RESUMO
Controlling the spread of COVID-19 requires individuals to adopt preventive behaviours, but conspiracy beliefs about its origin are spreading. The aim of this paper is to better comprehend the strength of conspiracy beliefs versus objective COVID-19 information to predict people's adherence to protective behaviours (getting vaccinated, being tracked through APPs, and keeping social distance from infected people). Study 1 shows that COVID-19 implicit theories detected in the Pre-study were activated as independent factors that constitute people's interpretations of the virus origin. These beliefs were related to a lesser intention to engage in preventive behaviours and a higher level of mistrust in institutional information, although some beliefs generate positive expectations about COVID-19 consequences. In Study 2, conducted with a different sample, official COVID-19 information was included as an independent variable, but this new variable did not further explain results. Lastly, Study 3 consisting of both previous samples confirmed that conspiracy beliefs had a direct effect on a lesser willingness to engage in preventive actions, a higher mistrust, and positive expectations about COVID-19 consequences. We conclude that objective COVID-19 information did not buffer the effect of conspiracy beliefs; they interfere with actions to prevent it by taking institutions as scapegoats or complicit with secret powers.
RESUMO
Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses privation of education, health or housing. Women show more positive perceptions of poor people, making external attributions for the causes of poverty or the circumstances that explain it. The aim of this study is to analyse perceptions of poverty, identifying the differences in attitudinal profiles between women and men, and the influence of their political and religious beliefs. The sample consists of 278 participants (154 women and 124 men), who completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Scale of Attitudes and Stereotypes toward Poverty. The results showed two attitude profiles for women and men, with differences in the first profile, where women or men did not have religious beliefs, had left-wing or centre-left political ideas and favourable attitudes about poverty.
RESUMO
Este trabajo analiza el efecto de distintos factores implicados en la modificación de los estereotipos. Partiendo de los modelos sociocognitivos, se consideran dos tipos: exógenos y endógenos. Como factores endógenos, los relativos al sujeto, se analiza el procesamiento de la información, la motivación, la percepción de amenaza, la tipicalidad percibida y la variabilidad. Como factores exógenos, relativos a la situación, se consideran el tipo de información ofrecida a los sujetos y las diferentes formas de medir y evaluar el cambio producido en el estereotipo. Dadas las diferencias en medidas y procedimientos las conclusiones sobre la influencia de las variables no son unánimes, además de impedir la comparación. El artículo defiende la necesidad de unanimidad en las formas de medida y la ventaja que supondría el uso de investigaciones con un modelo pre-test pos-test
This paper analyzes the effects of different factors implied in stereotype change. Leaving of the sociocognitive models, two types of factors are considered: exogenous and endogenous. As endogenous factors, that the perceiver, we focus on information processing, the motivation, the threat perception, the perceived typicality and the variability. As exogenous factors, the situation, the type of information offered to the individuals and the different forms of measure and evaluate the stereotype change are commented. Although in some cases the conclusions about the influence of certain variables are unanimous, in others studies the results are opposite and don't allow the comparison since the used procedures, the stimuli and the measures to evaluate the change are very different. The article defends the necessity of unanimity in the measure forms and the advantage that it would suppose the use of investigations with a model pre-test post-test
