[Ketamine pharmacokinetics and metabolism after bolus injection of X-ray contrast agents in roentgeno-endovascular interventions in children]. / Farmakokinetika i metabolizm ketamina na fone boliusnogo vvedeniia rentgenokontrastnykh sredstv pri rentgenoéndovaskuliarnykh vmeshatel'stvakh u detei.

The study was carried out on 13 children (2-12 years) subjected to abdominal aortography. The children were divided into 2 groups. Changes in plasma concentrations of ketamine and its metabolism were evaluated during anesthesia after bolus injection of ionic highly osmolar and nonionic low-osmolar x-ray contrast agents (RCA). Injection of an RCA bolus was associated with a 2-fold more rapid drop of the anesthetic concentration in the blood, increase of renal clearance of ketamine and its metabolites; the osmotic effect of ionic highly osmolar and nonionic low-osmolar RCA on ketamine pharmacokinetics virtually did not differ.

Characterization of prednisone, prednisolone and their metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Human urinary metabolites of the synthetic corticosteroids prednisone and prednisolone were detected in the course of gas chromatographic steroid profiling as methoxime-trimethylsilyl derivatives. Metabolites were provisionaly identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major metabolites were 11-keto/11-hydroxy conversion products, 20-hydroxy and 4,5-dihydro analogues of the parent drugs. Cortisone, 6-hydroxy and fully saturated A-ring compounds were minor metabolites. Retention indices and mass spectral data are presented.