Clinical effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri in the treatment of peri-implant diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the last decades, the presence of peri-implant diseases (PD) has increased. One of the therapies currently used is probiotics with Lactobacillus reuteri (LR). The aim of this article is to determinate, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the clinical effectiveness of LR in the treatment of PD. We searched the literature until January 2021, in the biomedical databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, SIGLE, LILACS, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials. The selection criteria of the studies were: randomized controlled clinical trials, without language and time restriction, reporting the clinical effects (depth to probing, plaque index and bleeding index) of the LR in the PD treatment. The risk of study bias was analyzed through the Cochrane tool for randomized studies using Review Manager software. The search strategy resulted in 6 articles of which four investigated peri-implantitis and three peri-implant mucositis. All studies reported that there was a difference in the depth of the probing in the treatment of PD, in favor of the group using LR, though not always achieving significance. The use of LR can be clinically effective in terms of pocket depth reduction in the treatment of PD.

Candida bloodstream infection in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics and mortality of patients with Candida bloodstream infection and systemic autoimmune diseases. METHODS: We performed a retrospective multicenter study of candidemia in adults with systemic autoimmune diseases between 2010 and 2016. RESULTS: Among 1040 patients with candidemia, 36 (3.5%) had a systemic autoimmune disease. The most common systemic autoimmune disease was rheumatoid arthritis (27.8%). The most common species was Candida albicans (66.7%). Twenty-two (61.1%) patients received a corticosteroid therapy and nine (25%) received an immunosuppressive therapy at the time of candidemia. The mortality rate was 27.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic autoimmune diseases are not common in patients with candidemia. The unadjusted mortality rate was comparable to other candidemia studies in the general population.

Oncobiome at the Forefront of a Novel Molecular Mechanism to Understand the Microbiome and Cancer.

The microbiome comprises all the genetic material within a microbiota, that represents tenfold higher than that of our cells. The microbiota it includes a wide variety of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoans, fungi, and archaea, and this ecosystem is personalized in any body space of every individual. Balanced microbial communities can positively contribute to training the immune system and maintaining immune homeostasis. Dysbiosis is a change in the normal microbiome composition that can initiate chronic inflammation, epithelial barrier breaches, and overgrowth of harmful bacteria. The next-generation sequencing methods have revolutionized the study of the microbiome. Bioinformatic tools to manage large volumes of new information, it became possible to assess species diversity and measure dynamic fluctuations in microbial communities. The burden of infections that are associated to human cancer is increasing but is underappreciated by the cancer research community. The rich content in microbes of normal and tumoral tissue reflect could be defining diverse physiological or pathological states. Genomic research has emerged a new focus on the interplay between the human microbiome and carcinogenesis and has been termed the 'oncobiome'. The interactions among the microbiota in all epithelium, induce changes in the host immune interactions and can be a cause of cancer. Microbes have been shown to have systemic effects on the host that influence the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Metagenomics allows to investigate the composition of microbial community. Metatranscriptome analysis applies RNA sequencing to microbial samples to determine which species are present. Cancer can be caused by changes in the microbiome. The roles of individual microbial species in cancer progression have been identified long ago for various tissue types. The identification of microbiomes of drug resistance in the treatment of cancer patients has been the subject of numerous microbiome studies. The complexity of cancer genetic alterations becomes irrelevant in certain cancers to explain the origin, the cause or the oncogenic maintenance by the oncogene addiction theory.

The updated Charlson comorbidity index is a useful predictor of mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.

The objective was to compare the performance of the updated Charlson comorbidity index (uCCI) and classical CCI (cCCI) in predicting 30-day mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB). All cases of SAB in patients aged ⩾14 years identified at the Microbiology Unit were included prospectively and followed. Comorbidity was evaluated using the cCCI and uCCI. Relevant variables associated with SAB-related mortality, along with cCCI or uCCI scores, were entered into multivariate logistic regression models. Global model fit, model calibration and predictive validity of each model were evaluated and compared. In total, 257 episodes of SAB in 239 patients were included (mean age 74 years; 65% were male). The mean cCCI and uCCI scores were 3.6 (standard deviation, 2.4) and 2.9 (2.3), respectively; 161 (63%) cases had cCCI score ⩾3 and 89 (35%) cases had uCCI score ⩾4. Sixty-five (25%) patients died within 30 days. The cCCI score was not related to mortality in any model, but uCCI score ⩾4 was an independent factor of 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-3.74). The uCCI is a more up-to-date, refined and parsimonious prognostic mortality score than the cCCI; it may thus serve better than the latter in the identification of patients with SAB with worse prognoses.

Effectiveness of combination therapy versus monotherapy with a third-generation cephalosporin in bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia: A propensity score analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Combining a macrolide or a fluoroquinolone to beta-lactam regimens in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia is recommended by the international guidelines. However, the information in patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia is limited. METHODS: A propensity score technique was used to analyze prospectively collected data from all patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia admitted from 2000 to 2015 in our institution, who had received empirical treatment with third-generation cephalosporin in monotherapy or plus macrolide or fluoroquinolone. RESULTS: We included 69 patients in the monotherapy group and 314 in the combination group. After adjustment by PS for receiving monotherapy, 30-day mortality (OR 2.89; 95% CI 1.07-7.84) was significantly higher in monotherapy group. A higher 30-day mortality was observed in monotherapy group in both 1:1 and 1:2 matched samples although it was statistically significant only in 1:2 sample (OR: 3.50 (95% CI 1.03-11.96), P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that in bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia, empirical therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin plus a macrolide or a fluoroquinolone is associated with a lower mortality rate than beta-lactams in monotherapy. These results support the recommendation of combination therapy in patients requiring admission with moderate to severe disease.

[Long-term effect of policosanol on the functional recovery of non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke patients: a one year study]. / Efecto a largo plazo del policosanol en la recuperacion funcional de pacientes con ictus isquemico no cardioembolico: estudio de un año.

INTRODUCTION: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability. Policosanol has been effective in brain ischemia models. The aim of this study is to investigate whether policosanol, added to aspirin therapy within 30 days of stroke onset, is better than placebo + aspirine for the long-term recovery of non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eighty patients (mean age: 69 years) within 30 days of onset, with a modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) 2 to 4, were included. They were randomized in two groups (policosanol + aspirine or placebo + aspirine) for 12 months. RESULTS: Policosanol + aspirine decreased significantly mean mRS from the first interim check-up (1.5 months). The treatment even improved after long-term therapy. More policosanol + aspirin (87.5%) than placebo + aspirine (0%) patients achieved mRSs <= 1. Policosanol + aspirine increased significantly Barthel Index, lowered LDL-cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol versus placebo + aspirin. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term (12 months) administration of policosanol + aspirin given after suffering non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke was shown to be better than placebo + aspirin in improving functional outcomes when used among patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke of moderate severity.

TITLE: Efecto a largo plazo del policosanol en la recuperacion funcional de pacientes con ictus isquemico no cardioembolico: estudio de un año.Introduccion. El ictus es una causa principal de mortalidad y discapacidad. El policosanol ha sido eficaz en modelos de isquemia cerebral. Este estudio investiga si el tratamiento a largo plazo con policosanol, añadido a la terapia con acido acetilsalicilico (AAS), dentro de los 30 dias posteriores a un ictus, es mejor que el placebo + AAS en la recuperacion de los pacientes. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo. Se incluyeron 80 pacientes (edad media: 69 años) que sufrieron un ictus en los 30 dias previos y con una puntuacion de 2-4 en la escala de Rankin modificada (mRS). Se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en dos grupos y recibieron policosanol + AAS o placebo + AAS durante 12 meses. Resultados. El tratamiento con policosanol + AAS disminuyo significativamente la puntuacion en la mRS desde el primer control intermedio (1,5 meses). El efecto del tratamiento incluso mejoro con la terapia a largo plazo. El numero de pacientes que alcanzaron valores de mRS menores o iguales a 1 fue superior en el grupo de policosanol + AAS (87,5%) que en el de placebo + AAS (0%). El tratamiento con policosanol + AAS aumento significativamente el indice de Barthel, disminuyo el colesterol LDL y aumento el colesterol HDL frente a placebo + AAS. Conclusiones. El tratamiento a largo plazo (12 meses) con policosanol + AAS fue mas efectivo que el tratamiento con placebo + AAS en la recuperacion funcional de los pacientes despues de sufrir un ictus isquemico no cardioembolico de moderada gravedad.

Propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de percepción de justicia en la lectura de la prensa deportiva / Propriedades psicométricas da percepção da justiça na leitura do esporte / Psychometric properties of the perception of justice in reading sport press questionnaire

Introducción. El presente estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de percepción de justicia en la lectura de la prensa deportiva. Apoyados en la teoría organizacional del ámbito del trabajo (Greenberg, 1987) y en el cuestionario de percepción de justicia de Colquitt (2001), se adaptaron los conceptos al ámbito de la prensa deportiva, dado que no existen instrumentos que midan la influencia de la lectura de la prensa deportiva sobre la percepción de justicia de los lectores. Método. La muestra se compuso de 220 participantes, 166 hombres y 54 mujeres, con edades de 20,72 ± 3,08 años (18-41 años). Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio para analizar la estructura factorial del cuestionario con dos submuestras divididas aleatoriamente. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron la viabilidad y adecuación de una estructura con tres factores (justicia informacional, justicia interpersonal, justicia distributiva) con adecuados índices de ajuste de validez y fiabilidad, mostrando evidencias consistentes de la estructura factorial obtenida. Discusión. Disponer de un instrumento válido para medir la percepción de justicia que origina la lectura de la prensa deportiva en los lectores podrá en el futuro originar líneas de investigación de gran interés social y científico. Estas líneas podrán abrir nuevos conocimientos en la psicología del deporte que nos permitan actuar de modo más adecuado en el tratamiento de los eventos deportivos mediáticos (AU)

Introduction. The present study analyzes the psychometric properties of the perceived justice in reading sport press questionnaire. The concepts of the organizational theory of Greenberg (1987) and the perception of justice questionnaire of Colquitt (2001) within the job sphere were adapted to the sport press domain. Tis, due to the fact that there does not exist an instrument that measures the influence of sport press reading on the perception of justice in sport press readers. Method. The sample consisted of 220 university students (166 men y 54 women, with an average age of 20.72 ± 3.08 years). Exploratory and confirmatory analyses were conducted in order to analyze the factorial structure of the questionnaire within two different sub-samples randomly divided. Results. The results showed the viability and adequacy of a three-factor structure (informational justice, interpersonal justice, distributive justice) with adequate fit indices of reliability and validity, and showing strong evidences of stability of the obtained factorial structure. Discussion. Having a valid instrument for measuring the perceived justice of readers caused by the reading of sport press could give rise to new research lines in the area of sport psychology. These research lines could cause new knowledge in the future for sport psychology, which could indicate a better way to act in in sport media events (AU)

Introdução. O presente estudo analisa as propriedades psicométricas do questionário de percepção de justiça na leitura da imprensa esportiva. Com suporte na teoria da organização do âmbito do trabalho (Greenberg, 1987) e no questionário de equidade percebida de Colquitt (2001), os conceitos adaptaram-se à imprensa esportiva, dado que não existem instrumentos para medir a influência da leitura de imprensa esportiva sobre a justiça percebida dos leitores. Método. A amostra foi composta de 220 estudantes universitários (166 homens e 54 mulheres, idade média = 20,72 ± 3,08 anos). Análises exploratórias e confirmatórias foram realizadas com a finalidade de analisar a estrutura fatorial do questionário. Resultados. Os resultados mostraram a viabilidade e adequação de uma estrutura de três factores (justiça da informação, justiça interpessoal, justiça da distribuição), com índices de ajuste de validade e confiabilidade adequados, evidências consistentes da estrutura fatorial obtida. Discussão. Ter um instrumento válido para medir a percepção de justiça dos leitores de imprensa esportiva poderá no futuro originar linhas de investigação de grande interesse social e científico. Essas linhas poderám abrir novos conhecimentos em psicologia do esporte, que nos permitam agir da forma mais adequada no tratamento dos eventos esportivos midiáticos (AU)

Braf V600E mutation in melanoma: translational current scenario

Melanoma was one of the translational cancer examples in clinic, including target therapy related to specific biomarkers impacting in the outcome of melanoma patients. Melanomagenesis involved a wide variety of mutations during his evolution; many of these mutated proteins have a kinase activity. One of the most cited proteins in melanoma is BRAF (about 50-60 % of melanomas harbors activating BRAF mutations), for these the most common is a substitution of valine to glutamic acid at codon 600 (p.V600E). Therefore, the precise identification of this underlying somatic mutation is essential; knowing the translational implications has opened a wide view of melanoma biology and therapy (AU)

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Assessment of a multi-modal intervention for the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) represent an important healthcare burden. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of an evidence-based multi-modal, multi-disciplinary intervention intended to improve outcomes by reducing the use of urinary catheters (UCs) and minimizing the incidence of CAUTIs in the internal medicine department of a university hospital. METHODS: A multi-modal intervention was developed, including training sessions, urinary catheterization reminders, surveillance systems, and mechanisms for staff feedback of results. The frequency of UC use and incidence of CAUTIs were recorded in three-month periods before (P1) and during the intervention (P2). FINDINGS: The catheterization rate decreased significantly during P2 [27.8% vs 16.9%; relative risk (RR): 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-0.65]. We also observed a reduction in CAUTI risk (18.3 vs 9.8%; RR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.30-0.93), a reduction in the CAUTI rate per 1000 patient-days [5.5 vs 2.8; incidence ratio (IR): 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28-0.94], and a non-significant decrease in the CAUTI rate per 1000 catheter-days (19.3 vs 16.9; IR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.46-1.55). CONCLUSION: The multi-modal intervention was effective in reducing the catheterization rate and the frequency of CAUTIs.

Braf V600E mutation in melanoma: translational current scenario.

Melanoma was one of the translational cancer examples in clinic, including target therapy related to specific biomarkers impacting in the outcome of melanoma patients. Melanomagenesis involved a wide variety of mutations during his evolution; many of these mutated proteins have a kinase activity. One of the most cited proteins in melanoma is BRAF (about 50-60 % of melanomas harbors activating BRAF mutations), for these the most common is a substitution of valine to glutamic acid at codon 600 (p.V600E). Therefore, the precise identification of this underlying somatic mutation is essential; knowing the translational implications has opened a wide view of melanoma biology and therapy.

Encefalitis por anticuerpos anti-NMDA en pediatría: una entidad potencialmente tratable / Anti-NMDA antibody encephalitis in paediatrics: A potentially treatable condition

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Mujer fértil con rectorragia periódica / Fertile woman with periodic rectal bleeding

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Molecularly imprinted polymer for selective determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid using LC-MS/MS in urine and oral fluid.

The use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for solid phase extraction (MISPE) allows a rapid and selective extraction compared with traditional methods. Determination of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 11-nor-Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) in oral fluid (OF) and urine was performed using homemade MISPEs for sample clean-up and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Cylindrical MISPE shaped pills were synthesized using catechin as a mimic template. MISPEs were added to 0.5 mL OF or urine sample and sonicated 30 min for adsorption of analytes. For desorption, the MISPE was transfered to a clean tube, and sonicated for 15 min with 2 mL acetone:acetonitrile (3:1, v/v). The elution solvent was evaporated and reconstituted in mobile phase. Chromatographic separation was performed using a SunFire C18 (2.5 µm; 2.1 × 20 mm) column, and formic acid 0.1% and acetonitrile as mobile phase, with a total run time of 5 min. The method was fully validated including selectivity (no endogenous or exogenous interferences), linearity (1-500 ng/mL in OF, and 2.5-500 ng/mL in urine), limit of detection (0.75 and 1 ng/mL in OF and urine, respectively), imprecision (%CV <12.3%), accuracy (98.2-107.0% of target), extraction recovery (15.9-53.5%), process efficiency (10.1-46.2%), and matrix effect (<-55%). Analytes were stable for 72 h in the autosampler. Dilution 1:10 was assured in OF, and Quantisal™ matrix effect showed ion suppression (<-80.4%). The method was applied to the analysis of 20 OF and 11 urine specimens. This is the first method for determination of THC and THC-COOH in OF using MISPE technology.

First Report of Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) of Roses in Sinaloa, Mexico.

Rose (Rosa spp.) is the most important ornamental plant cultivated in greenhouse and open fields in Mexico but its quality has been limited by powdery mildew (PM). High incidence and disease damage is common during winter in Sinaloa, Mexico (temperature range 18 to 25°C and prolonged episodes of relative humidity ≥90%). The fungus attacks leaves and flowers and grows abundantly on the pedicels, sepals, and receptacles, especially when the flower bud is unopened (2). Field advisors in Mexico have referred to Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr. ex Fr.) Lév. as a causal agent of the disease. However, there has not been solid scientific evidence to support this statement. Morphometric and molecular analysis were conducted to elucidate the identity of the fungal isolates collected from 2012 through 2013 in northern Sinaloa. PM specimens included eight different rose varieties. Conidiophores and conidia were observed under a compound microscope. The mycelium had a mean diameter of 4.7 to 6.0 µm; conidiophores (Euoidium type) 2 to 5 celled, occasionally 6 celled emerged from the superficial mycelium; conidiophores were unbranched with conidia produced in chains from the apex. The average length of the conidiophores was 54.9 to 98.0 µm; the foot cell of the conidiophores was straight and was 24.9 to 53.6 µm long with a diameter from 8.2 to 9.8 µm across its medium part. Conidia originated from unswollen conidiogenous cells, with fibrosin bodies, formed in long chains, and were cylindrical to ovoid, 25.8 to 30.4 µm long and 13.9 to 17.3 µm wide. The outline of the conidial chains was crenate. Conidia exhibited a slight constriction at one end. The germ tubes emerged from a shoulder of the conidia. The outer wall of partially collapsed conidia showed longitudinal and transversal wrinkling and slight constrictions at the ends; the terminal end of the conidia was concentrically ridged. For molecular characterization, the ITS region of the specimens was amplified with primers ITS1F and ITS4. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with MEGA 6.0 (bootstrap = 1,000) using Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) substitution model. The resulting phylogeny grouped our specimens (GenBank KM001665 to 69) within a clade of Podosphaera pannosa (Wall.: Fr.) de Bary (formerly known as Sphaerotheca pannosa) sequences (e.g., AB525938; bootstrap (1,000) = 98). Phylogenetic and morphometric data are in agreement with descriptions of the anamorphic P. pannosa (1,3). Morphological studies indicate that P. macularis (previously known as S. humuli) and P. pannosa are not indistinctly different (2). Phylogenetic analysis showed relationship to P. pannosa, but not to P. macularis. Typical symptoms caused by P. pannosa were observed. Morphological studies (4) reported the anamorph of P. pannosa on Rosa spp. in central Mexico. To date, no report exists on the molecular identification of P. pannosa associated to roses in northern Sinaloa, Mexico. Future research directions should focus on finding the teleomorph of the fungus to support its identity, and to explore disease management tools such as effective fungicides and developing resistant rose cultivars. References: (1) U. Braun et al. Page 13 in: The Powdery Mildews: A Comprehensive Treatise. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, 2002. (2) R. K. Horst. Compendium of Rose Diseases. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, 1983. (3) L. Leus et al. J. Phytopathol. 154:23, 2006. (4) Yañez-Morales et al. Some new reports and new species of powdery mildew from Mexico. Schlechtendalia 19:46, 2009.

Absorption and excretion of organophosphorous insecticide biomarkers of malathion in the rat: implications for overestimation bias and exposure misclassification from environmental biomonitoring.

Malathion is an organophosphorous (OP) insecticide widely used for crop protection. Its degradates, malathiondiacid (MDA), malathion monoacid (MMA), dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) and dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP) are formed in strawberries and other produce. These same chemical biomarkers are measured in urine in human studies as quantitative measures of exposure. The excretion of malathion and its common biomarkers including MDA, MMA, DMP, DMTP and DMDTP at equal molar doses (73 µmol/kg b.w.) was studied following oral dosing of female Holtzmann rats (240-300 g). Following MDA administration, 36.3±5.4% was recovered as MDA, 0.05±0.02% as DMP, 5.5±0.3% as DMTP, 3.8±2.9% as DMDTP (mole percent), and totally 45.6±7.0% of administered dose in urine after 120 h (over 94% in the first 24h). Following DMTP administration, 8.3±7.7% was recovered as DMP, 46.6±16.5% as DMTP, and totally 55.0±10.3% of administered dose in urine after 120 h (over 92% in the first 24h). Similar results were obtained with other malathion biomarkers. Preformed biomarkers of malathion and other OP insecticides when ingested in produce are readily absorbed and excreted. Low level human dietary and non-occupational urine biomonitoring studies will be confounded by preformed pesticide biomarkers used to infer potential human pesticide exposure. This has profound implications for epidemiology studies where subject's biomarker excretion is used as a surrogate for OP exposures that cannot be related to a particular insecticide residue.