[Diagnosis of minimal breast cancers]. / Diagnostika minimálních karcinomu prsní zlázy.

DESIGN: This is a retrospective study evaluating the minimum detection cancers in the group of women mammographically examined in our department. The study covers the period from 1. 1. 2012 to 31. 12. 2012. Interestingly we introduced several interesting case studies. OBJECTIVE: 1. Confirmation upward trend in the number of minimal breast cancers, stage T1. 2. The need for multidisciplinary cooperation for quick minimal surgical intervention and effective cancer treatment. SETTING: Department of Radiology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, Faculty Hospital KV, Prague. METHODS: The methodology is based on a retrospective evaluation of the number of participants, regardless of age, that come for examination the workplace Breast Radiologists in 2012. Of all the tests are then evaluated the number and types of histological proven cancer, focusing on cancer detection stage T1 and other solutions from surgery after cancer treatment. RESULTS: In 2012 it was made in 6700 FNKV screening mammography, of this number, 45 were confirmed malignant tumors in asymptomatic women. In 2012 it was simultaneously performed 2276 diagnostic mammography in women with clinically palpable resistance, and malignant tumors was confirmed in 122 women. Overall, mammographically and ultrasonographically examined 10 146 women for the year 2012. Of the 167 women with histologically confirmed malignant tumor. Brest carcinoma, stage T1, was diagnosed in 34% of patients and 66% of patients were malignant bearing greater than 10mm. The most common histological type of breast cancer in our department during the period from 1. 1. 2012 to 31. 12. 2012 was invasive ductal carcinoma (DIC) and in 82% of invasive lobular carcinoma (LIC) was diagnosed in 10%, mixed DIC and LIC in 4% and other cancers represented 4%. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis mode, core cut biopsy with histological conclusion, preoperative marking bearings in the presence of the surgeon, assessment resection, definitive histology, mammary team, cancer treatment, subsequent postoperative control at one workplace, is in terms of the patient not only effective, individualized and complex, but also cost effective.

[Cooperation between mammologist and radiodiagnostic in the management of mammary leasions in the University Hospital Kralovské Vinohrady]. / Spolupráce mamologa a radiodiagnostika pri managementu mamárních lézí ve FNKV.

Epidemiological datas describing up to date status of diagnostics and oncological parameters (incidence, mortality, prevalence, total number of pacients with breast cancer) are given in the article. Further changes are comented in this field after start of mammografic screening programme in our country in the year 2002. Authors evaluated possibilities of clinical diagnostics performed by mammologist in his ambulance and possibilities and types of invasive and noninvasive (immaging) diagnostic methods performed by radiodiagnostic according mammologist indication. Management of benign and malignant leasions detected and treated in the mammological centre of the University Hospital Královské Vinohrady are mentioned.

Endoglin co-expression with eNOS, SMAD2 and phosphorylated SMAD2/3 in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic mice: an immunohistochemical study.

Endoglin, a homodimeric transmembrane glycoprotein, is a part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor cascade. It has been demonstrated that endoglin can affect TGF-beta signaling and eNOS expression by affecting SMAD proteins in vitro. We planned to go one step forward and evaluate whether endoglin is co-expressed with SMAD2, phosphorylated SMAD2/3 protein and eNOS in endothelium of normocholesterolemic C57BL/6J mice, and in advanced atherosclerotic lesions in hypercholesterolemic apoE/LDLr-deficient mice by means of fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed with a chow diet (standard laboratory diet) for 12 weeks after weaning (at the age of 4 weeks). Two-month-old female apoE/LDLr-deficient mice were fed the western type diet (atherogenic diet) containing 21% fat (11% saturated fat) and 0.15% cholesterol for 2 months. Immunohistochemical analysis of endoglin, SMAD2, phosphorylated SMAD2/3 and eNOS expression was performed in mice aortic sinus. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the expression of endoglin in intact endothelium in both C57BL/6J and apoE/LDLr-deficient mice and in endothelium covering the atherosclerotic lesion in apoE/LDLr-deficient mice. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed co-expression of endoglin with SMAD2, phosphorylated SMAD2/3 and eNOS in intact aortic endothelium in C57BL/6J mice. Moreover, strong co-localization of endoglin, SMAD2, phosphorylated SMAD2/3 and eNOS was also detected in endothelium covering atherosclerotic lesions in apoE/LDLr-deficient mice. In conclusion, we suggest that endoglin, SMAD2, phosphorylated SMAD2/3 and eNOS may be important in vessel endothelium homeostasis underlying their role in atherogenesis.