A rare case of giant papillary adenoma of the breast.

The authors present a case of giant papillary adenoma of the breast and discuss their therapeutic strategy. The patient subsequently returned due to a local recurrence, which was treated with oncoplastic surgery, with satisfactory aesthetic results. The authors conclude by stressing the considerable rarity of this disease and the need for effective cooperation between surgeons and pathologists.

Ectopic parotid: case report.

A recent case led the authors to re-examine the clinical characteristics of the cervical ectopia of the major salivary glands. These glands develop in the embryo between the sixth and seventh week, starting with the formation of endodermal invaginations of the branchial section of the floor of the primitive mouth. These cell cords, initially solid, proliferate in the underlying mesenchyme, starting from the opening of the future excretory duct, and subsequently branch and canalize. During embryogenesis, the endodermal invaginations become closely interconnected with the adjacent lymphatic tissue. It is thus possible for lymphoid tissue to migrate into the parotid or the other major salivary glands, or conversely, for salivary tissue to become included in the cervical lymph nodes. Very rarely, ectopic salivary gland tissue can also be found in other unusual locations, including the neck region, as a result of a developmental abnormality of the branchial apparatus. The base of the neck is the most common location, while ectopia of the mid third of the neck is quite rare. The authors discuss the clinical details and diagnostic procedure leading to preoperative diagnosis. This congenital anomaly can, albeit rarely, degenerate into cancer, and surgical excision is thus imperative.

Microfixation of acute orbital fractures.

Microfixation techniques were used as an adjunct to the use of miniplates and screws in the acute treatment of fractures involving the orbit in 42 patients over a 2-year period. Miniplates were used in all fractures at the Le Fort I level and at the zygomatic-frontal suture in high-energy injuries. Microfixation was used to stabilize all other fractures of the zygomatic, nasoethmoid, and frontal areas. Problems with plate visibility and objectionable palpability through thin periorbital skin were eliminated. The use of microplates allowed more precise positioning of small fragments than possible with miniplates or interfragmentary wires. Fracture reduction remained clinically stable in the frontal and nasoethmoid areas. Microplates were inadequate to resist soft tissue deforming forces along the infraorbital rim and the zygomatic arch in high-energy injuries.