Cannabinoids induce cell death in leukaemic cells through Parthanatos and PARP-related metabolic disruptions.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have described a potential anti-tumour effect of cannabinoids (CNB). CNB receptor 2 (CB2) is mostly present in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The present study evaluates the anti-leukaemic effect of CNB. METHODS: Cell lines and primary cells from acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients were used and the effect of the CNB derivative WIN-55 was evaluated in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. RESULTS: We demonstrate a potent antileukemic effect of WIN-55 which is abolished with CB antagonists. WIN-treated mice, xenografted with AML cells, had better survival as compared to vehicle or cytarabine. DNA damage-related genes were affected upon exposure to WIN. Co-incubation with the PARP inhibitor Olaparib prevented WIN-induced cell death, suggesting PARP-mediated apoptosis which was further confirmed with the translocation of AIF to the nucleus observed in WIN-treated cells. Nicotinamide prevented WIN-related apoptosis, indicating NAD+ depletion. Finally, WIN altered glycolytic enzymes levels as well as the activity of G6PDH. These effects are reversed through PARP1 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: WIN-55 exerts an antileukemic effect through Parthanatos, leading to translocation of AIF to the nucleus and depletion of NAD+, which are reversed through PARP1 inhibition. It also induces metabolic disruptions. These effects are not observed in normal HSC.

Efficacy of bortezomib to intensify the conditioning regimen and the graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis for high-risk myeloma patients undergoing transplantation.

This multicenter phase I trial was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bortezomib (Bz) as part of both the conditioning regimen and the graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. Patients received fludarabine, melphalan and Bz (days -9 and -2). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of Bz (days +1, +4, and +7), sirolimus (Siro) from day -5 and tacrolimus (Tk) from -3 (except the first five patients that did not receive Tk). Twenty-five patients with poor prognostic multiple myeloma were included. Eleven out of the 19 patients had high-risk features. Out of the 21 patients evaluable at day +100, 14 were in CR (67%) and 7 (33%) in PR. Cumulative incidence (CI) of nonrelapse mortality at 1 year was 24%. CI of grades 2-4 and 3-4 acute GvHD was 35% and 10%, respectively; CI of chronic GvHD was 35% and 55% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Overall and event free survival at 2 years were 64% and 31%, respectively. Bz as part of the conditioning regimen and in the combination with Siro/tacrolimus for GvHD prophylaxis is safe and effective allowing an optimal disease control early after transplant and reducing the risk of GvHD.

RUNX1 amplification in AML with myelodysplasia-related changes and ring 21 chromosomes.

Ring 21 is an unstable structural abnormality of chromosome 21 that can lead to RUNX1 gene amplification. We present a unique case with a carrier patient of a constitutional ring chromosome 21 (partial monosomy and trisomy 21) with dysmorphic features and congenital malformations phenotype, who developed acute myeloid leukaemia with myelodysplasia-related changes and two ring 21 chromosomes with RUNX1 amplification. The patient's constitutional ring 21 chromosome showed alterations in tumour suppressor genes, and oncogenes, but not in RUNX1. RUNX1 gene expression at acute myeloid leukaemia diagnosis, showed no upregulation, so other genes may also be the genetic amplification targets in this patient. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

NUP98-HOXA9 bearing therapy-related myeloid neoplasm involves myeloid-committed cell and induces HOXA5, EVI1, FLT3, and MEIS1 expression.

INTRODUCTION: Chromosomal rearrangements involving NUP98 gene have been associated with human leukemias such as de novo AML, therapy-related AML (t-AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Genetic fusion NUP98-HOXA9, caused by t(7;11)(p15;p15), is a recurrent cytogenetic alteration in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) usually found in young Asian patients and its description in therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) is rare. Only one Asian case with molecular demonstration of the NUP98-HOXA9 fusion has been reported in therapy-related leukemia. NUP98-HOXA9 leukemogenic mechanism is derived from the transcription factor activity of the chimeric protein, which enhances the expression of genes related to cellular differentiation arrest and proliferation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied a Caucasian woman with a therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia after Ewing's sarcoma. Molecular demonstration of the genetic fusion NUP98-HOXA9 was performed by RT-PCR, and gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR, including four AML patients with MLL rearrangements for comparative analysis. Cytologic and flow cytometric analysis was also carried out. RESULTS: After cytologic and flow cytometric analysis diagnostics was therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MN). The major component of blasts in the acute leukemia was with neutrophilic differentiation, but 13% erythroid lineage blasts were also found. Cytogenetic and FISH analysis revealed t(7;11)(p15;p15) and NUP98-HOXA9 fusion gene was demonstrated. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of EVI1 and MEIS1 in the index patient, both of them previously related to a worst outcome. CONCLUSION: In this work, we include a detailed molecular, clinical, cytological, and cytometric study of the second t-AML bearing NUP98-HOXA9 genetic fusion.

Microencapsulation of insulin using a W/O/W double emulsion followed by complex coacervation to provide protection in the gastrointestinal tract.

Microcapsules containing insulin were prepared using a combination of a W/O/W double emulsion and complex coacervation between WPI (used as a hydrophilic emulsifier) and CMC or SA with further spray drying of the microcapsules in order to provide protection in the gastrointestinal tract. The microcapsules prepared exhibited high encapsulation efficiency and showed the typical structure of a double emulsion. After spray drying of these microcapsules, the integrity of the W/O/W double emulsion was maintained and the biological residual activity remained high when using the combination of 180 °C inlet air temperature and 70 °C outlet air temperature. The microcapsules exhibited low solubility at pH 2 and high solubility at pH 7 so they might protect insulin at acid pH values in the stomach and release it at intestinal pH values. The microcapsules developed in this study seem to be a promising oral delivery vehicle for insulin or other therapeutic proteins.

GVHD prophylaxis with sirolimus-tacrolimus may overcome the deleterious effect on survival of HLA mismatch after reduced-intensity conditioning allo-SCT.

Large studies, mostly based on series of patients receiving CSA/tacrolimus (TKR) plus MTX as immunoprophylaxis, have demonstrated a deleterious effect on survival of the presence of a single mismatch out of eight loci after allogeneic hematopoietic SCT (alloHSCT). We retrospectively analyzed a series of 159 adult patients who received sirolimus(SRL)/TKR prophylaxis after alloHSCT. We compared overall outcomes according to HLA compatibility in A, B, C and DRB1 loci at the allele level: 7/8 (n=20) vs 8/8 (n=139). Donor type was unrelated in 95% vs 70% among 7/8 vs 8/8 pairs, respectively (P=0.01). No significant differences were observed in 3-year OS (68 vs 62%), 3-year EFS (53 vs 49%) and 1-year non-relapse mortality (9 vs 13%). Cumulative incidence of grades II-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) was significantly higher in 7/8 alloHSCT (68% vs 42%, P<0.001) but no significant differences were found for III-IV aGVHD (4.5% vs 11%), overall (35% vs 53%) and extensive (20% vs 35%) chronic GHVD in 7/8 vs 8/8 subgroups, respectively. In summary, the present study indicates favorable outcomes after alloHSCT using the combination of SRL/TKR combination as GVHD prophylaxis with OS in the range of 55-70%, and non-significant differences in overall outcomes, irrespective of the presence of any mismatches at obligatory loci.

Differential cytogenetic profile in advanced chronic myeloid leukemia with sequential lymphoblastic and myeloblastic blast crisis.

Frequency of additional chromosomal abnormalities in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is estimated to be 7% in chronic phase and increases to 40-70% in advanced disease. Progression of CML from chronic phase to accelerated phase or blast crisis is often associated with secondary chromosomal aberrations. We report an exceptional case of CML as debut in lymphoblastic blast crisis and a subsequent progression in myeloblastic blast crisis with rare cytogenetic abnormalities.

Percepción de bienestar social y participación política en adultos de una comunidad rural en Minga Guazú, Alto Paraná / Hope and social well-being and political participation in adults belonging to a rural community of Minga Guazú, Alto Par

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es determinar la correlación entre el Bienestar Social y la Participación Política en adultos pertenecientes a una Comunidad Rural de Minga Guazú, Alto Paraná. La muestra está conformada por 70 adultos, sin discriminación de sexo. Se aplicó un diseño descriptivo y correlacional. El análisis de datos se realizó a través del Coeficiente de Correlación Lineal R de Pearson, obteniendo una relación positiva entre las dos escalas relacionadas. Se concluye que el Bienestar Social está ligado al grado de Participación Política que presenta la Comunidad Rural participante.

The main objective of this research is to determine the correlation between Social Welfare and Political Participation in adults belonging to a Rural Community from Minga Guazu, Alto Parana. The sample consisted of 70 adults, regardless of sex. We used a descriptive and correlational design. Data analysis was performed using the linear correlation coefficient R Pearson, obtaining a positive relationship between the two scales related. We conclude that Social Welfare is linked to the grades of political participation presented by the participant Rural Community.

Epigenetic regulation of PRAME in acute myeloid leukemia is different compared to CD34+ cells from healthy donors: effect of 5-AZA treatment.

PRAME is a tumor associated antigen (TAA) of particular interest since it is widely expressed by lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. Several studies have associated high PRAME RNA levels with good prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PRAME expression is regulated at the epigenetic level. For this reason inhibitors of DNA methylation, such as 5-azacytidine, can modulate the expression of this TAAs. In the current study we analyzed the effect of 5-azaC on the expression of PRAME in blasts versus CD34+ cells from healthy donors in an attempt to increase its expression, thus inducing a potential target for therapeutic strategies.

The role of peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of ascites.

Cirrhosis represents a late stage of hepatic fibrosis and leads to high morbidity and mortality, and the most frequent complication is ascites. Only a few patients with advanced cirrhosis have 'refractory ascites' and do not respond to conventional treatment. Repeated paracentesis for evacuation is considered the treatment of choice in these cases. A large proportion of these patients have associated chronic kidney disease (CKD), which may require renal replacement therapy (RRT). Due to the complications associated with liver disease with coagulation disorders and tendencies towards spontaneous hypotension, there are significant problems associated to RRT, especially haemodialysis (HD). On the contrary, peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers several advantages over HD in cirrhotic patients (with or without ascites) thanks to better haemodynamic tolerance, as it is a continuous and slow technique. Furthermore, PD has a low rate of infection and bleeding.

Papel de la diálisis peritoneal en el tratamiento de la ascitis / The role of peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of ascites

La cirrosis representa un estadio avanzado de la fibrosis hepática y conlleva a una alta morbimortalidad cuya complicación más frecuente es la ascitis. Una minoría de pacientes con cirrosis avanzada tiene «ascitis refractaria» y no responden al tratamiento convencional. La paracentesis evacuadoras de repetición se consideran el tratamiento de elección en estos casos. Una gran parte de estos pacientes presentan asociada una enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), que puede precisar de tratamiento renal sustitutivo (TRS). Debido a las complicaciones asociadas a la enfermedad hepática de alteraciones de la coagulación y tendencia espontánea a la hipotensión arterial plantea problemas de cara al TRS, especialmente derivados de la hemodiálisis (HD). En este sentido la diálisis peritoneal (DP) ofrece varias ventajas respecto a la HD en pacientes con cirrosis, con o sin ascitis debido a su mejor tolerancia hemodinámica por ser un técnica continua y lenta, con baja tasa de complicaciones infecciosas y hemorrágicas (AU)

Cirrhosis represents a late stage of hepatic fibrosis and leads to high morbidity and mortality, and the most frequent complication is ascites. Only a few patients with advanced cirrhosis have 'refractory ascites' and do not respond to conventional treatment. Repeated paracentesis for evacuation is considered the treatment of choice in these cases. A large proportion of these patients have associated chronic kidney disease (CKD), which may require renal replacement therapy (RRT). Due to the complications associated with liver disease with coagulation disorders and tendencies towards spontaneous hypotension, there are significant problems associated to RRT, especially haemodialysis (HD). On the contrary, peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers several advantages over HD in cirrhotic patients (with or without ascites) thanks to better haemodynamic tolerance, as it is a continuous and slow technique. Furthermore, PD has a low rate of infection and bleeding (AU)

[Classification of chronic graft-versus-host disease]. / Enfermedad de injerto contra huesped crónica.

The NIH classification intends to standardize the diagnostic criteria for chronic CVHD and to establish prognosis groups that will help to identify patient risk and thus decide on the most appropriate treatment. This study assesses the predictive value of this classification and analyzes new prognostic factors in a series of 820 patients receiving allogeneic grafts at three sites: Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, in Barcelona, and Karolinska Institutet, in Stockholm. In the univariate analysis, the classification limited/extensive, the NIH class, and the type of onset have a significant influence on overall survival and transplant-related mortality. Additionally, the overlap syndrome is associated with a shorter survival in the multivariate analysis, only the NIH class-with on HR of 2.89 (95% Cl: 1.75-4.76; p < 0.007) for mild and moderate versus severe disease-has a significant influence on survival. Excluding the NIH class, the type of onset is Identified as an independent factor for survival. Therefore, the NIH class and the type of onset are confirmed as the most significant variables. This is important in order to identify patients with a higher risk of death after transplantation, and shorter survival. On the other hand, it is a very laborious classification; for this reason it is necessary to establish the degree of involvement of lungs, skin, digestive tract, and liver, and to identify the number of organs, because these factors significantly affect survival.

[Treatment of irritable colon with lidamidine and support psychotherapy]. / Tratamiento del colon irritable con lidamidina y psicoterapia de apoyo.

To evaluate the usefulness of lidamidine treatment in patients with irritable colon syndrome, a controlled double blind study was carried out. Forty patients with Manning symptom criteria and negative screening to stool examination, rectosigmoidoscopy and barium enema were included. Four groups of treatment were randomly integrated: Lidamidine with and without group psychotherapy and placebo with and without group psychotherapy, for six weeks. After a washout period, treatment was switched. Thirty-eight patients with a total of 76 observations were evaluated. Favorable response was shown by 94.7% and 68.4% of those who received only lidamidine and placebo, respectively, and by 84.3% and 63.2% of those who additionally received psychotherapy. Difference with or without psychotherapy was not significant. Globally, response was better with lidamidine than with placebo (89.5% vs 65.8%, p = 0.02). Adverse reactions were minimum. Lidamidine can be a useful drug in the treatment of irritable colon syndrome.