[Simulation of repeated local hemorrhagic stroke in rats].

The processes of developed in CNS the complicated stroke and developments of fittings for their pharmaceutical therapy were developed and offering by standardized method of the experimental secondary stroke in rats, suitable for the use in sharp and chronic researches. Variant of repeated hemorrhagic stroke consist of autohemorrhagic right hemisphere stroke by the mechanical damage of brain tissue after 10-daily occlusion of right common carotid artery was studied. A model is comfortable for reproducing of the repeated standardized local damage of brain, is more adequate form of design of transient and chronic cerebrovascular pathology, than the independent use of local hemorrhage of autoblood in the brain of animals. The morphological description of model approaches the clinical variants of development and flow of sharp hemorrhagic stroke after a previous chronic cerebral insufficiency on an ischemic type.

[Influence of cortical neurotrophic factors on the neurocytokine production system in acute hemorrhagic stroke].

The mechanism of therapeutic action of cortical neurotropic factors (CNTF) was studied in hemorrhagic stroke. In intracerebral hemorrhage, CNTFs were shown to elevate the level of nerve growth factor mRNA and at the same time, produce no effect on its level in intact animals. The neuroactivating action of CNTF in the acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke was achieved by intranasal administration due to the retrograde axon transport of CNTF molecules along the olfactory nerve fibers to the brain, by passing the blood-brain barrier. It was ascertained that the molecules of tritium-labeled CHTF accumulated in the central nervous system following 20 minutes and the level of label accumulation is proportionally increased after 120 minutes. The pattern of accumulation of the intranasally administered label in the olfactory tract and olfactory bulb proves CNTF transportation along these structures of the nervous system. Therefore, when intranasally administered, CNTFs are able to transport to the central nervous system along the olfactory tract and to enhance the expression of nerve growth factor mRNA in hemorrhagic stroke.

[The role of latent virus infection of the central nervous system in acute hemorrhagic stroke].

The purpose of the investigation was to study whether latent virus infection may activate in the murine brain using a model of hemorrhagic stroke. Acute intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke was induced in the internal capsule in accordance with the original technology. For experimental reproduction of virus meningoencephalitis, albino mice were infected with a sublethal dose of herpes simplex virus. The investigation ascertained persistent virus activation, as shown by the polymerase chain reaction technique that detected herpes simplex virus type 1 in the blood and brain of the animals, as well as the development of a cerebral inflammatory lesion associated with acute hemorrhagic stroke. The findings suggest that encephalitis may develop in acute stroke due to herpes simplex virus reactivation from the latent state, which will improve monitoring and treatment quality in acute stroke.

[Investigation of the thermal resistance of Mycobacteria tuberculosis].

Incubation by means of the growth-promoting factor VCG of autoclaved culture broth of M. bovis 8 and tuberculins on the nutrient medium VCG gave rise to microorganisms that could partially restore acid resistance. The isolates reacted with antiserum to M. bovis Vallee in the agglutination test and enzyme immunoassay, which in combination with polymerase chain reaction data verifies their genetic relationship with the pathogen of tuberculosis. The isolates did not show a significant pathogenicity, but they long persisted in guinea-pigs and, in some cases, induced delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin. When exposed to high temperatures, the pathogen of tuberculosis is presumably to form structures that are capable to restore viability under certain conditions (for example, on the VCG medium).

[Influence of magnitolaser radiation on the acetylcholinergic neurons in culture].

The influence of magnitolaser radiation on the striated acetylcholinergic neurons was tested on the tissue culture derived from a newborn rat's brain. After 5 days of cultivation of brain cells, the authors carried out 10 everyday sessions using a magnitolaser "KMILTA" with infrared radiation. It was established on the bases of obtained results that AchE activity reliably increases in 1,3-fold compared with the control group. Thus magnitolaser radiation stimulates activation of regenerative processes in the striatal acetylcholinergic neurons.

Effect of active fraction of cerebral on expression of caspase-3 and beta-amyloid precursor protein during therapy of hemorrhagic stroke in the acute and delayed periods.

Active anti-stroke fraction of Cerebral preparation (extract of water-soluble molecules from brain tissue of animals with hemorrhagic stroke) decreased caspase-3 expression and improved survival of experimental animals in the acute period after hemorrhagic stroke.

[Neuroactivating mechanism of action of the new trophinotropic drug cerebral]. / Neiroaktiviruiushchii mekhanizm trofinotropina tserebrala.

The new drug cerebral, as well as its low-molecular-weight (LMW) fraction (MW, < or = 500 Da) separated from a ready-to-use commercial form of this new neutrotropic drug, increases the level of synthesis and secretion of the nerve growth factor (NGF) in rats under conditions of experimental hemorrhagic stroke (HS), while not influencing the NGF synthesis and secretion in intact animals. This neuroactivating effect of the trophinotropic drug cerebral and its LMW fraction in the acute HS development stage was observed upon intranasal administration. In comparison with parenteral (intraperitoneal) administration, the intranasal introduction provides for the optimum drug delivery to the CNS bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Trophinotropic agents are a new class of drugs with neuroactivating mechanism of action upon the NGF synthesis and secretion under HS conditions.

[Dynamics of distribution of the low molecular weight fraction of cerebral in rat tissues upon intranasal administration]. / Dinamika raspredeleniia nizkomolekuliarnykh veshchestv tserebrala v tkaniakh krys pri intranazal'nom vvedenii.

A homogeneous low-molecular-weight fraction (MW, 350-500 Da) separated from a ready-to-use commercial form of the new neurotropic drug cerebral (for amino acid composition see Arkh. Psikh. 3(18), 138-143 (1998)) increases the survival of experimental rats upon experimental hemorrhagic stroke (HS). The distribution and accumulation of tritium-labeled preparation was studied in various tissues (tractus olfactorius, bulbus olfactorius, damaged neocortex region, hippocampus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, cerebrum, liver) and in the blood of intact, shame-operated (SO), and HS rats 20 and 120 min after intranasal administration. A significant amount of the labeled drug is accumulated for 20 min in all structures of the brain, liver, and blood. After 120 min, the level of accumulated drug proportionally increases. The amount of labeled preparation accumulated in SO and HS rats is greater than that in intact rats. The character of cerebral accumulation in tractus olfactorius and bulbus olfactorius upon intranasal administration is indicative of the effective drug transport to CNS via these pathways. Therefore, the intranasal administration can offer a promising means of clinical treatment of HS patients.

[Correction of immune response using purified staphylococcal toxoid and likopid in the secondary immunodeficiency induced by Coxsackie virus B3]. / Korrektsiia immunogo otveta s pomoshch'iu anatoksina stafilokokkovogo ochishchennogo i likopida pri vtorichnom immunodefitsite, indutsirovannom virusom Koksaki B3.

The action of immunomodulators, purified staphylococcal toxoid (PST) and lycopid, on secondary immunodeficiency state developing during infection caused by Coxsackie virus B3 was studied. This defect was manifested by delayed hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the suppression of neutralizing antibodies to poliomyelitis virus. Depending on the scheme of the experiment, PST normalized the defects of immune response to SRBC or poliovirus, increased suppression or showed no activity. Lycopid corrected the defects of humoral response to SRBC. The combination of PST and lycopid was found to produce no increase of suppression. The suggestion was made on the expediency of combination of two (and probably more) immunomodulators for increasing the efficiency of correction of secondary immunodeficiency.

[The clinico-laboratory criteria of brain death in neurosurgical patients]. / Kliniko-laboratornye kriterii smerti mozga u neirokhirurgicheskikh bol'nykh.

With the purpose of developing scientifically substantiated criteria for brain death complex of clinical and physiological, biochemical, physicochemical, and morphological studies was initiated in 55 patients in a critical state because of a dangerous craniocerebral injury, tumours, and vascular affections of the brain. Generalized in the paper are well-known parameters characterizing irreversibility of changes. The following items are to be regarded as the principal criteria for brain death at the present stage of development of medicine: death of truncus cerebri and irreversibility of metabolic disturbances in brain activity.

[Change in plasma fatty acid level in experimental mild craniocerebral injury]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia zhirnykh kislot plazmy krovi v dinamike éksperimental'noi legkoi cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

Content of fatty acids was studied in the blood plasma of rabbits in dynamics of experimental mild craniocerebral injury using gas-liquid chromatography. The content of all the fatty acids studied was markedly increased within the initial periods; then it was decreased down to control values within 2 hrs with the subsequent repeated increase. All these alterations appear to be compensatory body's reactions to the trauma.

[Change in content of fatty acids in rabbit brain hemispheres in experimental concussion]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia zhirnykh kislot v polushariiakh bol'shogo mozga krolikov v dinamike éksperimental'nogo sotriaseniia.

Content of fatty acids in rabbit brain hemispheres in dynamics of experimental brain concussion was estimated by means of gas liquid chromatography. Content of fatty acids was increased within 15 min after experimental brain concussion and then it decreased reaching minimal values within 7 days. The phenomenon observed is a pathogenetically important factor in the traumatic disease.

[The superoxide dismutase activity of the brain and liver tissues in a rabbit with an experimental brain concussion]. / Aktivnost' superoksiddismutazy v tkaniakh mozga i pecheni krolika pri sotriasenii mozga v éksperimente.

A study is presented of the activity of superoxidedismutase and catalase in the brain and liver in the dynamics of mild head injury in experiments on rabbits. It was established that the activity of catalase in the brain show a three-times reduction within 15 minutes after the injury. The catalase activity in the liver remains practically unchanged. The activity of superoxidedismutase in the liver in the posttraumatic period does not differ from control values. In the brain superoxidedismutase activity reduces by 38% only on the 7 and 14 days after injury.

[Plasma corticosterone level in experimental mild cranio-cerebral injury in rabbits]. / Soderzhanie kortikosterona v plazme krovi krolikov v dinamike éksperimental'noi legkoi cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

The content of corticosterone in the rabbits blood plasma in dynamics of experimental brain concussion was studied. We found two peaks of elevating the content of corticosterone during two weeks (15 minutes-2 hours, 7 days). Level of corticosterone more than twice exceeded the control values after 3 months of concussion. We can conclude that the brain concussion distinct from the stress action was more deep and in some cases with irreversible changes in neuro-humoral status.

[Composition of elements in the tissues of the rabbit hemispheres, diencephalon and brain stem in experimental mild cranio-cerebral trauma]. / Sostav élementov v tkaniakh polusharii i diéntsefal'no- stvolovogo otdela mozga krolikov v dinamike éksperimental'noi legkoi cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

Measurements were made over time of the relative content of sodium, potassium, chlorine, phosphorus, sulfur and oxygen in the hemispheres, diencephalon and brain stem in rabbits with experimental craniocerebral injury (EMCCI). It has been established that the relative content of the elements measured was relatively stable in the hemispheres, whereas in the diencephalon and brain stem, it was prone to appreciable fluctuations. In the diencephalon and brain stem, the relative oxygen content dropped after 15 minutes, 7 and 14 days, that in the hemispheres reduced after 14 days. After 15 minutes and 2 hours there was an increase of the portion of chlorine and sodium; after 14 days there was a rise of the relative content of phosphorus and sulfur. The changes discovered point to the modification of the metabolic activity of the nerve tissue, seen during EMCCI. They also attest to the development of compensatory adaptive and pathological alterations.

[The pathogenetic substantiation of the periods of traumatic brain disease]. / Patogeneticheskoe obosnovanie periodov travmaticheskoi bolezni golovnogo mozga]

Advances in the study of the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of closed craniocerebral trauma (CCCT) which was conducted on an experimental model, a clinical equivalent of CCCT, allow one to form a new view of the course of traumatic disease and its division into periods. The data obtained provide evidence that increase of the pathological process in the posttraumatic period is of a skipping and cascade character. The existence of such breaks makes it possible to distinguish periods with consideration for the pathogenetic essence of the pathological changes. 1. The period of intensified metabolic processes, "conflagration of metabolism". 2. The period of development of energy deficit in the nerve tissue. 3. The period of development of cell intoxication processes and secondary structural changes. 4. The period of formation of posttraumatic homeostasis (a) in the regimen of stable homeostasis, (b) in the regimen of stress and subsequent exhaustion of the activity of adaptation systems with the formation of late-term progressive sequelae.

[Primary structure of tRNALeuIAG from the mammary gland of the lactating cow]. / Pervichnaia struktura tRNKLeuIAG laktiruiushchei molochnoi zhelezy korov.

The nucleotide sequence of the tRNALeuIAG from a lactating cow mammary gland was determined by ultramicrospectrophotometrical method and rapid gel sequencing procedure. The chain length of this tRNA is 85 nucleotides, 15 of them including 6 psi, are modified nucleotides. The primary structure of tRNALeuIAG is absolutely identical to major species of leucyl tRNAIAG from bovine liver and differs in 21 positions from cow mammary gland tRNALeuCAG.