Determining factors of child linear growth from the viewpoint of Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory

Abstract Objective To analyze the factors associated with children's linear growth, according to the different subsystems of the 6Cs model and Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory. Data sources Narrative review, carried out in the Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases, based on research using the terms Bioecological Theory, child growth, and risk factors, combined with the use of Boolean operators. Summary of findings According to the 6Cs model, proposed based on Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory, the determining factors of children's linear growth are in six interrelated subsystems - cell, child, clan, community, country/state and culture. The empirical studies included in this review made it possible to analyze protection and risk factors within the subsystems. Among the protective factors: are adequate birth weight and satisfactory weight gain, breastfeeding for six months or more; proper hygienic habit of hand washing, proper elimination of feces, and access to clean water. As risk factors: low, birth weight and size, prematurity, multiple deliveries, short interval between deliveries, non-exclusive breastfeeding until the 3rd month, frequency and severity of infectious processes and anemia, little parental education, short maternal statur, inadequate maternal nutritional status, domestic violence, family poverty, food, and nutritional insecurity, living in rural areas or at high altitudes. Conclusion Children's linear growth is determined by interrelated factors that encompass aspects prior to the child's birth, as well as socioeconomic, political, family and community issues.

Determining factors of child linear growth from the viewpoint of Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with children's linear growth, according to the different subsystems of the 6Cs model and Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory. DATA SOURCES: Narrative review, carried out in the Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases, based on research using the terms Bioecological Theory, child growth, and risk factors, combined with the use of Boolean operators. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: According to the 6Cs model, proposed based on Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory, the determining factors of children's linear growth are in six interrelated subsystems - cell, child, clan, community, country/state and culture. The empirical studies included in this review made it possible to analyze protection and risk factors within the subsystems. Among the protective factors: are adequate birth weight and satisfactory weight gain, breastfeeding for six months or more; proper hygienic habit of hand washing, proper elimination of feces, and access to clean water. As risk factors: low, birth weight and size, prematurity, multiple deliveries, short interval between deliveries, non-exclusive breastfeeding until the 3rd month, frequency and severity of infectious processes and anemia, little parental education, short maternal statur, inadequate maternal nutritional status, domestic violence, family poverty, food, and nutritional insecurity, living in rural areas or at high altitudes. CONCLUSION: Children's linear growth is determined by interrelated factors that encompass aspects prior to the child's birth, as well as socioeconomic, political, family and community issues.

Salutogenesis, nutritional status and eating behaviour: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the sense of coherence (SOC), eating behaviour and nutritional status. DESIGN: It is a systematic review. SETTING: The following databases were searched: MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct/Elsevier, LILACS/Bireme, SciELO and Google Scholar, using the indexed terms 'salutogenesis', 'sense of coherence', 'nutritional status', 'nutrition', 'eating behavior' and 'healthy eating'. The indexed terms were used in Portuguese and English according to the database searched. The data were extracted in a standardised way and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. PARTICIPANTS: Observational studies were included, with no limitations on the date of publication or language. RESULTS: After reading the titles and abstracts of 1855 articles, 107 full texts were retrieved, of which 27 were included. Of these, twenty-five were cross-sectional and two were longitudinal. The average score for Newcastle-Ottawa studies was 6 and most studies were rated as moderate and low quality. The cumulative sample size of all included studies was 28 981 adults and the elderly, aged between 18 and 81 years. The studies were carried out in fifteen different countries. Fifteen articles assessed eating behaviour/habit and twelve assessed nutritional status. Studies have shown that SOC has a positive relationship with an appropriate eating behaviour/habit. On the other hand, the relationship between SOC and nutritional status was controversial among studies. The heterogeneity of the data resulting from the use of different methods of evaluation of the outcomes of interest (nutritional status and eating behaviour) made it impossible to perform a meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: SOC was positively associated with adequate eating behaviour. However, it was not possible to establish a relationship between SOC and nutritional status.

Effectiveness of mussels (Mytella falcata) in malnourished children's recovery living in the slums in Maceió, Alagoas / Eficácia do sururu (Mytella falcata) na recuperação de crianças desnutridas, moradoras de favelas de Maceió, Alagoas

Abstract Objectives: to assess the efficacy of mussels (Mytella falcata) in malnourished children's recovery. Methods: 64 chronically malnourished children were accompanied for 12 months and attended at the Centro Recuperação e Educação Nutricional (Recovery Center and Educational Nutrition). The children were paired by age and malnutrition level forming three groups, which they received a balanced diet for nutritional recovery differing only on protein source. The group was offered (1) preparation of red meat, group (2) preparation of mussels and group (3) preparation of mussels in coconut milk. Results: the anthropometric assessment revealed that the children obtained a mean increase in the Z score in A-I indice of 0.70 for the group who red meat, 0.62 for the group who had mussels and 0.57 the group who had mussels cooked in coconut milk (p<0,05). An observation was made on a reduction in the prevalence of anemia with 22,8% (p=0,002), 27.8% (p=0.,007) and 42.4% (p 0.001) in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusion: the preparation of mussels cooked in or not in coconut milk can be an effective substitution for meat in combating child malnutrition and anemia and may be included in the children's institutions menus and in the programs that aim for children's nutritional recovery.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a eficácia do sururu (Mytella falcata) na recuperação de crianças desnutridas. Métodos: foram acompanhadas por 12 meses 64 crianças desnutridas crônicas atendidas no Centro Recuperação e Educação Nutricional. As crianças foram pareadas por idade e grau de desnutrição formando 3 grupos, os quais receberam dieta balanceada para a recuperação nutricional diferindo apenas na fonte de proteína. Foi ofertada ao grupo (1) preparação de carne bovina, ao grupo (2) preparação de sururu e ao grupo (3) uma preparação de sururu com leite de coco. Resultados: a avaliação antropométrica revelou que as crianças obtiveram um incremento médio em escore Z no índice A-I de 0,70 para o grupo da carne, 0,62 no grupo que recebeu sururu e 0,57 no grupo que recebeu sururu com leite de coco (pD0,05). Constatou-se ainda redução da prevalência da anemia nos grupos com percentual de redução de 22,8% (p=0,002), 27,8% (p=0,007) e 42,4% (pD0,001) nos grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Conclusões: a preparação sururu com ou sem leite de coco pode ser um substituto eficaz da carne bovina no combate a desnutrição infantil e da anemia, podendo ser incluída no cardápio de instituições infantis e em programas que visem à recuperação nutricional de crianças.