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1.
Palliat Support Care ; 20(4): 496-504, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34581266

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: There is a growing interest in the emotional state of cancer patients. The main objective of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy and Essential Care (MCP-EC) in patients with advanced cancer compared with usual psychological support. We define "Essential Care" as the promotion of patient care and self-care through the recall of good care experiences and discussion of the concepts: responsibility, self-compassion, kindness, and attitude. METHOD: Pilot, single-center, and prospective study of 30 patients with advanced cancer and emotional distress. Our adaptation consisted in three session Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy-Palliative Care, plus a fourth session named "Essential Care". The study was carried out in two phases. First, 20 patients were randomized to one of the two arms: individual MCP-EC (experimental, n = 10) or usual psychological supportive (control, n = 10). In a second phase, 10 patients were assigned consecutively to Group MCP-EC (n = 10). All patients were evaluated at baseline (pre-) and post-intervention with questionnaires for sociodemographic data and clinical scales. RESULTS: Nineteen patients completed the 4 sessions of MCP-EC, 9 individual format and 10 group format. Usual supportive intervention was delivered to 10 control patients. Total 28 patients completed pre- and post-treatment evaluations. There were no pre- vs. post-differences in the evaluations of the control group. In the experimental group, significant pre- vs. post-differences were found in EQ-5D-3L, HADS, FACIT, DM, HAI, SCS-SF, and TD questionnaires. These results indicated that MCP-EC reduced anxiety and depression symptoms, hopelessness, demoralization, as well as increased spiritual well-being and sense of meaning. Participants were satisfied and found the MCP-EC intervention positively. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that the MCP-EC has feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy reducing the emotional distress in advanced cancer patients. Larger studies are warranted to clarify the strengths and limitations of this psychotherapy.


Assuntos
Neoplasias , Psicoterapia de Grupo , Humanos , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/psicologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Prospectivos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos
2.
Rev Esp Sanid Penit ; 10(3): 69-72, 2008 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23128372

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: recent epidemiological studies highlight an increase in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders amongst prison inmates. The objective of this study to determine the most prevalent primary and secondary psychiatric disorders, socio-demographic data and average stay period amongst patients admitted to the Prison Unit of a general hospital as charges of the Psychiatric Service. MATERIALS AND METHODS: retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample group consisted of a number of patients admitted into the Prison Unit as charges of the Psychiatric Service during a five year period (n=136). RESULTS: 90,4% were men and 9,6% were women. The average age was 34,18 years. The most prevalent primary psychiatric diagnoses were: Personality Disorder 22%, and Schizophrenic Disorder 16,3%. The most prevalent secondary psychiatric diagnoses were: Personality Disorder 11,9%, Substance Abuse 10,7%. CONCLUSIONS: the most prevalent primary and secondary psychiatric diagnosis was personality disorder. The existence of a high level of comorbidity of substance abuse-dependence was recorded. Prisons currently lack Mental Health multidisciplinary teams. This often means that the inmate must be transferred to a hospital with the increased work load and financial cost that this implies.

3.
Rev. esp. sanid. penit ; 10(3): 69-72, 2008. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-73545

RESUMO

Introducción: Estudios epidemiológicos recientes destacan el aumento de prevalencia de trastornos psiquiátricos en presos.El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar los trastornos psiquiátricos principales y secundarios más prevalentes, datossociodemográficos y estancia media, de los pacientes ingresados en el Módulo Penitenciario de un hospital general a cargodel Servicio de Psiquiatría.Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo. La muestra está compuesta por los pacientes ingresadosen el Módulo Penitenciario a cargo de Psiquiatría durante 5 años, siendo n=136.Resultados: El 90,4% fueron hombres y el 9,6% mujeres. La edad media fue de 34,18 años. Los diagnósticos psiquiátricosprincipales más prevalentes fueron: Tr. Personalidad 22%, Tr. Esquizofrénicos 16,3%. Como diagnósticos psiquiátricossecundarios más prevalentes encontramos: Tr. Personalidad 11,9%, Abuso de drogas 10,7%.Conclusiones: El diagnóstico psiquiátrico principal y secundario más prevalente fue el trastorno de personalidad. Se documentóla existencia de una alta comorbilidad con el abuso-dependencia de tóxicos. Actualmente las prisiones carecen deequipos multidisciplinares en Salud Mental, con lo que en muchas ocasiones se hace necesario el traslado del preso al hospitalcon la carga asistencial y el incremento de costes que esto supone (AU)


Introduction: recent epidemiological studies highlight an increase in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders amongstprison inmates. The objective of this study to determine the most prevalent primary and secondary psychiatric disorders,socio-demographic data and average stay period amongst patients admitted to the Prison Unit of a general hospital as chargesof the Psychiatric Service.Materials and Methods: retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample group consisted of a number of patientsadmitted into the Prison Unit as charges of the Psychiatric Service during a five year period (n=136).Results: 90,4% were men and 9,6% were women. The average age was 34,18 years. The most prevalent primary psychiatricdiagnoses were: Personality Disorder 22%, and Schizophrenic Disorder 16,3%. The most prevalent secondary psychiatricdiagnoses were: Personality Disorder 11,9%, Substance Abuse 10,7%.Conclusions: the most prevalent primary and secondary psychiatric diagnosis was personality disorder. The existence ofa high level of comorbidity of substance abuse-dependence was recorded. Prisons currently lack Mental Health multidisciplinaryteams. This often means that the inmate must be transferred to a hospital with the increased work load and financialcost that this implies (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Tempo , Espanha/epidemiologia , Prevalência
4.
Rev. esp. sanid. penit ; 10(3): 69-72, 2008. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-75648

RESUMO

Introducción: Estudios epidemiológicos recientes destacan el aumento de prevalencia de trastornos psiquiátricos en presos.El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar los trastornos psiquiátricos principales y secundarios más prevalentes, datossociodemográficos y estancia media, de los pacientes ingresados en el Módulo Penitenciario de un hospital general a cargodel Servicio de Psiquiatría.Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo. La muestra está compuesta por los pacientes ingresadosen el Módulo Penitenciario a cargo de Psiquiatría durante 5 años, siendo n=136.Resultados: El 90,4% fueron hombres y el 9,6% mujeres. La edad media fue de 34,18 años. Los diagnósticos psiquiátricosprincipales más prevalentes fueron: Tr. Personalidad 22%, Tr. Esquizofrénicos 16,3%. Como diagnósticos psiquiátricossecundarios más prevalentes encontramos: Tr. Personalidad 11,9%, Abuso de drogas 10,7%.Conclusiones: El diagnóstico psiquiátrico principal y secundario más prevalente fue el trastorno de personalidad. Se documentóla existencia de una alta comorbilidad con el abuso-dependencia de tóxicos. Actualmente las prisiones carecen deequipos multidisciplinares en Salud Mental, con lo que en muchas ocasiones se hace necesario el traslado del preso al hospitalcon la carga asistencial y el incremento de costes que esto supone (AU)


Introduction: recent epidemiological studies highlight an increase in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders amongstprison inmates. The objective of this study to determine the most prevalent primary and secondary psychiatric disorders,socio-demographic data and average stay period amongst patients admitted to the Prison Unit of a general hospital as chargesof the Psychiatric Service.Materials and Methods: retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample group consisted of a number of patientsadmitted into the Prison Unit as charges of the Psychiatric Service during a five year period (n=136).Results: 90,4% were men and 9,6% were women. The average age was 34,18 years. The most prevalent primary psychiatricdiagnoses were: Personality Disorder 22%, and Schizophrenic Disorder 16,3%. The most prevalent secondary psychiatricdiagnoses were: Personality Disorder 11,9%, Substance Abuse 10,7%.Conclusions: the most prevalent primary and secondary psychiatric diagnosis was personality disorder. The existence ofa high level of comorbidity of substance abuse-dependence was recorded. Prisons currently lack Mental Health multidisciplinaryteams. This often means that the inmate must be transferred to a hospital with the increased work load and financialcost that this implies (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/epidemiologia , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais
5.
An. psiquiatr ; 16(4): 152-156, abr. 2000.
Artigo em ES | IBECS | ID: ibc-4803

RESUMO

La hipótesis colinérgica señala que una disminución de acetilcolina en el cerebro de los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer juega un importante papel en el deterioro de la función cognitiva. Una nueva clase de fármacos, los inhibidores de las acetilcolinesterasas, son útiles en el tratamiento sintomático de dicha enfermedad (función cognitiva, actividades de la vida diaria y función global). Algunos estudios han demostrado los beneficios de estos medicamentos comparados con placebo en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer de grado leve a moderado. El propósito de este artículo es comunicar un caso clínico en el que hemos usado donepezilo para el tratamiento de un paciente con demencia vascular, mejorando su función global y su capacidad para las actividades de la vida diaria. Podría significar un nuevo horizonte en el tratamiento de la demencia vascular, de acuerdo con nuestros resultados. También sugerimos otros tratamientos actuales para la demencia vascular (AU)


Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Demência Vascular/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Colinesterase/análise , Inibidores da Colinesterase/uso terapêutico , Doença de Alzheimer
6.
Arch. neurociencias ; 5(1): 12-20, ene.-mar. 2000. tab, CD-ROM
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-295018

RESUMO

La tomografía computarizada (TC) y la resonancia magnética (RM) cerebrales aportan a la evaluación diagnóstica del paciente con depresión y deterioro cognoscitiva significativo una excelente información anatómica, mientras la tomografía computarizada de emisión de fotón único (SPECT cerebral), permite obtener una información funcional a través de la medición del flujo sanguíneo cerebral regional (FSCr). Objetivo: Evaluar la validez de la combinación de atrofia del lóbulo medial temporal e hipocaptación temporoparietal al diagnóstico de demencia degenerativa primaria, así como su capacidad para discriminar entre demencia degenerativa primaria y depresión. Material: 23 pacientes, 9 hombres (39,1 por ciento) y 14 mujeres (60,9 por ciento), edad media de 61 años, con el diagnóstico de depresión y deterioro cognoscitivo significativo sin cumplir criterios de demencia, según códigos diagnósticos GMS-HAS y DSM-IV. 10 individuos sanos, de similares características sociodemograficas y sin historia anterior de trastorno psiquiátrico, neurológico ni abuso de drogas. Métodos: se ha realizado sistemáticamente tomografía axial computarizada (TC) y por emisión de fotón único (SPECT) cerebrales en sujetos mayores de 65 años con un MEC <24 y menores de 65 años con un MEC > 27. Resultados: se han establecido 6 patrones de perfusión cerebral para el grupo de pacientes El más frecuentemente observado fue el patrón C (39,13 por ciento), hipoperfusión temporal y/o parietal bilateral. Conclusiones:


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Demência/diagnóstico , Depressão/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Atrofia/fisiopatologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Lobo Parietal/patologia , Lobo Temporal/patologia
7.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9549134

RESUMO

OBJECTS: Demonstrate the reliability of cerebral SPECT using 99 mTc-HMPAO. METHODS & MATERIALS: Evaluation of cerebral blood flow using SPECT in 24 patients with schizophrenia, 24 patients with bipolar disorder and 20 controls. In the study we have reliability between observers and intraobserver. In both cases kappa statistic has been applied for measuring reliability. RESULTS: reliability between observers represents a kappa coefficient of 0.71. Intraobserver reliability, with a medium grade concordance slightly superior, shows a medium kappa coefficient of 0.74. CONCLUSIONS: Visual evaluation of SPECT images using 99mTc--HMPAO is a trustworthy technique to document the different patterns of regional cerebral blood flow. Reliability is determinate by the improvement, during visual analysis of reliability between observers (kappa: 0.71) and intraobservers (kappa: 0.74).


Assuntos
Circulação Cerebrovascular , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Algoritmos , Transtorno Bipolar/fisiopatologia , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
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