International aspects in healthcare and medical education: Scientometric trends and knowledge maps before the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Literature shows that healthcare and medical education are associated with the countries/institutes' developments, and reviewing the global patterns can shed light on various aspects of this competition. The study aims to investigate the current research aspects on the internationalization of healthcare and medical education and assess its trends worldwide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive study, based on documents in Web of Science (n = 609), PubMed (n = 395), and Scopus (n = 6598), scientometric methods and knowledge visualization techniques were applied to evaluate global scientific production and trends from 1900 to 2020. Results were preprocessed in BibExcel (version 2016-02-20) to create a mapping file, and word co-occurrence analysis was applied to evaluate the publications. Scientific maps, authors' networks, and countries'/institutes' contributions were depicted using VOS (Visualization of Similarity) viewer and NetDraw. For trend analysis, highly frequent words were examined at intervals before 2000, 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2019. RESULTS: Altogether, 129 countries and 14536 (co)authors with 7007 affiliations contributed to the production of 6895 documents. Of the 2378 journals, the top 20 journals published 1298 (18.83%) articles. The top 20 authors together contributed to 247 papers (3.58%). High-income countries made up the most prolific nations. Also, institutes from North America, Europe, and Oceania pioneered production and cooperation. Highly co-occurring words were international cooperation, medical education, medical school, curriculum, medical research, and medical students. CONCLUSION: The countries/institutions' efforts in internationalizing healthcare and medical education are reflected in the publications in the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Thus, the findings offer evidence-based information about past and present trends and help researchers and policymakers understand their global impact.

Scientometric evaluation of 100-year history of Poultry Science (1921-2020).

To have a better contribution to the poultry production community, the Poultry Science Association founded journals including Poultry Science (PS) at 1921. Now, after 100 yr of publishing, PS ranks between the top 10 journals in the category of "agriculture, dairy, and animal science". One hundred years after publishing the first paper in PS, the poultry industry has been completely revolutionized. Hence, it will be interesting to establish scientometrics study of the PS development during the last century. Therefore, based on findings of the current study, among countries/authors' collaborations, future research fronts, and possibility of hot topics in the coming years may be predictable. Accordingly, a total of 22,451 articles were retrieved. For content analyses, according to the PS categorization for subject areas, 14 different subject areas were developed, including "behavior, breeding and quantitative genetics, education and extension, health and welfare, immunology, management and environment, metabolism and nutrition, microbiology and virology, modeling, molecular biology, physiology and anatomy, production, products, processing and marketing, and reproduction". Considering the 100-yr of PS, the most frequent subject area was "nutrition and metabolism" (14,109 articles), and "modeling" (1,114 articles) attracted less scholarly attention. However, considering the last decade (2011-2020), the most important subject area was "molecular biology" (1,420 of 2,466 articles; 57.58%), followed by "modeling" (544 of 1,144 articles; 48.88%). Moreover, the most frequent poultry species/strains were broilers (retrieved in 6,156 articles), followed by laying hens, turkeys, and quail. Considering collaboration of countries and researchers, it can be said that a total number of 108 countries contributed to PS, with the most prolific country being United States (with 9,421 articles; 43.16%), followed by China, Canada, the Netherlands, and Japan. Among the authors, Harms RH (287 articles), and Siegel PB (208) were the most prolific authors, and Siegel PB and Dunnington EA (71 articles) had more collaborations. To study keyword trends, including 3 time periods broilers was the central co-occurrent keyword, while the importance of chickens and turkeys declined during the time. Salmonella spp. was a constant representative of poultry microbiology during 100 yr. While "nutrition and metabolism" was the most important subject area, nutrition-related keywords (major items) were not concentrated and co-occurred with a variety of keywords from different subject areas. While "molecular biology" ranked first over the past decade, the importance of "nutrition and metabolism" should not be ignored. In fact, in recent years, molecular basis of the nutrition has been studied. In big-data era and due to developing the molecular biology technologies, it seems that using mathematical modeling and computational methodologies will increase and probably remains as one of the most attractive research areas for scientists at least in the upcoming future decades.

Fifty years of sheep red blood cells to monitor humoral immunity in poultry: a scientometric evaluation.

Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) are commonly employed by scientists to address humoral immune responses in poultry. While SRBC are closely related to the study of humoral immunity in poultry, the initial purpose of much research did not focus on the mechanisms involved. Here, we provide a qualitative approach and utilize scientometric techniques, including trend analyses, scientific collaborations and mapping, and word co-occurrence evaluations, to summarize the role of SRBC in the poultry studies. First, a search strategy on Web of Science (WoS) was conducted to find publications that included SRBC in the poultry studies. Publications were partitioned into 4 categories: nutrition, genetics, microbiology, and physiology. For scientometric evaluation, scientific maps and networks were produced to clarify the occurrence of SRBC in the poultry studies. Data used included 702 publications over a period of 50 y (1968-2018) that were retrieved from the WoS database. About 95% of the publications were published in English language. Indigenous, experimental, and commercial chickens, quail, and medicinal plants field/topics were the main subjects of publications. In recent years, authors have used SRBC to study humoral immune response as a secondary aim of their research, especially when poultry production/performance was studied. This was especially the case in recent decades for studies in poultry nutrition. Analysis of keywords co-occurrence showed that the phrase SRBC mostly occurred with chickens, immune response, and especially with broilers. Moreover, the "medicinal plants" are becoming important especially for research on broilers and the reduced use of antibiotics in feed. Consequently, in addition to studying the medicinal plants, finding antibiotic replacements, and/or growth performance in the birds, humoral immunity is suggested to be investigated using SRBC. Moreover, interdisciplinary studies with the cooperation of scientists from agriculture, veterinary, immunology, biochemistry and molecular biology, and toxicology will develop in the future.

An Overview of Tracheal Stenosis Research Trends and Hot Topics.

BACKGROUND: Tracheal stenosis remains a challenge in the thoracic surgery field. Recognizing the hot topics and major concepts in this area would help the health policy makers to determine their own priorities and design the effective research plans. The present study analyzed and mapped the topics and trends of tracheal stenosis studies over time as well as authors' and countries' contributions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Search results were obtained employing Bibexcel. To determine cold and hot topics, co-occurrence analysis was applied using three international databases 'Web of Science', 'PubMed' and 'Scopus'. Appropriately, different categories in the articles such as keywords, authors, and countries were explored via VOSviewer and NetDraw. Afterward, the trends of research topics were depicted in four time-intervals from 1945 to 2015 by ten co-occurrence terms. RESULTS: The majority of articles were limited to case series and retrospective studies. The studies had been conducted less frequently on prevention, risk factors and incidence determination but extensively on treatment and procedures. Based on the articles indexed in WOS, 45 countries and 8,260 authors have contributed to scientific progress in this field. The highest degree of cooperation occurred between the USA and England with 15 common papers. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the published literature in tracheal stenosis research field was about surgical and non-surgical treatments. Conducting the screening and prevention studies would diminish the burden of this disease on the health system as well as the patients and their families' well-being.

An Investigation of Topics and Trends of Tracheal Replacement Studies Using Co-Occurrence Analysis.

This study evaluated tracheal regeneration studies using scientometric and co-occurrence analysis to identify the most important topics and assess their trends over time. To provide the adequate search options, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) were used to cover various categories such as keywords, countries, organizations, and authors. Search results were obtained by employing Bibexcel. Co-occurrence analysis was applied to evaluate the publications. Finally, scientific maps, author's network, and country contributions were depicted using VOSviewer and NetDraw. Furthermore, the first 25 countries and 130 of the most productive authors were determined. Regarding the trend analysis, 10 co-occurrence terms out of highly frequent words were examined at 5-year intervals. Our findings indicated that the field of trachea regeneration has tested different approaches over the time. In total, 65 countries have contributed to scientific progress both in experimental and clinical fields. Special keywords such as tissue engineering and different types of stem cells have been increasingly used since 1995. Studies have addressed topics such as angiogenesis, decellularization methods, extracellular matrix, and mechanical properties since 2011. These findings will offer evidence-based information about the current status and trends of tracheal replacement research topics over time, as well as countries' contributions.