[Modification of collagen during action light].

In work chemical modification of collagen during action visible spectrum sunlight. These changes of collagen were found to indicate a photodegradation and photooxidation processes in collagen.

[Biochemical and photometric studies of modification of collagen structure under UV radiation].

The influence of UV irradiation (270-380 nm) on the biochemical, fluorescence and colorimetric properties of collagen was studied. The long-term UV irradiation (120 h) was accompanied by the increase of structural stability of collagen to specific and nonspecific proteolytic enzymes, by formation of new additional fluorophore-containing molecules, by the increase in quantity of carbonyl groups in the collagen and by strong changing of the distribution pattern of alkaline hydrolysis products during gel-chromatography. The coordinates of colour of the collagen films are also changed. These changes of collagen suggest that UV irradiation induces photomodification and photooxidation processes in collagen.

[Some factors of collagen aging factors in vivo and in vitro]. / Nekotorye faktory starenia kollagena in vivo i in vitro.

The literature data on different factors of collagen aging, the main connective tissue protein, have been analyzed. Mechanisms of reactions that are involved in both old aging and non-enzymatic course of protein aging are discussed. Factory influencing, non-enzymatic protein glycation during-related pathology and some ways for its inactivation by different substances are reviewed.

Structural modification of collagen during nonenzymatic glycosylation in vitro.

We studied changes in collagen resistance to proteases and formation of new fluorescent compounds during in vitro nonenzymatic glycosylation. The inhibitory effects of guanidine chloride and catalase were different: guanidine chloride inhibited cross-linking in collagen molecules, while catalase inhibited the formation of chromophore-containing compounds.

[Evaluation of preservation and the collagen structure state in the mummy tissues]. / Otsenka sokhrannosti i sostoianiia kollagenovykh struktur v tkaniakh mumii.

The content and state of collagen in skin, muscle and bone of 2500-year-old Altai mummies were studied. Collagen is the predominant protein in studied tissues of the mummies. High degree of the resistance of collagen to the effect of various proteases (collagenase, pronase, pepsin) and to alkline and acidic hydrolysis suggests on the considerable chemical modification of tissue collagen structures of the mummy. The possibility of increased collagen cross-linkages in tissues of the mummies during long-term storage and of nonenzymatic glycosylation of collagen leading to the formation an Amadori products and other modified structures are discussed.

[Morphological changes in lungs of patients with spinal injuries died in hospital]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia v legkikh u lits s travmoi pozvonochnika, umershikh v statsionare.

Morphological characteristics of changes in the spine and lungs in patients with spinal injuries dead in hospital are described. Spinal edemas were detected in all cases. Edemas were found even in subjects dead at the place where the injury was inflicted. Morphological changes in the lungs were characterized by a phase-wise process, depended on the volume of injury, duration of hospitalization, medical care rendered, and manifested by disorders of blood content of the organ, development of tissue edema, and pneumonia. These data do not rule out the development of pneumonia in patients with spinal injuries.

[Morphologic changes in spinal cord of patients with spinal injuries who died in hospital]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia spinnogo mozga u lits s travmoi pozvonochnika, umershikh v statsionare.

Morphologic changes in the spine have been investigated in patients with spinal injuries who died in hospital. The incidence of injuries has been evaluated as 9.3% of mechanical injuries. Purposeful search for possible injuries increased the rate of detection of injuries of the spine and the cord. Spinal cord can be impaired without involving the osseous formations and spinal ligaments. Edema of the cord tissue develops during the early period of injury and prevents the detection of injuries, persisting for a long time after the injury. Edemas are detected even in subjects who died at the site of accident.

[Color and morphological characteristics of the skin in people of different racial groups]. / Tsvet i morfologicheskie osobennosti kozhnogo pokrova u liudei razlichnykh rasovykh grupp.

A complex colorimetric, spectrometric and morphological research of race-dependent differences in skin colour and structure has been carried out. Certain regularities in the quantity, distribution and morphological composition of melanin-containing structures and Hb pigment have been revealed in the Russians, Vietnamese, Angolans and Mulattoes. The study has shown that sex differences in skin color depend on hemoglobin concentration--in people of the Caucasian race; both on melanin and hemoglobin concentration--in people of the Mongolian race and only on melanin concentration--in people of the Negroid race.

[Postmortem changes in skin color]. / Posmertnye izmeneniia tsveta kozhnogo pokrova.

By the employment of the colorimetric method statistically significant objective data on postmortem changes in the colour of different parts of the skin have first been obtained. Histological and spectrophotometric studies were carried out in order to elucidate the causes of these changes. The colour of the cadavar skin as well as the colour of the human skin in life depends on primary pigments: hemoglobin, melanin, carotene and melanoid. A certain role is likely to be played by the main structural proteins of the derma and epidermis: collagen and keratin. The cadavar skin colour differs in variations of the dominant wave length and reflectance which are associated with postmortem redistribution of the blood under the effect of the gravity and qualitative transformation of oxyhaemoglobin into reduced haemoglobin. The distribution of melanin, carotene, and melanoid does not differ from that in life. The most specific index of the amount of melanin is the purity of colour and not reflectance.

[Objective non-contact method of study of the color of the human skin integument by use of a photoelectric colorimeter]. / Ob'ektivnyi beskontaktnyi metod issledovaniia tsveta kozhnykh pokrovov cheloveka s pomoshch'iu fotoélektricheskogo kolorimetra

The authors describe a method of determination of the colour of the skin in man based on the use of contactless photoelectric colorimeter made especially for this purpose. The mean normal values of the indices of the skin colour of the anterior and the posterior surface of the arm in 45 men and 35 women of the Europeoid race under normal conditions are presented.