The relation between body image perceptions, parental messages, and depressive symptoms among Latinx college students.

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the role of parental messages about body image in relation to body image dissatisfaction (BID) and depressive symptoms among Latinx college students. We assessed negative and positive messages about body image from mothers and fathers to examine the indirect effect of BID in explaining links from parental communication to depressive symptoms. METHOD: The sample included 198 Latinx college students in the southeastern United States (age range 18-25, 70% female). We used four mediation models, whereby parental comments were modeled to affect depressive symptoms through BID. RESULTS: Results indicated that although there was no direct effect between parental messages and depressive symptoms, both negative maternal and paternal comments had indirect effects on depressive symptoms via BID. CONCLUSIONS: Parental messages about body image have significant implications for understanding the etiology of BID and concomitant depressive symptoms among Latinx college students. The findings highlight the important role of parental communication in Latinx student health and the need for future studies to better understand Latinx college students' interpretations of their parents' positive and negative comments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy-linked genes and centronuclear myopathy-linked genes regulate myonuclear movement by distinct mechanisms.

Muscle cells are a syncytium in which the many nuclei are positioned to maximize the distance between adjacent nuclei. Although mispositioned nuclei are correlated with many muscle disorders, it is not known whether this common phenotype is the result of a common mechanism. To answer this question, we disrupted the expression of genes linked to Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and centronuclear myopathy (CNM) in Drosophila and evaluated the position of the nuclei. We found that the genes linked to EDMD and CNM were each necessary to properly position nuclei. However, the specific phenotypes were different. EDMD-linked genes were necessary for the initial separation of nuclei into distinct clusters, suggesting that these factors relieve interactions between nuclei. CNM-linked genes were necessary to maintain the nuclei within clusters as they moved toward the muscle ends, suggesting that these factors were necessary to maintain interactions between nuclei. Together these data suggest that nuclear position is disrupted by distinct mechanisms in EDMD and CNM.

Comparison of single versus multiple spontaneous extra- and/or intracranial arterial dissection.

BACKGROUND: Anecdotal data suggest that approximately 20% of patients with a spontaneous extra- and/or intracranial arterial dissection have multiple arterial involvement. Limited data exist regarding the clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients with multiple arterial dissections. We compared the clinical and angiographic features of patients with spontaneous multiple extra- and/or intracranial arterial dissections with those who have a single arterial dissection. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of the consecutive ischemic stroke database over a 7-year period, maintained at 2 institutions, was conducted to identify patients with spontaneous extra- and/or intracranial arterial dissection. The patients' clinical characteristics and angiographic features (including the artery affected, presence of pseudoaneurysm, fibromuscular dysplasia, and degree of stenosis) were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 76 patients were admitted with spontaneous extra- and/or intracranial arterial dissection; 46 dissections were confirmed with 4-vessel cerebral angiography. Multiple arterial dissections were found in a total of 10 (22%) patients. Involvement of multiple arteries was more prevalent in the young, when compared to a single spontaneous arterial dissection (7 [70%] in patients <45 years of age v 11 [31%]; P = .03). Patients with multiple arterial dissections had a higher proportion of pseudoaneurysms (9 [90%] v 11 [31%]; P = .001), a higher prevalence of underlying fibromuscular dysplasia (3 [30%] v 3 [8%]; P = .11), and were more likely to involve the posterior circulation (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of multiple, simultaneous spontaneous extra- and/or intracranial arterial dissections must be considered when a single spontaneous arterial dissection is identified.