RESUMO
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is second only to Alzheimer's disease in individuals younger than 65 years of age. Behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) presents with nonspecific symptoms such as disinhibition, apathy, or emotional blunting. Although neuropsychological testing and structural neuroimaging are not very helpful in diagnosing bvFTD in its initial stages, newer quantitative structural methods and functional neuroimaging have better sensitivity and specificity. Ms L presented with blunted affect, disinhibition, impairments in insight, planning ability and social comportment, changed dietary habits, and episodes of mutism. Her brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal whereas her single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) pattern was consistent with FTD. Her clinical presentation was consistent with bvFTD yet both the symptoms and SPECT findings reversed after 2 years of follow-up. We suggest that Ms L had a reversible phenotypic and brain function equivalent of bvFTD. The case highlights the limitations of our diagnostic tools and the complex relationship between clinical symptoms, neuroimaging, and etiology.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Demência Frontotemporal/diagnóstico , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Neuroimagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Demência Frontotemporal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Lyme disease is an infectious disease that frequently involves the central nervous system, leading to cognitive and/or mood dysfunction. The basis for these symptoms remains to be defined but may be the result of a vasculitis or metabolic abnormality secondary to the infection. SPECT scans of the brain might provide an objective measure of abnormalities present in patients with otherwise difficult to objectify clinical findings. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, location, and severity of abnormalities in SPECT scans of the brain of patients with chronic Lyme disease. METHODS: A total of 183 individuals who met the clinical definition of chronic Lyme disease underwent SPECT scanning of the brain using Tc and standard nuclear imagine techniques. Abnormalities of perfusion to affected areas of the brain were defined as mild, moderate, or severe. RESULTS: Of all patients, 75% demonstrated abnormalities in perfusion to various areas of the brain, most notably the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Patients considered to be seropositive and those considered seronegative had similar rates, types, and severity of perfusion defects. Abnormalities of MRI of the brain were seen in 14% of patients. Treatment with antibiotics, especially those with intracellular-penetrating activity, resulted in resolution or improvement of abnormalities in 70% of patients over a 1- to 2-year period. CONCLUSIONS: Brain SPECT scans are abnormal in most patients with chronic Lyme disease, and these scans can be used to provide objective evidence in support of the clinical diagnosis. The use of certain antibiotic regimens seems to provide improvement in both clinical status and SPECT scans.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Lyme/diagnóstico por imagem , Neuroimagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Doença de Lyme/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Lyme/patologia , Doença de Lyme/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Assess the contribution of structural and functional neuroimaging methods to the diagnosis of dementia. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart and imaging review. Participants were 24 inpatient dementia cases from a general hospital-based, university medical psychiatry unit. Data from clinical charts and imaging results were reviewed. RESULTS: Most common initial diagnoses were dementia NOS and vascular dementia (VD); most common discharge diagnoses were VD, Alzheimer's, Dementia NOS and dementia with Lewy bodies. Most diagnostic changes occurred following family meetings or SPECT/PET, with fewer changes after CT/MRI. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic steps that contributed the most to the final diagnosis were the family meeting and the functional neuroimaging evaluation.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico , Demência/diagnóstico , Neuroimagem/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Demência/classificação , Demência/complicações , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/etiologia , Neuroimagem/classificação , Exame Neurológico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Ovarian cancer has the lowest survival rate of the gynecologic cancers because it is predominantly diagnosed in the late stages due to the lack of reliable symptoms and efficacious screening techniques. A novel hybrid intraoperative probe has been developed and evaluated for its potential role in detecting and characterizing ovarian tissue. The hybrid intraoperative dual-modality device consists of multiple scintillating fibers and an optical coherence tomography imaging probe for simultaneously mapping the local activities of (18)F-FDG uptake and imaging of local morphological changes of the ovary. Ten patients were recruited to the study and a total of 18 normal, abnormal and malignant ovaries were evaluated ex vivo using this device. Positron count rates of 7.5/8.8-fold higher were found between malignant and abnormal/normal ovaries. OCT imaging of malignant and abnormal ovaries revealed many detailed morphologic features that could be potentially valuable for evaluating local regions with high metabolic activities and detecting early malignant changes in the ovary. These initial results have demonstrated that our novel hybrid imager has great potential for ovarian cancer detection and characterization during minimally invasive endoscopic procedures.
RESUMO
Chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI) is associated with contact sports such as boxing. CTBI results from repetitive blows to the head rather than from a single impact. CTBI individuals present with motor symptoms (incoordination, spasticity, parkinsonism), cognitive impairment (executive dysfunction, memory deficits) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (irritability, affective disturbances). The structural and functional neuroimaging findings and clinical presentation of a CTBI case are described. We propose hypotheses about the pathophysiology of the observed neuroimaging findings and their relationship to the neuropsychiatric symptoms of the patients.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/patologia , Atrofia/patologia , Boxe/lesões , Lesões Encefálicas/patologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Demência/patologia , Atrofia/diagnóstico por imagem , Atrofia/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Doença Crônica , Demência/diagnóstico por imagem , Demência/fisiopatologia , Avaliação da Deficiência , Alucinações/etiologia , Humanos , Ventrículos Laterais/patologia , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Transtornos Mentais/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Septo Pelúcido/patologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton ÚnicoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The initial or first clinical presentation of altered sensation of smell is directly linked to the degree of impaired sensitivity. We took the opportunity to examine normal and nonspecific MRI findings in 6 patients with known anosmia after traumatic brain injury with perfusion SPECT brain imaging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients included those with primary loss of smell after head injury. All patients underwent standard testing by the Taste & Smell Center. Normal or nonspecific near normal brain MRI studies were subsequently referred for SPECT perfusion neuroimaging. RESULTS: MRI studies were negative in 3 cases. In the remaining studies, one case showed nonspecific white matter change, another low signal in the left frontal gyrus, and the sixth case merely some cortical atrophy. All 6 cases demonstrated lesions on SPECT involving the frontal, temporal, and temporoparietal cortex. CONCLUSION: This study identified altered blood perfusion pattern in otherwise normal anatomic structures on MRI.
Assuntos
Hemorragia Encefálica Traumática/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Encefálica Traumática/patologia , Transtornos do Olfato/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos do Olfato/patologia , Acidentes de Trânsito , Adolescente , Adulto , Hemorragia Encefálica Traumática/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Motocicletas , Transtornos do Olfato/etiologia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Fraturas Cranianas/complicações , Fraturas Cranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Cranianas/patologia , Olfato/fisiologia , Tecnécio Tc 99m Exametazima , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XAssuntos
Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Reação a Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico , Reação a Corpo Estranho/etiologia , Neoplasias Retais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Tampões de Gaze Cirúrgicos/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , CintilografiaAssuntos
Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Sarcoidose/diagnóstico por imagem , Sarcoidose/cirurgia , Esplenectomia , Esplenomegalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Esplenomegalia/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão/métodos , Calafrios/etiologia , Fadiga/etiologia , Febre de Causa Desconhecida/etiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Indução de Remissão , Sarcoidose/complicações , Esplenomegalia/etiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
HYPOTHESIS: A clearly localizing sestamibi scan predicts a successful minimally invasive radioguided parathyroidectomy that can be performed with a shorter operative time, low morbidity, and decreased duration of hospital stay. DESIGN: Review of prospectively gathered data and patient medical records. SETTING: Hospitalized care. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Parathyroidectomy was performed on 55 patients with a secure biochemical diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism and a sestamibi scan performed at the University of Connecticut Health Center. Of the 40 patients with a clearly positive sestamibi scan result, 31 underwent radioguided parathyroidectomy. The results of radioguided parathyroidectomy are compared with those of the standard bilateral exploration performed in the remaining 24 patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ionized calcium concentration, postoperative complications, and operative time. RESULTS: All patients were cured of hyperparathyroidism, and no patients experienced recurrent laryngeal nerve damage. Parathyroid adenomas were found at the predicted site in all 40 patients with a clearly localizing sestamibi scan. Of the 31 patients who underwent radioguided parathyroidectomy, a single parathyroid adenoma was identified in 30 patients, and a double adenoma was found in 1 patient. Conversion to a standard procedure was necessary in 1 patient with a large adenoma. The average operating room time was 128 minutes for the radioguided procedure and 224 minutes for the standard exploration. The average incision length for radioguided parathyroidectomy was 3.3 +/- 0.7 cm. CONCLUSIONS: A clearly localizing sestamibi scan predicts that 97% of patients can undergo a successful and safe minimally invasive radioguided parathyroidectomy that requires less operative time than the standard exploration.
Assuntos
Adenoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenoma/cirurgia , Hiperparatireoidismo/cirurgia , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/cirurgia , Paratireoidectomia/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Tecnécio Tc 99m Sestamibi , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperparatireoidismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Cintilografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/diagnóstico por imagem , Processo Mastoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Octreotida/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias Cranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/secundário , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Processo Mastoide/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/patologia , Cintilografia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Neoplasias Cranianas/patologia , Neoplasias Cranianas/secundário , Telencéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Telencéfalo/patologia , Contagem Corporal TotalRESUMO
A 70-year-old woman was examined because of increasing problems with cognition. She had a history of a cerebral shunt placed surgically 10 years previously. Introduction of Tc-99m DTPA directly into the ventricular cavity revealed good ventricular distribution, followed by progression downward, as though into a previous ventriculoperitoneal shunt. However, a chest radiograph revealed what appeared to be a shunt tube in the right atrium. Delayed lateral images showed activity in proximity to the vertebral column, indicating migration of tracer and cerebrospinal fluid into the dorsal and lumbar subarachnoid space.