GC-MS Profile, Antioxidant Activity, and In Silico Study of the Essential Oil from Schinus molle L. Leaves in the Presence of Mosquito Juvenile Hormone-Binding Protein (mJHBP) from Aedes aegypti.

Schinus molle is a medicinal plant used as an anti-inflammatory and for rheumatic pain in the traditional medicine of Peru. On the other hand, Aedes aegypti is the main vector of several tropical diseases and the transmitter of yellow fever, chikungunya, malaria, dengue, and Zika virus. In this study, the aim was to investigate the antioxidant activity in vitro and the insecticidal activity in silico, in the presence of the mosquito juvenile hormone-binding protein (mJHBP) from Aedes aegypti, of the essential oil from S. molle leaves. The volatile phytochemicals were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the profile antioxidants were examined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The evaluation in silico was carried out on mJHBP (PDB: 5V13) with an insecticidal approach. The results revealed that EO presented as the main volatile components to alpha-phellandrene (32.68%), D-limonene (12.59%), and beta-phellandrene (12.24%). The antioxidant activity showed values for DPPH = 11.42 ± 0.08 µmol ET/g, ABTS = 134.88 ± 4.37 µmol ET/g, and FRAP = 65.16 ± 1.46 µmol ET/g. Regarding the insecticidal approach in silico, alpha-muurolene and gamma-cadinene had the best biding energy on mJHBP (ΔG = -9.7 kcal/mol), followed by beta-cadinene (ΔG = -9.5 kcal/mol). Additionally, the volatile components did not reveal antioxidant activity, and its potential insecticidal effect would be acting on mJHBP from A. aegypti.

Presencia de puntos gatillo miofasciales en pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo: estudio piloto descriptivo transversal / Presence of myofascial trigger points in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: A cross-sectional descriptive pilot study

Objetivos: Determinar la presencia de PGM activos y latentes en 4 músculos de hombro y 4 de cadera de las extremidades paréticas y no paréticas, en pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo, y analizar si existe relación con el grado de fuerza de las propias extremidades paréticas. Participantes y métodos: Se seleccionó a 22 pacientes con ictus isquémico de menos de 5 días de evolución, ingresados en la Unidad de Ictus de un centro hospitalario, que cursaron con una gravedad neurológica leve o moderada (escala National Institute of Health Stroke Scale 3-15) y paresia braquial o crural, y que, previamente al ingreso, presentaban autonomía funcional o incapacidad leve o muy leve (escala Rankin modificada 0-2). Se registraron los PGM en 4 músculos de fácil acceso palpatorio de cada hombro y 4 de cada cadera, siguiendo los criterios diagnósticos de Simons, Travell & Simons. Resultados: Todos los pacientes mostraron PGM latentes en hombro y cadera paréticos, siendo más frecuentes en el infraespinoso (94,4%) y en el glúteo mayor (78,9%). El grado de fuerza de las extremidades paréticas se correlacionó con la presencia de PGM latentes en áreas concretas de ambos músculos. Conclusiones: Los resultados orientan hacia una elevada presencia de PGM, predominantemente latentes, en hombro y cadera de las extremidades paréticas secundarias al ictus isquémico agudo. A su vez, apuntan a la posible correlación entre la propia presencia de PGM latentes y el grado de fuerza de las mismas extremidades paréticas. Sin embargo, son necesarios estudios de mayor tamaño muestral que permitan corroborar lo hallado en el presente estudio piloto

Objectives: To determine the presence of active and latent MTrPs in 4 shoulder muscles and 4 hip muscles of the paretic and non-paretic limbs, in patients with acute ischaemic stroke, and to analyse if there is a relationship with the degree of strength of the paretic extremities. Patients and methods: 22 patients with ischaemic stroke of less than 5 days' evolution were selected, admitted to the Stroke Unit of a hospital centre with mild or moderate neurological severity (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale 3-15), brachial and / or leg paresis, and that prior to admission presented functional autonomy or mild or very mild disability (modified Rankin scale 0-2). The MTrPs were recorded in 4 muscles of easy palpable access of each shoulder and 4 of each hip, following the diagnostic criteria of Simons, Travell & Simons. Results: All the patients showed latent MTrPs in the shoulder and hip pads, being more frequent in the infraspinatus (94.4%) and in the gluteus maximus (78.9%). The degree of strength of the paretic limbs correlated with the presence of latent PGMs in specific areas of both muscles. Conclusions: The results point towards a high presence of MTrPs, predominantly latent, in the shoulder and hip of the paretic limbs secondary to acute ischaemic stroke. In turn, they suggest a possible correlation between the presence of latent MTrPs and the degree of strength of the same paretic limbs. However, studies of larger sample size are needed to corroborate what was found in this pilot study