[The evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of bischofite-modified yellow clay (an experimental studi)]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti primeneniia zheltoi gliny, modifitsirovannoi bishofitom (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

BACKGROUND: The topical problems in balneotherapeutics and health resort activities in general are the development of the yellow clay-based preparations enriched in the natural mineral bischofite and the investigation of their therapeutic effects with the purpose of improvement of their curative potential. AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the course of the experimental therapeutic applications of the yellow clay obtained by the open pit mining of its deposits located in the vicinity of Pyatigorsk and modified by the addition of bischofite. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiments were carried out with the use of 57 eugamic Wistar male rats with adjuvant arthritis. The yellow clay supplemented with bischofite in various concentrations was applied in 12 procedures each 15 minutes in duration every other or every two days beginning from the 38th day of experimentally-induced arthritis. The animals were allocated to five groups as follows: group 1 included the healthy animals that served as controls (n=5), groups 2-5 were comprised of the animals with adjuvant arthritis. The animals included in group 2 served as the experimental model of adjuvant arthritis (n=8), those comprising group 3 were treated by the applications of yellow clay without additives (n=14), group 4 was composed of the animals with adjuvant arthritis treated by the applications of yellow clay containing 10% of bischofite (n=15), the animals in group 5 having adjuvant arthritis were treated by the applications of yellow clay containing 20% of bischofite (n=15). RESULTS: The study has demonstrated the reduction of the reactively enhanced relative abundance of, activated T-cells, and B-lymphocytes down to the respective control values in the animals with adjuvant arthritis after the course of applications of the yellow clay preparations. Simultaneously, normalization of the immunoregulatory index, IRI, (the T-helpers to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes ratio) was documented. The treatment was associated with the strong dependence of the interleukin (IL-1ß) contents on the cortisol level and the well apparent relationship between the levels of interleukins and IRI. Specifically, the relation between IL-1ß and IRI following the application of non-modified yellow clay was characterized as (r=+0.8, p=0.03) in comparison with the relation between IL 6 and IRI (r=+0.8, p=0.03) after the treatment with yellow clay containing 10% of bischofite or between IL 6 and IRI (r=+0.8, p=0.004) after the application of yellow clay containing 20% of bischofite. CONCLUSION: The results of the study give evidence of the immunomodulatory action of yellow clay modified by the addition of bischofite. They suggest the promising opportunities for the application of these preparations for the management and rehabilitation of the patients presenting with the diseases of the musculoskeletal system in the future.

[In vitro Antiviral Activity of Recombinant Antibodies of IgG and IgA Isotypes to Hemagglutinin of the Influenza A Virus].

Seasonal and highly infectious strains of the influenza A and influenza B viruses cause millions of cases of severe complications in elderly people, children, and patients with immune diseases each year. Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is an active component of humoral immunity, can prevent the spread of the virus in the upper respiratory tract. The preparation and study of the properties of recombinant virus-specific IgA could be an important approach to finding new means of preventing and treating influenza. Based on CHO DG44 cells, we developed stable monoclonal cell lines that produce monomeric and dimeric antibodies FI6-IgA1 and FI6-IgA2m1 to hemagglutinin (HA) of the influenza A virus. When studying the productivity, growth, and stability of the obtained clones, we found that the dimeric form of antibodies of IgA1 isotype is superior to other forms. The dimeric form of IgA antibodies plays a key role in mucosal immunity. Recognizing the prospects of using dimeric IgA as prophylactic and therapeutic mucosal drugs for viral infections, we studied their virus-neutralizing and antiviral activities on MDCK cell culture and compared them with the antibodies of the IgG1 isotype. This study presents the data on antiviral and virus-neutralizing activities of the FI6-IgA1 dimers to seasonal and highly infectious strains of influenza A virus.

[The spa and health resort-based treatment of metabolic syndrome with the application of the therapeutic courses of different duration: the evaluation according long-term results]. / Sanatorno-kurortnoe lechenie metabolicheskogo sindroma pri razlichnoi prodolzhitel'nosti lechebnogo tsikla po rezul'tatam otdalennykh nabliudenii.

AIM: The objective of the present study was to estimate the effectiveness of the new therapeutic modalities for the spa and health resort-based treatment of metabolic syndrome based on the results of the long-term follow-up observations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 100 patients presenting with metabolic syndrome were recruited for the participation in the study. All of them underwent a shortened course of mineral water intake in the combination with the use of the herbal medicinal products. RESULTS: The results of the study give evidence of the more favorable changes in the clinical and instrumental characteristics of the patients with metabolic syndrome treated with the use of the proposed approach in comparison the patients treated by the conventional methods. Moreover, the beneficial effects of the proposed approach persisted during a longer period. The basal treatment given to our patients was supplemented by dietary therapy, therapeutic physical exercise, narzan baths, intake of mineral water having a temperature of 35-37 °Ð¡ in conjunction with sulphate mineral water (narzan) cooled to 13-15 °Ð¡, and a phytococktail. CONCLUSION: The results of the long-term observations confirmed the enhanced effectiveness of the spa and health resort-based treatment of metabolic syndrome including the therapeutic courses with the intake of cooled narzan mineral water in the combination with phytococktails. This therapeutic modality increased the duration of the favorable changes of various parameters that characterize metabolic syndrome. Specifically, they persisted during 5-6 months after the application of the standard methods, were still apparent within 6-7 months after the two-week course of the treatment with cold narzan and phytococktails, and during 8-9 months when the duration of the treatment course was extended up to 3 weeks.

[Clinicomorphological observation of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung].

The authors analyze rare lung diseases and describe a clinicomorphological case of bronioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung as one of rare bronchopulmonary diseases. According to the WHO histological classification (1999), the tumor is adenocarcinoma that is represented solely by bronchioloalveolar vegetations as a monolayer of the cells lining the walls of pre-existing alveoles without invasion of the stroma, vessels, and pleura. In 1876 Mallaser first described this rare disease in cloven-hoofed animals (Artiodactyla) in Scandinavian countries. Subsequently cases of this disease were also described in human beings.

[Idiopathic esophageal enlargement in a 68-year-old male].

The authors describe a rare case of undiagnosed lifetime malformation of the esophagus as its idiopathic enlargement undiagnosed in a 68-year-old male. The size of the organ was 10 to 20 cm in diameter and up to 25 cm in length. The esophageal mucosa was covered with the papillomatously changed laminated squamous epithelium with chronic inflammation in the mucous stroma. The case is of certain clinical and pathomorphological interest due to its rarity of undiagnosed lifetime malformation.

[Primary diffuse melanoma of the pia mater].

A rather rare case of melanoma with a rare primary localization in the pia mater is described. The available literature describes as many as 60 cases of melanomatosis at this site. This case is of certain clinical and morphological interest due to its rare localization and great clinical diagnostic difficulties.

[Generalized aspergillosis sepsis in a one month old infant with inborn leukemia].

A rare case of aspergillesis sepsis in an one month old baby with inborn leukemia is reported. Of essential importance in the pathology is genetic deficiency of this child, decreased immunity and a grave intoxication due to leukemia chemotherapy.

[Combined effect of insolation and drinking mineral waters on hormonal and immune status in medium-height mountains.(Experimental study)]. / Sochetannoe deistvie insoliatsii i pit'evykh mineral'nykh vod v usloviiakh srednegor'ia na gormonal'nyi i immunnyi status. (Eksperimental'noe issledovanie).

80 Wistar male rats were kept for 24 days in moderate altitude conditions of mountain resort Teberda. Before the experiment and after it their blood was examined with enzyme immunoassay for hydrocortisone, T3, T4, TSH, with radioimmunoassay for insulin; glucose levels, dynamics of peripheral blood count, immune status were also measured. It was found that UV radiation has a negative effect on hormonal and immune status of healthy rats in medium-high mountains (hydrocortisone levels fell by 50%, insulin rose 5-6-fold, CIC rose by 24.2%, eosinophils count rose 3-fold, T-cell immunity and lymphocyte phagocyting activity got suppressed, lymphocyte/neutrophil proportion reduced by 35%. Intake of mineral water corrected all the negative effects of insolation but hyperinsulinemia decreased insignificantly.

[Exercise training of patients in a health resort after surgery for rheumatic heart disease]. / Fizicheskie trenirovki na terrenkure bol'nykh, operirovannykh po povodu revmaticheskikh porokov serdtsa.

We studied the effect of cardiovascular system function on the response to terrain cure in the course of rehabilitation of 88 patients after surgical correction of valvular defects in conditions of low-mountain health resort. We have found that the response to the above exercise depends on functional condition of the cardiovascular system (the degree of correction of hemodynamic disorders related to valvular disease, the degree of myocardial hypertrophy and dilation of the chambers, left ventricular contractility). Terrain cure exercise promotes improvement in regulation of cardiovascular system and mobilization of its reserves.

[The combined effect of potable mineral waters and mid-alpine factors on hormonal status (clinico-experimental research)]. / Sochetannoe vliianie pit'evykh mineral'nykh vod i faktorov srednegor'ia na gormonal'nyi status (kliniko-éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

Hormonal status was examined in 30 intact male Wistar rats (body mass 200-220 g) and 10 healthy male volunteers aged 25-35 years. Hormonal status and influence of exercise were assessed in human males after 2, 10 and 19 days of stay in the sanatorium situated 2000 m above the sea level. The animals were decapitated on day 24 of their stay in the mountains. Blood from the rats' cervical vessels was examined for glucose, beta-lipoproteins, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, TTH, hydrocortisone. The findings indicate that stay in conditions of medium-height mountains climate aroused adaptation reactions in the hormonal systems, i.e. activation of thyroid hormones. An additional course of mineral water contributed to further rise of the blood hormones. Hormonal trends in the volunteers were similar. There was also a rise in the levels of beta-lipoproteins which was arrested by physical exercise.

[Changes in lipoprotein metabolism during the rehabilitation of ischemic heart disease patients after aortocoronary bypass at a health resort in the foothills]. / Izmenenie obmena lipoproteidov pri reabilitatsii bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa posle aortokoronarnogo shuntirovaniia v usloviiakh nizkogornogo kurorta.

284 patients with IHD after coronary artery bypass operation have undergone rehabilitation at low-mountain health resort Kislovodsk. The study of lipoprotein metabolism has detected a positive trend in this metabolism as shown by lowering of blood cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, phospholipids and triglycerides, elevated levels of high density lipoproteins.

[Effect of mineral drinking water on hormonal reactions of rats under hypoxic conditions]. / Vliianie pit'evykh mineral'nykh vod na gormonal'nye reaktsii krys pri deistvii gipoksii.

Acute action of hypoxia was modelled by raising 26 Wistar male rats (body mass 230-250 g) in the low-pressure chamber at the height of 9000 m with the speed 15 m/s. The exposure was 60 min. Before and after lifting the rat blood was examined for contents of hormones, glucose and body temperature. It was found that hormonal reactions in maximal hypoxia and in drinking mineral water were virtually the same. This explains potentiation of hypoxia by mineral water. It is suggested that hypoxia and drinking mineral waters should be included in the complex strengthening the reserves of human body.

[Strategy of the surgeon in rectal injuries]. / Taktika khirurga pri povrezhdenii priamoi kishki.

Mechanical rectal injuries are severe traumas of the gastrointestinal tract which often cause fatal complications. The etiology of injuries to the rectum is diverse. They are inflicted with knives, occur in blunt injury of the abdomen, in injury with foreign objects, in falling from a height on a sharp object. Particularly important are traumas occurring during medical manipulations: in giving an enema, during rectosigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy, in electrocoagulation of polyps. Various methods are applied for the treatment of rectal injuries in intra- and extraperitoneal traumas, and an individual approach is needed in each case.