[Pedicled pectoralis major musculocutaneous flaps]. / Colgajo pediculado de pectoral mayor: nuestra experiencia en 76 casos consecutivos.

A retrospective series of 76 pedicled pectoralis major musculocutaneus flaps is presented. We used this technique in reconstruction after head and neck tumours resections and in complications of oncological surgery such as pharyngostomes or orostomes. Most of these flaps were used in reconstruction of oral cavity and in postradiotherapy salvaje surgery cases. We also analyse the presence of complications at the donor and receiver sites and its correlation with different parameters like protein levels, haemoglobin, administration of radiotherapy and its dose, previous quimiotherapy and the influence of systemic diseases.

[The value of the computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) in tumors of the ear]. / Valor de la tomografía axial computarizada y resonancia magnética en la patología tumoral del oído.

The first case report is an undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the ear. This patient complained with pain and discharging ear, which led us to practice a TC followed by an attico-antrotomy. The pathologist could detect in the removed tissue the neoplasm in its early evolutive stages. In the other case the earache and the suppuration suggested at first a carcinoma. In spite of the TAC and MR exams the surgery that followed was not confirmative of the tumor presence.

[Pneumocephalus as a complication of mastoid surgery]. / Neumoencéfalo como complicación de cirugía de la mastoides.

Non-traumatic otologic diseases are a rare cause of Pneumocephalus. Among them few reports have been published whereas it presented following oto-surgery. The AA. communicate one of those events in a patient who presented with CSF-otorrhea, headache and disorientation after recent radical mastoidectomy. The definitive diagnosis was done by CT-scan imaging. Survey of the scarce literature on the subject, description of the clinical and diagnostic features, its possible physiopathology and surgical management.

[Pneumocephalus as a complication of mastoid surgery]. / Neumoencéfalo como complicación de cirugía de la mastoides.

Non-traumatic otologic diseases are a rare cause of pneumocephalus. Among them, few reports have been described whereas it occurred following oto-surgery. We present a case report of pneumocephalus in a patient who presented with CSF-otorrhea, headache, disorientation, after recent mastoid radical surgery. The definite diagnosis was done by CT scan imaging. We realize a review of the literature about this subject, we describe the clinical and diagnostic features, its possible physiopathology, and its surgical management.

[Value of myotomy of the lower constrictor in surgery of tracheo-esophageal puncture]. / Valoración de la miotomía del constrictor inferior en la cirugía de la punción traqueoesofágica.

The importance of the inferior myotomy for speech restoration in total laryngectomized patients following not only primary techniques (speech restoration by tracheo-esophageal puncture during total laryngectomy) but also secondary punctures, is well documented. In this paper, the results obtained by manometric studies applied to 25 patients divided into two groups are shown (the first group) (15 patients) following primary techniques, and the second one (10 patients) following secondary punctures. We observe a sphincter pressure decreasing after secondary myotomy in those patients which previously presented dysphagia, prostheses breaking or intermittent speech, therefore considering the inferior constrictor myotomy as of great value in speech rehabilitation.

[Auricular pseudocyst]. / Pseudoquiste auricular.

Pseudocyst of the auricle is a spontaneous intracartilaginous collection of serous fluid in the anterior aspect of the auricle. These cysts occur frequently in young healthy Chinese males. Engel (1966) was the first to report a series of pseudocysts of the auricle in Chinese. Its etiology is unknown, treatment is difficult and recurrence frequent. In the paper a case report is presented and a review of the literature of this rare condition is done.

[Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasal fossa]. / Plasmocitoma extramedular de fosa nasal.

A case report of an extramedullary plasmocytoma located in the nasal cavity is presented. Although infrequent in the ENT practice, they use to occur in the head and the neck. The AA. remark the importance of performing immunohistochemical tests to assess an accurate differential diagnosis with some other neoplasms and, specially, with plasma cell reactive granuloma.

[Mandibular osteoradionecrosis caused by radiotherapy of lip cancer. Differential diagnosis with tumor recurrence]. / Osteorradionecrosis mandibular por radioterapia en cáncer de labio. Diagnóstico diferencial con recidiva tumoral.

The onset of the bone radionecrosis is a relatively unusual problem which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrences of irradiated tumors showing a high degree of aggressiveness. The AA. present a case report of a re-operated lower lip carcinoma which underwent further radiation therapy. A bony mandibular lesion was then observed, which led to the diagnosis of tumoral invasion at the mandible, and a partial mandibulectomy was then performed. The histopathological examination revealed a bone necrosis, probably due to radiotherapy. The clinical features and therapeutic management of mandibular osteoradionecrosis are commented.

[Olfactory esthesioneuroblastoma]. / Estesioneuroblastoma olfatorio.

The AA. present 2 cases of olfactory Neuroblastoma in different stages of histologic differentiation, which are compared. Bibliographic survey of the entity.

[Characteristics of subglottic and glottic-subglottic carcinomas]. / Características de los carcinomas subglóticos y glotosubglóticos.

The 14 subglottic and glottic-subglottic carcinomas treated in the Otolaryngologic Department of the AA. between 1984 and 1989 are reviewed. Check of literature about subglottic carcinomas.

[Histiocytoid hemangioma]. / Hemangioma histiocitoide.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is a multisystemic disease characterized mainly by cutaneous nodules, vascular proliferation with atypical histiocytoid endothelial cells and numerous eosinophiles, often with blood eosinophilia. It use to recur "in situ" and persist after surgical excision. The AA. review the literature about this rare tumor and present the clinical and histopathological features of a case of Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia of the tongue.

[Undifferentiated carcinoma of the ear: apropos of a case]. / Carcinoma indiferenciado de oído: a propósito de un caso.

A case report of ear undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma is presented. The patient complained pain and suppurative ear, which lead to us to practise an exploratory atticotomy, and therefore the tumor was detected on its early stages. It is a very interesting case report due to its unusual localization, and to the early diagnosis to improve the prognosis of these patients.

[Granular cell tumor localized in the glottis]. / Tumor de células granulares de localización glótica.

Granular cell tumor is an unusual tumor of probably neuroectodermal histogenesis, originally reported by Abrikossoff (1926) as a myoblastoma. Of the about 1,200 reported cases since then, 50% are found in the head and neck. Of these, 10% have a laryngeal localization. An infrequent case report of glottic localization which was solved by chirurgical excision with free margins, is presented. The features of the laryngeal presentation, is reviewed and iconography with immunohistochemical techniques of their pathologic characteristics, is showed.

[Brown tumor of the maxilla as initial manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism]. / Tumor pardo del maxilar como manifestacion inicial de hiperparatiroidismo primario.

The paper reports the case of a maxillary brown tumor as early sign of primary hyperparathyroidism. Brown tumors are very unusual growths in daily ENT practice and an odd start of primary hyperparathyroidism. The AA. emphasize the importance of a correct differential diagnosis, especially with those tumors showing multinucleated giant cells (osteoclast type)--such as true giant cells tumor and central giant granuloma--prior to its management. They also comment on the interesting contribution to diagnosis by imagery brought by CT scan, magnetic resonance (MR), ultrasonography (echography) and digital subtraction gammagraphy to attain the topographic site of the parathyroid tumor.

[Treatment of thyroid cancer in our field: attitude regarding lymph node surgery]. / Tratamiento del cáncer tiroideo en nuestro medio: actitud respecto a la cirugía ganglionar.

We comment our attitude in dealing with lymph nodes and thyroid gland surgery for thyroid cancer. This was based on our 10 years experience with such surgery, in which we have performed 350 chirurgic interventions. Of them, in 55 cases a thyroid carcinoma was detected (36 papilar, 13 follicular, 4 medular, 1 anaplasic and 1 metastasic clear-cell carcinoma).