RESUMO
Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico en pacientes operados por vía abdominal en forma electiva y de urgencia en un servicio de cirugía general de un centro de 2do nivel de atención. Sede: Hospital Regional Salamanca de PEMEX. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y observacional. Análisis estadístico: Medidas de tendencia central. Pacientes y métodos: Se trata de un estudio en el que se incluyeron los pacientes postoperados por vía abdominal en el servicio de Cirugía General, en el periodo comprendido entre julio y diciembre del 2007. Se analizaron los pacientes que presentaron infección del sitio quirúrgico. Se excluyeron a los pacientes que no fueron intervenidos en este hospital. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, género, tipo de cirugía, patologías asociadas y complicaciones quirúrgicas. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se analizaron un total de 105 procedimientos quirúrgicos. Hubo 55 mujeres (52.4%) y 50 hombres (47.61%), con edad promedio de 43 ± 26.5 años con un rango de 3 a 83 años. Fueron 75 pacientes de cirugía electiva y 30 se operaron como urgencia. Las cirugías realizadas fueron, en orden de frecuencia, colecistectomía, apendicectomía, plastías inguinales con colocación de malla, colocación de catéteres de Tenckhoff, laparotomías exploradoras, plastías umbilicales y funduplicaturas. Del total de procedimientos realizados se presentaron 6 pacientes (5.7%) con infección del sitio quirúrgico. Conclusión: La prevalencia de infección de la herida quirúrgica en este estudio es similar a la reportada por otros autores. Es importante contar con protocolos de prevención y tratamiento de las infecciones de las heridas quirúrgicas. Además, se debe conocer la microbiología propia de la institución y de cada servicio de atención, para un manejo adecuado y óptimo de los antibióticos.
Objective: To know the prevalence of surgical site infections in patients subjected to either elective or emergence abdominal surgery at a General Surgery service in a second level health care center. Setting: PEMEX Regional Hospital at Salamanca . Second level health care center. Design: Prospective, transversal, descriptive and observational study. Statistical analysis: Central tendency measures. Patients and methods: We included those patients subjected to abdominal surgery at the General Surgery service, between the month of July and December 2007. We analyzed those that presented infection of the surgical site. We excluded those patients that were not operated in this hospital. Analyzed variables were age, gender, type of surgery, associated pathologies, and surgical complications. Results: In the study period, we analyzed a total of 105 surgical procedures. There were 55 women (52.4%) and 50 men (47.61%), average age of 43 ± 26.5 years with a range of 3 to 83 years. Elective surgery was done in 75 patients, and 30 patients corresponded to emergency surgery. Performed surgeries were, in order of frequency, cholecystectomy, appendicectomy, inguinal plasties with mesh placement, placement of Tenckhoff catheter, exploratory laparotomies, umbilical plasties, and fundoplications. Of the total of procedures performed, six patients (5.7%) coursed with infection of the surgical site. Conclusion: Prevalence of surgical wound infection in this study is similar to that reported by other authors. It is important to count upon prevention and treatment protocols for infections of surgical wounds. Besides, the characteristic microbiology of the institution and of each service has to be known for an adequate and optimal management of antibiotics.
RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Pre-term childbirth is birth before 37 weeks. The incidence in Mexico is approximately between 5 and 10% of all pregnancies and it constitutes one of the primary causes of morbidity and perinatal mortality. OBJECTIVE: To determine the maternal risk factors associated with preterm childbirth in the General Regional Hospital 1 of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Querétaro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study of cases (A) and controls (B) was made from September 1st, 2001, to June 30th, 2002; group A: 138 patients who finished their pregnancy before the 37th week, group B: 138 patients whose pregnancy came to term. Chi2, Student t test, and the momios method were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 8910 obstetric events were attended in the study period of which 600 patients (6.73%) were pre-term. There was no significant statistical difference in the age, the pregnancy interruption process and pre-eclampsia-eclampsia variables. The factors associated with pre-term childbirth with meaningful difference (p < or = 0.05) were weight and maternal height, premature rupture membrane, cervicovaginitis, gravidic hyperemesis, urinary infection, and anemia. CONCLUSION: The incidence of pre-term childbirth as well as its associated factors were similar to those found in literature except for the preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome.
