[Immunotropic effects of probiotic complex bactistatin used simultaneously with antibiotics].

The immunotropic effects of the probiotic complex Bactistatin (the complex contains metabolites of Bacillus subtilis) used simultaneously with oral doxycycline during different periods of time (1, 5, 10 and 20 days) were estimated. The dynamics of the changes in the nonspecific immunity factors under the effect of the above mentioned products or their combination (bactistatin + doxycycline) during the treatment of different duration was demonstrated. It was found that the oral administration of the metabolic probiotic bactistatin to experimental animals during 1-10 days increased the activity of the nonspecific resistance factors. The immunotropic effects of the product were evident at the level of the cells of the blood phagocytic system and the processes related to synthesis of such enzymes as lysozyme and myeloperoxidase and their release into the blood stream. Comparatively rapid increase of the functional activity of the factors was registered even after a single administration of the product. When the combination of the products (bactistatin + doxycycline) was administered to the animals during a fixed period of time (10 days) significant activation of the nonspecific immunity factors was observed. In perspective the findings will allow to optimize the basic regimens of antibacterial therapy and urgent (postcontact) prevention of infectious diseases.

[Improvement of regimens for emergency prevention and treatment of infectious diseases].

Approaches to increasing the efficacy of the regimens for emergency prevention and treatment of infectious diseases with combined use of antibiotics, immunomodulators and probiotic metabolites are examined. On the basis of multi-factorial statistical analysis optimization of the use of such agents is discussed.

[The activity of natural killers and K cells and their interferon sensitivity in subjects inoculated against diphtheria and meningococcal infection]. / Izuchenie aktivnosti estestvennykh killerov, K-kletok, ikh chuvstvitel'nosti k interferonu u liudei, privitykh protiv difteriinoi i meningokokkovoi infektsii.

The work deals with the time course of changes in the activity of natural killers, K-cells, their sensitivity to interferon, which reflects, in our opinion, the reserve possibilities of this killer system simultaneously with the development of the specific sensitization of lymphocytes. Significant changes in the cytotoxicity of natural killers, K-cells, have been detected in persons immunized against meningococcal infection, especially in those immunized with meningococcal vaccine introduced in combination with diphtheria toxoid. In this latter group of volunteers even more pronounced sensitization of peripheral blood lymphocytes has been observed than in persons immunized with monopreparations. The results obtained in this investigation indicate that the determination of these cell reactions may be of importance in the evaluation of the effectiveness of immunization.

[The clinico-immunological validation of associated immunization]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskoe obosnovanie assotsiirovannoi immunizatsii.

Clinico-immunological studies on men were conducted using associated immunization by pair combinations of 8 commercial national vaccines (typhoid, plague, typhus, smallpox, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow-fever, cholera and sextaanatoxine). As for reactogenicity and immunological efficiency (serological studies), these pair associations can be subdivided into three main groups. The first group consists of pair combinations of vaccines that cannot exert any influence on immunogenicity of cause the development of frequent post-vaccination reaction or temporary disability (typhus, smallpox, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow-fever vaccines). These preparations are completely compatible in every combination. The second group includes plague and cholera vaccines that reduce its immunogenicity under the influence of more active antigens or increase its reactogenicity being associated with typhoid vaccine or sextaanatoxine. The third group is composed of typhoid vaccine and sextaanatoxine that have high reactogenicity and stable serological shifts. Associations of the first group are the most favourable for anti-epidemiological practice.

[The experimental validation of associated immunization with paired combinations of vaccines]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie assotsiirovannoi immunizatsii parnymi sochetaniiami vaktsin.

Experimental researches were conducted on reactogenicity and immunological efficiency of pair associations of 8 commercial drug preparations. The following vaccines were used in various pair combinations: typhoid, plague, smallpox, typhus, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow-fever, cholera, sextaanatoxine. Pair combinations of these drug preparations were proved to be harmless. Their reactogenicity was manifested mainly in more or less pronounced vaccination reaction which may be considered as tolerable. Immunological efficiency practically of all pair combinations of vaccines, which was determined by the frequency and intensity of antibody formation, had the same indexes as the control one. The immunity expression of a large majority of pair combinations of vaccines also was unchanged. The study in vitro of compatibility of pair associations of vaccines proves the low stability of yellow-fever vaccine, which falls down under the influence of plague and cholera vaccines, or sextaanatoxine. On the contrary, smallpox vaccine makes yellow-fever vaccine more active. Plague vaccine is stimulated by smallpox vaccine and is oppressed with combined application of typhoid vaccine and sextaanatoxine.

[The dynamics of the morphological changes in the tissues after the subcutaneous administration of vaccines against Q fever]. / Dinamika morfologicheskikh izmenenii v tkaniakh posle podkozhnogo vvedeniia vaktsin protiv Ku-likhoradki.

The comparative study of the dynamics of morphological changes in tissues of guinea pigs after the subcutaneous injection of chemical, live and combined vaccines against Q fever during the period from 12 hours to 90 days was made. All vaccines under study were shown to produce a pronounced local damaging effect. Two periods were tentatively discriminated in the dynamics of changes: the early phase (till 48 hours) and the late phase (days 2-90). At the early stage the most pronounced changes were registered after the injection of the combined vaccine. At the late phase the use of the chemical and combined vaccines was accompanied by the appearance of secondary hemorrhages into newly formed connective tissue. Starting from day 30, practically no deviation from the normal state of tissues were registered at the site of injection.