RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The present paper focuses on the study of the patterns of genetic microdifferentiation among one of the substructured caste populations of Andhra Pradesh, namely Vysya, with reference to 17 other Telugu speaking populations from the same region of India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 302 individuals from the three Vysya subgroups (101 of Arya Vysya, 100 from Kalinga Vysya and 101 from Thrivarnika) were typed in 17 blood groups and protein polymorphisms. Nei's gene diversity analysis, as well as neighbour-joining tree and UPGMA cluster diagrams, derived from standard genetic distances, R-matrix analysis and a regression model for investigating the patterns of external gene flow and genetic drift due to isolation under the island model, were done at two levels: (1) considering only the three Vysya populations and (2) considering common loci among 20 populations of Andhra Pradesh. RESULTS: Seven of the 17 systems investigated were found to be monomorphic among all the three Vysya groups. The UPGMA tree and bidimensional scaling of the D(2) distances derived from R-matrix analysis show a very distinct cluster of Vysya populations. Application of the model of regression of average heterozygosity versus the distance of populations from the centroid shows the three Vysya populations placed as clear outliers above the theoretical regression line. CONCLUSIONS: Different approaches employed in this study give support to the hypothesis of different origin and/or demographic story for the three Vysya groups compared with other populations of Andhra Pradesh.
Assuntos
Etnicidade/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Índia , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
Five plasma protein polymorphisms--Haptoglobin (HP), Group Specific Component (GC), Transferrin (TF), Albumin (ALB) and Caeruloplasmin (CP)--have been determined in two endogamous populations (Paidies and Valmikies) of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh, South India. The results were compared between the two populations. They revealed significant differences for the TF system only. The results were also compared with those available from other Andhra Pradesh populations.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Etnicidade/genética , Genética Populacional , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Índia , MasculinoRESUMO
We have investigated the clinical, hematological, and molecular genetic characteristics of sickle cell anemia patients from 6 populations of Andhra Pradesh, South India. Of 72 sickle cell chromosomes (HBB*S) 60 belong to characteristic Arab-Indian haplotypes, 6 to variant Arab-Indian haplotypes, 1 to a Bantu haplotype, 2 to a Cameroon haplotype, and 3 to rare haplotypes. This is the first report of a Bantu haplotype in an Indian population. Some information on haplotype characteristics of normal chromosomes (HBB*A) is also presented. The average hemoglobin level was 7.3 g% and mean fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level was 12.6%. The higher HbF levels corroborate earlier observations in sickle cell homozygotes from India. Clinical investigations have revealed splenomegaly and painful crises as the most common features in these patients.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/etnologia , Anemia Falciforme/genética , Genética Populacional , Haplótipos/genética , Hemoglobinas/genética , População Branca/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Sequência de Bases , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Vigilância da População , População Rural , Estudos de Amostragem , Arábia Saudita/etnologia , Senegal/etnologiaRESUMO
Sickle cell haemoglobin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency have been investigated in two endogamous subgroups of the Rellis, a scheduled caste population of Visakhapatnam of Andhra Pradesh (South India). The frequency for the sickle cell gene is higher among Relli-I (0.1216) than in Relli-II (0.0454). The incidence of G-6-PD deficiency is higher among Relli-II (0.0454) than in Relli-I (0.0328). The results were also compared with those available from other Andhra Pradesh populations.
Assuntos
Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/genética , Hemoglobina Falciforme/genética , Feminino , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/epidemiologia , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Vigilância da PopulaçãoRESUMO
Group specific component (GC), Haptoglobin (HP), Transferrin (TF), Caeruloplasmin (CP) and Albumin (Alb) plasma protein genes were studied in two endogamous Viswa subpopulations, the Viswa Brahmin caste and an artisan community (goldsmiths and carpenters) from Visakhapatnam (Coastal Andhra Pradesh, South India). No significant differences were found between the two subpopulations. The results were also compared with those available for other Andhra populations.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Índia , Fenótipo , Transferrina/genéticaRESUMO
This paper reports an extremely rare variant phenotype of Superoxide Dismutase (SODA 2) in a female individual belonging to the Shia Muslim population of Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, South India whose parents are not consanguineous. This is the third report in the world so far. The corresponding SODA phenotype of other family members of the proposita were also investigated. The results and their significance are discussed in the light of earlier works in India and world populations.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Criança , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Índia , Islamismo , Masculino , FenótipoRESUMO
Genetic affinities between the migrant groups of fishermen from Puri and their parental counterparts in the Southern areas were examined using 11 genetic loci: four blood groups, five red cell enzymes, and two serum proteins. The samples for the parental populations (about 430 subjects) were drawn from 34 villages spread along the 400 km coast in Ganjam district of Orissa and the contiguous Srikakulam, Vishakhapatnam, and East Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh. Significant departures between the migrant groups and their parental counterparts were observed at some loci, although the configuration of interpopulation distances among the migrants mimicked that of the parental populations. While the observed differences may be due to a founder effect and subsequent random genetic drift in at least two of the three small populations, given high child mortality and the systematic nature of differences observed, the role of selection cannot be totally ruled out. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Assuntos
Mucopolissacaridose III , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Índia , Mucopolissacaridose III/genética , LinhagemRESUMO
Sickle cell haemoglobin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency are reported for Dhobis, a washerman caste population of Visakhapatnam city, Andhra Pradesh, India. The results are compared with those of other caste populations from Andhra Pradesh.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Países em Desenvolvimento , Etnicidade/genética , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/genética , Doença da Hemoglobina SC/genética , Hemoglobina Falciforme/genética , Adulto , Consanguinidade , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genética Populacional , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , FenótipoRESUMO
Four plasma protein polymorphisms: Group specific Component (GC), Haptoglobin (HP), Transferrin (TF) and Caeruloplasmin (CP), have been determined in two endogamous populations (Mala and Madiga) of Visakhapatnam of Coastal Andhra Pradesh, South India. The results were compared between the two caste populations and they revealed no significant differences. The results were also compared with those available from other Andhra populations.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Ceruloplasmina/genética , Frequência do Gene , Haptoglobinas/genética , Humanos , Índia , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo Genético , Transferrina/genética , Proteína de Ligação a Vitamina D/genéticaRESUMO
Phenotype and gene frequencies of two blood group and four red cell enzyme systems were examined in a Konda Kapu tribal sample of Coastal Andhra Pradesh, South India. The gene frequencies for these systems in Konda Kapus indicate the middle range values for Andhra Pradesh tribal populations, excepting the ADA and Rh(D) systems, where extreme range values are found. Further, gene flow is indicated between the Konda Kapus under study and Plain Kapus, a neighbouring caste population by calculation of Fi estimates.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Carboxilesterase , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Etnicidade/genética , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Fosfatase Ácida/genética , Adenosina Desaminase/genética , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Fenótipo , Fosfoglucomutase/genéticaRESUMO
Haemolysate and plasma samples from Brahmin and Kamma caste populations of coastal Andhra Pradesh have been examined by electrophoresis on horizontal starch gels for red-cell enzymes and plasma proteins, namely ACP, SOD, LDH, MDH, Hp, Tf, Cp and ALB. Higher frequencies compared to other populations for ACPb and Hp2 alleles were recorded. The only variant found is one Tf C-slow phenotype among the Kammas, and the rest of the loci studied are monomorphic.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Enzimas/genética , Etnicidade , Frequência do Gene , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Fenótipo , Classe SocialRESUMO
Seven tribal (Konda Kammara - 2 samples; Koya Dora - 3 samples; Lambadi) and caste (Madiga) populations from Andhra Pradesh (South India) have been analyzed for the distribution of Gc subtypes. The observed heterogeneity in the distribution of Gc1F, Gc1S and Gc2 alleles was found to be statistically significant. Comparisons are made with North Indian populations as well as with those of other racial affiliation. The anthropological impact of the Gc subtype polymorphism is discussed.
Assuntos
Etnicidade , Proteína de Ligação a Vitamina D/genética , Alelos , Eletroforese das Proteínas Sanguíneas , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Grupos Raciais , Proteína de Ligação a Vitamina D/sangueRESUMO
Haemolysate samples from two caste populations, namely Brahmin and Kamma from coastal Andhra Pradesh, India, were typed for acid phosphatase by using starch gel electrophoresis with the discontinuous buffer system. The sample includes 225 Brahmins and 221 Kammas. Only A, B and AB phenotypes were observed and a statistically significant difference was found between the two caste groups in their acid phosphatase distribution. An association of higher B gene frequency with non-vegetarian diet is also suggested.
Assuntos
Fosfatase Ácida/genética , Adulto , Etnicidade , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , FenótipoRESUMO
The present paper reports the distribution of blood groups and ABH saliva secretion in two Andhra tribal populations: the Koya Dora and the Konda Kammara. 100 Koya Dora and nearly 110 Konda Kammara adults of both sexes were tested for A1A2BO, MN, Rh (CcDEe) blood groups and ABH saliva secretion. The gene frequencies for A1A2BO, MN and ABH and the gene as well as chromosome frequencies for Rh (CcDEe) systems were calculated. Koya Doras show a higher incidence of A gene than B gene, while the reverse trend is seen in Konda Kammaras. Both the tribes show a high M gene frequency. No Rh(D) negative individual was found in Koya Doras, while 4.59% of Konda Kammaras are Rh(D) negative. The chromosomes CDE, CdE, cDe, cdE, Cde and cde are absent in Koya Doras, while only the four chromosomes CDE, CdE, cDe and cdE are absent in Konda Kammaras. The chromosome CDe shows the highest frequency in both the tribes. The frequency of secretors is, as usual, higher than that of nonsecretors in both the tribes. The intergroup variation between the two tribes is not statistically significant for MN, Rh (CcDEe) and ABH systems, while the difference is significant for the A1A2BO blood groups. Suitable comparisons have also been made with all the other available data from Andhra Pradesh tribal populations with respect to different systems studied. Finally Fi estimates have been calculated after Harpending et al. (1973) and Workman et al. (1974) for Koya Doras and Konda Kammaras to assess their degree of endogamy, considering the codominant systems studied, which suggest that Koya Doras are relatively more isolated than Konda Kammaras.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Etnicidade , Genética Populacional , Saliva/análise , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Índia , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo MNSs/genética , Fenótipo , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/genéticaRESUMO
Blood specimens from Brahmin and Kamma caste populations of Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India are examined for A1A2BO, MNSs, and Rhesus blood groups. Predominance of A group in Brahmins and B group in Kammas is observed. Phenotype A2 records less than 4% in both populations. High frequencies of genes M, s, D, and e are exhibited among both populations. Statistically significant differences are found only for A1A2BO system between Brahmins and Kammas.
Assuntos
Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Frequência do Gene , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo MNSs/genética , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/genética , População Branca , Humanos , Índia , Fenótipo , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
A total of 209 persons belonging to the Koya Dora and Konda Kammara tribes in the East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh, have been tested for electrophoretic variation in 9 red cell enzyme systems. The gene frequencies for the systems showing variation are, in general, within the range for other Andhra Pradesh tribal populations. There is 1 example of PHI 2-1 in the Konda Kammara, while 1 case each of PHI 3-1 and 2-1 are reported in the Koya Dora. In PGM1, there is one example of the 6-2 phenotype and one of 4-1 in the Koya Dora. The Koya Dora show a relatively lower frequency of the EsD2 allele compared to the Konda Kammara. The gene frequencies for the GLO system are reported here for the first time among Indian tribals and these are within the Indian range. LDH Calcutta 1 was not detected in either population.
Assuntos
Carboxilesterase , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Etnicidade , Variação Genética , Fosfatase Ácida/genética , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/genética , Frequência do Gene , Glucose-6-Fosfato Isomerase/genética , Humanos , Índia/etnologia , Lactoilglutationa Liase/genética , Fenótipo , Fosfoglucomutase/genética , Fosfogluconato Desidrogenase/genéticaAssuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Dobras Cutâneas , Adulto , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , População Rural , População UrbanaRESUMO
Transferrin subtypings have been performed on three population samples originating from Himachal Pradesh, North India (Pangwala, Gaddi-Bharmour valley, Gaddi-Kangra district) and on three samples from Andhra Pradesh, South India (Koya, Konda Kammara, Lambadi). Among these six populations, marked differences in the distribution of Tf phenotype and allele frequencies are present. All Indian samples differ clearly from the hitherto reported TfC1 and TfC2 allele frequencies. In one of our Indian samples, the Pangwala, the most likely existence of a new Tf subtype variant (Tf Pangwala) could be demonstrated.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Transferrina/genética , Alelos , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Índia , FenótipoRESUMO
The frequency distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups among the Konda Kammaras, a tribal population of Andhra Pradesh has been presented. In the ABO system (n = 125) the adjusted frequencies were: p = 0.2202, q = 0.1802 and r = 0.5996. The gene frequency (n = 123) of the Rh (D) negative trait was 0.2017. The results are compared with those from the neighbouring tribal and caste populations.
