Recruiting and retaining indigenous farmworker participants.

There is limited information on the specific practices used to successfully recruit and retain indigenous and Latino farmworkers in research studies. This article describes the strategies used in a community-based participatory research project with indigenous agricultural workers. Participants were recruited through consulting with indigenous relatives and friends, identifying and meeting with indigenous leaders from hometown associations in countries of origin, and asking current participants to recruit fellow farmworkers. Adjustments were initiated to the second year protocol to enhance recruitment and retention. The difference in attrition rates between years one and two was statistically significant, a difference partially attributed to modifications to recruitment and retention protocol. Findings confirmed that active recruitment techniques and word-of-mouth recruitment were more effective than passive methods. Trust among academic, organization, and community partners, and shared language and culture between those doing the recruitment and the participants, contributed to sustained farmworker participation.

Integrating the wisdom and experience of indigenous farmworkers to improve farmworker safety and health.

BACKGROUND: Community advisory committees (CACs) increasingly are formed to cultivate partnerships between researchers and communities. OBJECTIVES: This article details the processes used to recruit CAC members, the purpose and structure of the committees, members' motivation to participate, and examples of member input and influence. METHODS: In-depth interviews, meeting notes, and partners' reflections were synthesized to identify key lessons regarding establishing and sustaining effective CACs. LESSONS LEARNED: Findings highlight the need for partner agreement on the role of CACs, structured meeting procedures, intentional integration of CAC input into project activities, and training on sharing research information with the community. CONCLUSIONS: CAC members' expertise regarding indigenous culture and experiences increased the project relevance for workers and strengthened research and intervention efforts. Members also reported greater knowledge of safety, health, and workers' rights, and increased confidence to share information. This influence extends beyond the project and contributes to sustained change among CAC members and in the participating communities.

Pesticide exposure and occupational safety training of indigenous farmworkers in Oregon.

This follow-up study assessed indigenous and Latino farmworkers' occupational health and safety needs and measured variables related to pesticide exposure and pesticide safety training among this population. Results yielded differences between indigenous workers and Latino workers related to language barriers, experiences of workplace discrimination, preferred modes of information dissemination, pesticide exposures, and sufficiency of pesticide training. Employing more people who speak indigenous languages as interpreters, community and organizational leaders, and health workers may remove some of the linguistic and cultural barriers to occupational safety training.

Occupational conditions and well-being of indigenous farmworkers.

Increasing numbers of indigenous farmworkers from Mexico and Guatemala have been arriving in the Pacific Northwest (indigenous people are not of Hispanic or Latino descent and migrate from regions with unique cultural and linguistic traditions). Multilingual project outreach workers administered surveys to 150 farmworkers in Oregon to assess health, occupational safety, and general living conditions. This study confirms the increasing presence of indigenous peoples in Oregon and characterizes differences between indigenous and Latino farmworkers' occupational and health needs.

Promoting the occupational health of indigenous farmworkers.

In the United States, approximately 78% of agricultural farmworkers are immigrants. In Oregon, a growing number of these farmworkers are indigenous and speak an indigenous language as their primary language. This group of farmworkers suffers from linguistic, cultural and geographic isolation and faces a unique set of challenges yet little has been done to identify their health needs. Using data from focus groups, partners from this community-based participatory research project examined indigenous farmworkers' concerns regarding occupational injury and illness, experiences of discrimination and disrespect, and language and cultural barriers. The data revealed examples of disrespect and discrimination based on the languages and cultures of indigenous farmworkers, and a lack of basic occupational health and safety information and equipment. For example, participants mentioned that occupational safety information was inaccessible because it was rarely provided in indigenous languages, and participants felt there were no legal means to protect farmworkers from occupational hazards. Community-based strategies designed to address the occupational health status of farmworkers must consider the unique circumstances of those farmworkers who do not speak Spanish or English.

Hiperostosis cortical infantile: a propósito de un caso en la consulta Externa del Hospital Infantile Dr. Robert Reid Cabral 1989

Presentamos el caso de un lactante masculino de dos meses de edad, afecto de una hiperostosis cortical infantil. Hijo número uno de padres jóvenes, sin consanguinidad ni enfermedades familiares de importancia. Con tumefacción y limitación de los movimientos de ambas extremidades inferiores, con dolor en las áreas afectadas e irritabilidad. Por historia, sintomatología y radiográficamente, caso compatible con hiperostosis cortical infantil (síndrome de Caffey-Silverman)

Epidemiologia y hallazgos clínicos en la madre y el niño afectados por rubéola

Se evaluaron epidemiológica y clínicamente 25 casos de Embriopatía Rubeóla (E.R.) y sus respectivas madres que consultaron en el período comprendido entre octubre de 1980 y diciembre del 1985, encontrándose que 44% de las embarazadas no presentaron síntomas de la enfermedad, por lo que no tienen opción del aborto terapéutico, justificándose una vez más la prevención por vacunación como la mejor alternativa. El período de infección epidémica fue notorio en los años 1980-1981, no presentándose ningún caso en el 1982 y 1983, para reaparecer en los años 1984-1985, lo que implica que hubo un receso de la epidemia. La mayor frecuencia de los casos se presentó durante los meses de primavera a verano. Las manifestaciones fenotípicas como cara alargada, aletas nasales hipoplásicas, labios finos, estuvieron presentes en la mayoría de los pacientes, por lo que son de utilidad en el diagnóstico, además de la triada clásicamente descrita de cataratas, cardiopatía y deficiencia auditiva