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1.
Can J Vet Res ; 86(4): 294-299, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36211210

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to describe the anatomy of the spinal nerves, specifically the last thoracic nerve (T13) and the first to third lumbar nerves (L1 to L3), in order to safely carry out an accurate proximal paravertebral block (PPVB) in sheep. This study consisted of 2 phases. In Phase 1, 7 sheep cadavers were dissected to identify the path and relevant anatomical landmarks of spinal nerves T13 and L1 to L3. In Phase 2, 2 healthy sheep received bilateral injections of 0.35 mL/kg body weight (BW) for each hemithoracolumbar area (0.088 mL/kg BW per nerve) of a dye-lidocaine solution (50:50) using a PPVB approach and then assessed for 15 min for signs of systemic and local effects of lidocaine. After euthanasia, the infiltrated area was dissected to assess the spread of the dye. Successful nerve staining (> 2 cm in length), macroscopic evidence of intraneural/intravascular injection, and spread to the epidural space and the abdominal cavity were recorded. In Phase 1, each branch of all nerves was easily identified and located using the caudal aspect of the spinous apophysis and the lateral edge of the transverse process of the respective vertebrae. An overlap was observed between the costoabdominal (T13), the iliohypogastric (L1), and ilioinguinal (L2) nerves. In Phase 2, all nerves were stained at least 2 cm from the injection site. There was no diffusion of the dye into the epidural space or abdominal cavity. In conclusion, using the anatomical landmarks described specifically for sheep, the PPVB provided accurate perineural distribution of the injected dye-lidocaine solution, which could result in clinical analgesia of the flank.


L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire l'anatomie des nerfs rachidiens, en particulier le dernier nerf thoracique (T13) et les premier à troisième nerfs lombaires (L1 à L3), afin de réaliser en toute sécurité un bloc paravertébral proximal précis (PPVB) chez les moutons. Cette étude comportait deux phases. Dans la phase 1, sept cadavres de moutons ont été disséqués pour identifier le trajet et les repères anatomiques pertinents des nerfs rachidiens T13 et L1 à L3. Dans la phase 2, deux moutons en bonne santé ont reçu des injections bilatérales de 0,35 mL/kg de poids corporel (PC) pour chaque zone hémithoraco-lombaire (0,088 mL/kg de PC par nerf) d'une solution de colorant-lidocaïne (50:50) en utilisant une approche PPVB, puis évalué pendant 15 min pour des signes d'effets systémiques et locaux de la lidocaïne. Après l'euthanasie, la zone infiltrée a été disséquée pour évaluer la propagation du colorant. Une coloration nerveuse réussie (> 2 cm de longueur), une preuve macroscopique d'injection intraneurale/intravasculaire et une propagation à l'espace épidural et à la cavité abdominale ont été enregistrées. Dans la phase 1, chaque branche de tous les nerfs a été facilement identifiée et localisée en utilisant la face caudale de l'apophyse épineuse et le bord latéral de l'apophyse transverse des vertèbres respectives. Un chevauchement a été observé entre les nerfs costo-abdominal (T13), ilio-hypogastrique (L1) et ilio-inguinal (L2). Dans la phase 2, tous les nerfs ont été colorés à au moins 2 cm du site d'injection. Il n'y a pas eu de diffusion du colorant dans l'espace péridural ou la cavité abdominale. En conclusion, en utilisant les repères anatomiques décrits spécifiquement pour les moutons, le PPVB a fourni une distribution périneurale précise de la solution de colorant-lidocaïne injectée, ce qui pourrait entraîner une analgésie clinique du flanc.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Bloqueio Nervoso , Doenças dos Ovinos , Animais , Cadáver , Lidocaína/farmacologia , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Bloqueio Nervoso/veterinária , Ovinos , Vértebras Torácicas
2.
Animals (Basel) ; 11(2)2021 Feb 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33668487

RESUMO

This study aimed to compare, first, the anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol or isoflurane anesthetic maintenance in goats receiving a fentanyl-lidocaine-ketamine infusion undergoing abomasotomy and, secondly, to compare the quality of the recovery from anesthesia. Two groups were used: propofol (TIVA) and isoflurane (PIVA). Goats were premedicated with fentanyl (10 µg/kg intravenously [IV]), lidocaine (2 mg/kg, IV), and ketamine (1.5 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintenance consisted of fentanyl (10 µg/kg/h, IV), lidocaine (50 µg/kg/min, IV), and ketamine (50 µg/kg/min, IV) as constant-rate infusions (CRIs), combined with either CRI of propofol at initial dose of 0.3 mg/kg/min, IV (TIVA), or isoflurane with initial end-tidal (FE'Iso) concentration of 1.2% partial intravenous anesthesia (PIVA). The mean effective propofol dose for maintenance was 0.44 ± 0.07 mg/kg/min, while the mean FE'Iso was 0.81 ± 0.2%. Higher systolic arterial pressure (SAP) values were observed in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) during some time points. Recovery was smooth in PIVA, while restlessness, vocalizations, and paddling were observed in TIVA. Both protocols produced a satisfactory quality of anesthesia during surgery, with minimal impact on cardiopulmonary function. Nevertheless, recovery after anesthesia in TIVA might be of poor quality.

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