Transcriptional Activation of a Pro-Inflammatory Response (NF-κB, AP-1, IL-1ß) by the Vibrio cholerae Cytotoxin (VCC) Monomer through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in the THP-1 Human Macrophage Cell Line.

This study describes, to some extent, the VCC contribution as an early stimulation of the macrophage lineage. Regarding the onset of the innate immune response caused by infection, the ß form of IL-1 is the most important interleukin involved in the onset of the inflammatory innate response. Activated macrophages treated in vitro with VCC induced the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in a one-hour period, with the activation of transcriptional regulators for a surviving and pro-inflammatory response, suggesting an explanation inspired and supported by the inflammasome physiology. The mechanism of IL-1ß production induced by VCC has been gracefully outlined in murine models, using bacterial knockdown mutants and purified molecules; nevertheless, the knowledge of this mechanism in the human immune system is still under study. This work shows the soluble form of 65 kDa of the Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin (also known as hemolysin), as it is secreted by the bacteria, inducing the production of IL-1ß in the human macrophage cell line THP-1. The mechanism involves triggering the early activation of the signaling pathway MAPKs pERK and p38, with the subsequent activation of (p50) NF-κB and AP-1 (cJun and cFos), determined by real-time quantitation. The evidence shown here supports that the monomeric soluble form of the VCC in the macrophage acts as a modulator of the innate immune response, which is consistent with the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome actively releasing IL-1ß.

Overview of treatments used in transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a systematic review of the literature to analyse the efficacy and safety of treatments available or under investigation for amyloidosis due to mutations in the transthyretin gene (ATTR). METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out in the following electronic databases up to September 2017: PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE. The inclusion criteria were: efficacy and/or safety studies conducted in humans, studies that included treatments, including treatments in the research phase, and studies that included 10 or more patients. RESULTS: A total of 21 articles were included; 16 were clinical trials, eight of them (50%) phase III trials, and five were observational studies. Of the total number of studies selected, 11 were on tafamidis, four on diflunisal, two on liver transplantation, two on patisiran and two on other therapeutic alternatives. Of the 11 studies related to the drug, the pivotal trial, the results of its two extension studies and an additional post hoc analysis were selected. In addition, two phase III trials were included in specific populations, two phase II studies, one safety study and two observational studies. Regarding the four included studies related to the drug, one was the pivotal trial that gave the indication to diflunisal, another a safety summary of the pivotal trial, and the other two trials were carried out in specific populations, one in a Japanese population and another phase I trial in cardiac amyloidosis in the USA. As far as other alternatives are concerned, of the six studies included in this section, two were related to liver transplantation, two to patisiran and two to different therapeutic alternatives. CONCLUSIONS: Sufficient evidence has not been found that demonstrates superiority among the available oral alternatives, diflunisal or tafamidis, in the treatment of ATTR. Direct comparisons between both drugs and pharmacoeconomic studies would be necessary to select the most efficient treatment.

Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica en el tratamiento de la oclusión de la arteria central de la retina / Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion

No disponible

Emotional, physical, and social needs among 0-5-year-old children displaced by the 2010 Chilean earthquake: associated characteristics and exposures.

An 8.8-magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Chile on 27 February 2010, displacing nearly 2,000 children aged less than five years to emergency housing camps. Nine months later, this study assessed the needs of 140 displaced 0-5-year-old children in six domains: caregiver stability and protection; health; housing; nutrition; psychosocial situation; and stimulation. Multivariate regression was applied to examine the degree to which emotional, physical, and social needs were associated with baseline characteristics and exposure to the earthquake, to stressful events, and to ongoing risks in the proximal post-earthquake context. In each domain, 20 per cent or fewer children had unmet needs. Of all children in the sample, 20 per cent had unmet needs in multiple domains. Children's emotional, physical, and social needs were associated with ongoing exposures amenable to intervention, more than with baseline characteristics or epicentre proximity. Relief efforts should address multiple interrelated domains of child well-being and ongoing risks in post-disaster settings.

Enfermería y Salud 2.0: Recursos TICs en el ámbito sanitario / Nursing and Health 2.0: ICTs resources in the health sector

En el momento actual, se hace preciso optimizar los recursos sanitarios con el fin de lograr un coste-beneficio asumible para cualquier sistema de salud, dado que los recursos económicos son escasos. La Enfermería no debe ser ajena al progreso de los avances informáticos y debe valerse de ellos para evolucionar al mismo ritmo que estas nuevas tecnologías lo hacen. La aparición de Internet y sus derivados (redes sociales, foros, páginas Webs, etc.) que se engloban dentro de las denominadas Tecnologías de la Información (TICs), suponen herramientas muy interesantes aplicables en el sector sanitario. Este trabajo plantea la revisión y el análisis del momento actual en que se encuentran estos avances informáticos aplicados al campo de la salud

At present, it's necessary to optimize health resources in order to achieve a cost-benefit acceptable for any health system, since financial resources are scarce. Nursing should not ignore the progress of computer advances and must rely on them to evolve to keep pace with these new technologies do. The emergence of the Internet and its derivatives (social networks, forums, websites, etc) that fall within the so-called Information Technologies (ICTs) represent interesting tools applicable in the health sector. This paper focuses on the review and analysis of the present situation in which these computer advances are applied to the field of health

Changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells glutamine synthetase mRNA after exercise in healthy volunteers: exploring an alternative proposal for non hepatic ammonia metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a central role in the inter-organ metabolism of ammonia and hepatic encephalopathy. The main objective of the present work was to disclose the possible effect of exercise on GS mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) within a group of healthy volunteers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PBMC were studied instead of skeletal muscle because of ethical concerns. Characterization of GS in lymphocytes was carried out by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot. After a pilot trial, expression of GS mRNA in PBMC was assayed by serial measurements in healthy volunteers who had exercised on a treadmill, and on a control group who had not. Muscle mass was estimated by bioimpedance. RESULTS: Cytoplasmic GS had a molecular weight of 44 kDa. Serial measurements of its mRNA demonstrated an increase in the treadmill (n = 29), but not in the control group (n = 13) (p < 0.05). Peak expression occurred at 1 h in males and at 6 h in females. There was a positive correlation between muscle mass and the increase of the enzyme mRNA after exercise. CONCLUSION: Exercise can increase the expression of GS mRNA in PBMC in healthy volunteers. Based on these preliminary results and on well-established physiological concepts, a hypothesis for non-hepatic ammonia metabolism is conceived. In the future could become part of the treatment of low-grade hepatic encephalopathy.

Rutinas de sueño y ajuste adolescente / Sleep routines and adolescent adjustment

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio en el que se describen las rutinas de sueño de una muestra de 2400 adolescentes andaluces con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años y su relación con tres indicadores de ajuste psicológico, como son el consumo de sustancias, los problemas interiorizados y los exteriorizados, ambos evaluados mediante el “Autoinforme juvenil” (Youth Self Report, YSR; Achenbach, 1991). Los resultados indican que, sobre todo entre los adolescentes de más edad, hay un importante déficit de sueño los días de colegio y un retraso en la hora de acostarse durante los fines de semana. Estas rutinas de sueño se mostraron significativamente relacionadas con el ajuste psicológico, ya que aquellos que declararon dormir menos horas y que se acostaban más tarde los fines de semana presentaron un peor ajuste emocional y conductual. Se sugiere la importancia de poner en marcha algunas medidas que permitan a los adolescentes unas rutinas de sueño más saludables (AU)

This paper presents the results of a study that describes the sleep routines in a sample of 2400 Andalusian adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years and its relation to three indicators of psychological adjustment such as substance use, and internalizing and externalizing problems, both assessed by the Youth Self Report (YSR; Achenbach, 1991). The results indicate that, particularly among older teens, there is a significant sleep deprivation during school days, and a delay in bedtime hours during weekends. These sleep routines were significantly related to psychological adjustment, since those boys and girls who reported sleeping fewer hours and going to bed later on weekends had a worse emotional and behavioral adjustment. The article suggests the importance of developing some measures to allow teens healthier sleep routines

Desarrollo y validación de una escala de evaluación de los activos y fortalezas escolares desde la perspectiva del profesorado / Development and validation of a scale to assess the strengths and assets from the perspective of school teachers

El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una escala válida y fiable para evaluar la percepción de las fortalezas fundamentales de un centro educativo desde el punto de vista del profesorado. Aunque existen diversos instrumentos para evaluar el clima y la cultura escolar, pretendíamos desarrollar un instrumento que además permitiera evluar otras variables representativas del buen funcinamiento de un centro educativo que se relacionan una buena labor y acción educativa y la promoción del desarrollo positivo adolescente. Para ello, en primer lugar se creó una escala fue administrada para el analisis de sus propiedades psicometricas a una muestra constituida por 336 profesores/as (49,7% Hombres y 50,3% Mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 25 y los63 años (M=41.5, DT=9.47), qu trabajaban en centros públicos y privados de educación secundaria en Andalucia Occidental. Los resultados obtenidos han permitido avalar la adecuación de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala construida y la de los procesos de centro revelantes desde la perspectica del profesorado. Queda en manos de futuras investigaciones comprobar la validez externa y predictiva del instrumento(AU)

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable scale to assess the perception of the fundamental strengths of a school from the point of view of teachers. Although there are several tools to assess the school climate and culture, we wanted to develop a tool that would allow evluar other variables besides representing a funcinamiento good school that relate a good job and educational activities and the promotion of positive adolescent development. To do this, we first created a scale was administered to the analysis of its psychometric properties in a sample of 336 teachers / as (49.7% male and 50.3% female) aged between 25 and los63 years (M = 41.5, SD = 9.47), what worked in public and private secondary schools in Western Andalucia. The results obtained allowed endorse the suitability of the psychometric properties of the scale constructed and processes from the perspectica revelantes center teacher. It remains for future research and external pre predictive instrument(AU)

Desarrollo y validación de una escala de valores para el desarrollo positivo adolescente / Development and validation of a scale to assess positive youth development values

Este artículo describe el desarrollo de una escala de autoinforme para adolescentes que tiene como objetivo evaluar valores en el marco de la promoción del desarrollo positivo adolescente. Igualmente, presenta un número sustantivo de resultados psicométricos realizados para su construcción con una muestra de 2.400 adolescentes (1.068 chicos y 1.332 chicas) de 12 a 17 años (M= 14,73, DT= 1,25), que cursaban estudios de Educación Secundaria en centros de Andalucía occidental. Los resultados obtenidos han aportado evidencias de la calidad psicométrica de los ítems, de validez cruzada de una estructura de ocho factores de primer orden y tres de segundo orden, obtenida a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, y de adecuados índices de fiabilidad. En este estudio se concluye que la escala desarrollada constituye un instrumento con importantes evidencias de validez y fiabilidad que permite explorar, especialmente en contextos escolares, un conjunto amplio de valores de especial relevancia para el Desarrollo Positivo Adolescente (AU)

This paper describes the development of a self-report scale for adolescents to assess positive youth development values. It presents a substantial number of psychometric results performed on a sample of 2,400 adolescents (1,068 boys and 1,332 girls) from 12 to 17 years (M= 14.73, SD= 1.25), who were studying secondary education in Western Andalusia. The results provide evidence of the psychometric quality of items, cross-validity of a structure of eight first-order factors and three second-order factors, obtained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and adequate reliability. This study concludes that the scale presents adequate evidence of validity and reliability that allows assessment, especially in school contexts, of a broad set of values of particular relevance to positive youth development (AU)

[Development and validation of a scale to assess positive youth development values]. / Desarrollo y validación de una escala de valores para el desarrollo positivo adolescente.

This paper describes the development of a self-report scale for adolescents to assess positive youth development values. It presents a substantial number of psychometric results performed on a sample of 2,400 adolescents (1,068 boys and 1,332 girls) from 12 to 17 years ( M = 14.73, SD = 1.25), who were studying secondary education in Western Andalusia. The results provide evidence of the psychometric quality of items, cross-validity of a structure of eight first-order factors and three second-order factors, obtained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and adequate reliability. This study concludes that the scale presents adequate evidence of validity and reliability that allows assessment, especially in school contexts, of a broad set of values of particular relevance to positive youth development.

The chemokine CXCL12 regulates monocyte-macrophage differentiation and RUNX3 expression.

Monocytes are versatile cells that can express different functional programs in response to microenvironmental signals. We show that primary blood monocytes secrete the CXCL12 chemokine, and express the CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors, leading to an autocrine/paracrine loop that contribute to shape monocyte differentiation to a distinct type of macrophages, with an enhanced expression of CD4, CD14, and CD163, or dendritic cells, with a reduced functional ability to stimulate antigen-specific T-lymphocyte responses. The in vivo relevance of CXCL12 production by mononuclear phagocytes was studied in metastatic melanoma tissues by a thoroughly immunofluorescence phenotyping of CXCL12(high) expressing cells, which were CD45(+), coexpressed the macrophage antigens CD68, CD163, and CD209 and constituted the 60%-90% of tumor-associated macrophages. Microarray analysis of primary monocytes revealed that the vascular endothelial growth factor and the angiogenic chemokine CCL1 mRNA levels were up-regulated in response to CXCL12, leading to enhanced expression of both proteins. In addition, we found that CXCL12 autocrine/paracrine signaling down-regulates the expression of the transcription factor RUNX3 and contributes to maintain the long-term CD4 and CD14 expression in monocytes/macrophages. Together, these results suggest that autocrine CXCL12 production modulates differentiation of monocytes toward a distinct program with proangiogenic and immunosuppressive functions.

Optimizacion del mantenimiento preventivo por lubricacion equipo pesado SDC

La meta trazada del presente proyecto, es la de introducir en primer termino metodos de disgnostico y evaluacion para la deteccion prematura de fallas por desagues, mediante analisis de lubricantes usados en maquinaria perteneciente al Servicio Departamental de Caminos, en adelante S.D.C., en otras palabras se introducira un mantenimiento predictivo que nos alerte tempranamente las fallas potenciales que se presentaran en el equipo. Esta evaluacion permitira optimizar el mantenimiento preventivo y mantenernos con la tecnologia y rendimiento de los lubricantes, la misma que va evolucionando significativamente en los ultimos años, siendo esta tecnica, la del analisis periodico e aceite usado, el mas moderno metodo de mantenimiento predictivo, con gran confiabilidad en la prediccion de problemas potenciales tempranamente.