Update of the PANCCO clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in the adult population.

Ulcerative colitis (US) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology. It is incurable and its clinical course is intermittent, characterized by periods of remission and relapse. The prevalence and incidence of the disease has been increasing worldwide. The update presented herein includes the participation of healthcare professionals, decision-makers, and a representative of the patients, all of whom declared their conflicts of interest. Answerable clinical questions were formulated, and the outcomes were graded. The information search was conducted on the Medline/PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos, and LILACS databases, and covered grey literature sources, as well. The search was updated on November 30, 2020, with no restrictions regarding date or language. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) classification system was implemented to establish the strength of the recommendation and quality of evidence. A formal consensus was developed, based on the RAND/UCLA methodology and the document was peer reviewed. The short version of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in the Adult Population is presented herein, together with the supporting evidence and respective recommendations. In mild-to-moderate UC, budesonide MMX is an option when treatment with 5-ASA fails, and before using systemic steroids. In moderate-to-severe UC, infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and tofacitinib can be used as first-line therapy. If there is anti-TNF therapy failure, ustekinumab and tofacitinib provide the best results. In patients with antibiotic-refractory pouchitis, anti-TNFs are the treatment of choice.

Results on Low-Mass Weakly Interacting Massive Particles from an 11 kg d Target Exposure of DAMIC at SNOLAB.

We present constraints on the existence of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) from an 11 kg d target exposure of the DAMIC experiment at the SNOLAB underground laboratory. The observed energy spectrum and spatial distribution of ionization events with electron-equivalent energies >200 eV_{ee} in the DAMIC CCDs are consistent with backgrounds from natural radioactivity. An excess of ionization events is observed above the analysis threshold of 50 eV_{ee}. While the origin of this low-energy excess requires further investigation, our data exclude spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross sections σ_{χ-n} as low as 3×10^{-41} cm^{2} for WIMPs with masses m_{χ} from 7 to 10 GeV c^{-2}. These results are the strongest constraints from a silicon target on the existence of WIMPs with m_{χ}<9 GeV c^{-2} and are directly relevant to any dark matter interpretation of the excess of nuclear-recoil events observed by the CDMS silicon experiment in 2013.

Análisis de la utilización de medicamentos biosimilares / No disponible

No disponible

Constraints on Light Dark Matter Particles Interacting with Electrons from DAMIC at SNOLAB.

We report direct-detection constraints on light dark matter particles interacting with electrons. The results are based on a method that exploits the extremely low levels of leakage current of the DAMIC detector at SNOLAB of 2-6×10^{-22} A cm^{-2}. We evaluate the charge distribution of pixels that collect <10e^{-} for contributions beyond the leakage current that may be attributed to dark matter interactions. Constraints are placed on so-far unexplored parameter space for dark matter masses between 0.6 and 100 MeV c^{-2}. We also present new constraints on hidden-photon dark matter with masses in the range 1.2-30 eV c^{-2}.

Perfil clínico funcional de pacientes con artritis reumatoide derivados a Fisiatría en control en Centro Reumatólogico Avanzado (CREA) del Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile / Functional clinical profile of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis derived to Physiatry in control at Centro Reumatólogico Avanzado (CREA) of Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the joints causing varying degrees of disability. Non-pharmacological management is increasing evidence of its usefulness impacting functionality. Objectives: To characterize the clinical / functional profile of patients with rheumatoid arthritis derived physiatrist assessment in the Clinical Hospital University of Chile. Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of patients with RA derivatives Physical Medicine, extraction demographics, medical history, physical examination and functionality. Statisticians analysis of central tendency, dispersion, absolute and relative frequencies. Results: 85 medical records were analyzed. 88.2% were women with an average age of 54.05 ± 11.42 years. 38.8% have at least one comorbidity. 34.1% of patients takes between 6 and 15 years of disease. The average drug related AR is 5.6 per patient, being more Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) found. 35.2% presented falls in the past year. Pain is a symptom found in the history and physical examination with a VAE (venous air embolism) 4.4 ± 2.43 at the time of consultation and 6.7 ± 3.3 in crisis. 20% received kinesic therapy and only 7% occupational therapy. 45.3% of patients having a value of HAQ (health assesment questionnaire) who scored as moderate disability, even if their selfperception of independence reaches 65.9%. Conclusion: The analysis allows us to perform a demographic, clinical and functional profile that allows us to guide rehabilitation actions. (AU)

Síndrome de dolor miofascial / The myofascial pain syndrome

The myofascial pain syndrome is an entity that is often associated with many of the prevalent pathologies that generate musculoskeletal pain distributed in the different body segments (upper extremities, spine and lower extremities), and may be responsible for the chronification of problem if it is not considered, diagnosed and managed in a comprehensive and timely manner in conjunction with the underlying pathology. (AU)

First Direct-Detection Constraints on eV-Scale Hidden-Photon Dark Matter with DAMIC at SNOLAB.

We present direct detection constraints on the absorption of hidden-photon dark matter with particle masses in the range 1.2-30 eV c^{-2} with the DAMIC experiment at SNOLAB. Under the assumption that the local dark matter is entirely constituted of hidden photons, the sensitivity to the kinetic mixing parameter κ is competitive with constraints from solar emission, reaching a minimum value of 2.2×10^{-14} at 17 eV c^{-2}. These results are the most stringent direct detection constraints on hidden-photon dark matter in the galactic halo with masses 3-12 eV c^{-2} and the first demonstration of direct experimental sensitivity to ionization signals <12 eV from dark matter interactions.

Estudio electrodiagnóstico en síndrome de Guillain Barré en adultos / Electrophysiological assessment in Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults

El síndrome de Guillain Barré es una poliradiculoneuropatía aguda con varias formas de presentación y actualmente la principal causa de parálisis aguda arrefléctica en el mundo, su diagnóstico es clínico y los exámenes de apoyo como el electrodiagnóstico son utilizados para realizar el diagnóstico diferencial, clasificar entre las distintas variantes (desmielinizantes o axonales) y definir pronóstico. El propósito de este trabajo es realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura disponible, haciendo énfasis en el estudio electrofisiológico, hallazgos precoces y describir los errores más frecuentes, como también destacar la importancia de realizar la clasificación del cuadro para orientar las acciones de rehabilitación hacia la recuperación funcional.

Guillain Barré syndrome is an acutepolyradiculoneuropathy with differentforms ofpresentation and is currently the leading cause ofacute arreflexicparalysis in the world, its diagnosis is clinical and additional assesment as electrodiagnosis are used for differential diagnosis, rank among the variants (demyelinating or axonal) and define prognosis. The purpose of this paper is to make a narrative review of the literature, emphasizing the electrophysiological study, describing early findings, the most common mistakes, while highlighting the importance of classification chart to guide actions towards rehabilitation and functional recovery.

Cannabis derivatives therapy for a seronegative stiff-person syndrome: a case report.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is an uncommon and disabling disorder characterized by progressive rigidity and episodic painful spasms involving axial and limb musculature. SPS treatment is mostly based on benzodiazepines, baclofen, immunosuppressants and intravenous immunoglobulin. Cannabis derivatives [tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD)] are available as an oromucosal spray (Sativex(®)), indicated as add-on treatment, for symptom improvement in patients with moderate to severe spasticity because of multiple sclerosis (MS). Our objective is to report a case of seronegative SPS successfully treated with THC-CBD oromucosal spray. CASE SUMMARY: We report a case of a 40-year-old man presenting with progressive muscle stiffness and intermittent spasms for 6-years. The diagnosis of stiff-person syndrome was based on the clinical features and neuroelectrophysiologic findings of continuous motor unit activity. Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies was absent in our patient, in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Cannabis derivatives oromucosal spray was introduced after a series of unsatisfactory traditional medical treatments. After 14 months treated with THC-CBD oromucosal spray, improvement was verified in the eight dimensions of the scale of SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Clinical experience with cannabis derivatives in patients with multiple sclerosis is accumulating steadily, but there is no current literature about its efficacy for SPS. Because MS and SPS share some neurological symptoms such as spasticity and rigidity, it is thought that THC-CBC can be an option for SPS patient. Our case report suggests that THC-CBD oromucosal spray is an alternative treatment for patients with refractory SPS, and further validation is appropriate.

Painful procedures in the NICU.

The authors after a brief introduction on the development of the perception of pain in the fetus and newborn, focus attention on the problem of painful procedures that are performed in the neonatal intensive care units reported in the scientific literature. Then report the design of the double-blind study that is taking place from February 2012 at the NICU ARNAS Civic - Palermo using three different concentrations of sucrose as analgesia during venipuncture and heel puncture in term neonates.

Fístula ileovaginal actínica / Actinic ileo-vaginal fistula

Se presentan dos casos clínicos de pacientes que desarrollaron fístulas tardías entre íleon y la vagina secundario a radioterapia pelviana por tumores cervicouterinos. Se detalla el estudio radiológico y el diagnóstico, además de la resolución quirúrgica y evolución postoperatoria.

Tumor neuroendocrino de células pequeñas de anorrecto / Small-cell neuroendocrine tumor of the anorectal area

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de sexo femenino de 44 años con un tumor de la región rectoanal, de tipo neuroendocrino (NE) indiferenciado de células pequeñas. La paciente presentaba al momento del diagnóstico metástasis hepáticas y ganglionares inguinales e intraabdominales múltiples. El tratamiento incluyó el uso de quimioterapia agresiva con cisplatino y etopósido con buena respuesta inicial. Luego de 8 meses de iniciado el tratamiento, se detecta recidiva tumoral en canal anal y pelviana. La radioterapia pelviana logra el control macroscópico completo. Recidiva metastásica hepática múltiple 2 meses después. La paciente fallece luego de 18 meses de detectada su enfermedad.

[Integral computerization of health care for inpatients. Impact on primary care activities]. / Informatización integral de la asistencia sanitaria en el paciente hospitalizado. Repercusión sobre las actividades de atención farmacéutica.

INTRODUCTION: Due to its iatrogenic potential and economic impact, drug prescription is one of the most complex tasks within the health care process. Electronic prescription systems (EPS), and particularly expert systems, increase quality by reducing errors in the prescribing and dispensing processes. Besides, electronic prescription reduces costs. On the other hand, it demands a new equilibrium in the delivery of pharmaceutical services. METHOD: The EPS established at "Hospital de la Ribera" is described. This system is basically characterised by: (1) its integration within the electronic global system throughout a computer network; (2) drugs are ordered directly by physicians in the electronic system; (3) pharmacists access the whole clinical record of patients "in situ"; (4) and integration of clinical activities by pharmacists in the patient medical record. The impact of this system on pharmaceutical care activities such as identification, reporting and documentation of drug-related problems (DRPs) versus traditional approaches is analysed. RESULTS: Access to patient information throughout the system facilitates DRP identification, with a resulting overall prevalence of clinically relevant drug-related problems of 9%. CONCLUSION: The model implemented in our hospital favours the development of clinical activities by pharmacists as it allows communication among health care professionals, activities are permanently recorded in patient medical charts, and a formal document of pharmacist involvement and compromise with the clinical progress and outcome of patients ensues.

Informatización integral de la asistencia sanitaria en el paciente hospitalizado. Repercusión sobre las actividades de atención farmacéutica / Integral computerization of health care for inpatients. Impact on primary care activities

Introducción: La prescripción de medicamentos es una de las tareas más complejas dentro del proceso asistencial, tanto por su potencial iatrogénico, como por su impacto económico. El desarrollo de los sistemas de prescripción informatizada (SPI), y en particular los sistemas expertos, supone una mejora en la calidad asistencial en la medida en que disminuyen los errores en la prescripción y dispensación al tiempo que reducen los costes. Por otra parte, su implantación motiva el establecimiento de un nuevo equilibrio en la provisión de los servicios farmacéuticos. Método: Se describe el sistema de prescripción electrónica establecido en el Hospital de la Ribera que se caracteriza por: a) formar parte del sistema informático integral del hospital; b) la prescripción la realiza directamente el médico en el sistema informático; c) dispone de acceso in situ a la totalidad de la historia clínica del paciente; y d) integra las actividades de atención farmacéutica en la historia clínica del paciente. Se analiza la repercusión del sistema sobre las actividades de atención farmacéutica de identificación, comunicación y documentación de problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRM) frente al sistema tradicional de revisión de la historia farmacoterapéutica. Resultado: El acceso a la información del paciente a través del sistema facilita la identificación de PRM, de manera que la prevalencia global de problemas relacionados con el medicamento con relevancia clínica se sitúa en el 9 por ciento. Conclusiones: El sistema descrito facilita la identificación de problemas relacionados con los medicamentos, la comunicación con el equipo asistencial y permite documentar las actividades de atención farmacéutica en la historia clínica del paciente. (AU)

Intususcepción colorrectal / Colorectal intussusception

La intususcepción o invaginación colorrectal es una patología de baja frecuencia. Se manifiesta por dificultad y obstrucción en la defecación, acompañado de eliminación de sangre y mucus por el recto. Se diagnostica mediante el examen digital y endoscópico del recto. Se presenta un paciente de 70 años operado de una patología de origen biliar, que en el postoperatorio inmediato debuta con síntomas del área coloproctológica. El tacto rectal y la rectoscopía revelan la presencia de un tumor sigmoideo que provoca la intususcepción de éste en la ampolla rectal. Se opera realizándose una resección anterior de recto y anastomosis colorrectal con sutura mecánica.

Cirugía colorrectal por videolaparoscopia en el Hospital Militar de Santiago / Colorrectal surgery by videolaparoscopy at Hospital Militar, Santiago

En el período comprendido entre marzo de 1993 y marzo de 2001 se realizaron en el Hospital Militar 46 cirugías colorrectales asistidas por videolaparoscopias. Entre las patologías más operadas están los cánceres colorrectales con un 37 por ciento y la enfermedad diverticular complicada con 30,4 por ciento. La técnica quirúrgica más empleada fue la colectomía izquierda con un 28,2 por ciento. Cinco pacientes requirieron conversión a cirugía tradicional, dos de ellos portadores de cáncer. Los resultados de esta cirugía del punto de vista oncológico no difirió con lo obtenidos tradicionalmente con la cirugía abierta

[General features of myocardial protection in heart surgery]. / Aspectos generales de la protección miocárdica en cirugía cardiaca.

Cardioplegia solutions commonly used in cardiac surgery, without doubt, have decreased the damage to the myocardium during these procedures; nonetheless, optimal cardioplegia composition is still under investigation, one of the most important factors to date is the use of hypothermia. Intermittent cold cardioplegia has been adopted as the choice for myocardial protection by surgeons. An alternative method, based on the principles of electromechanic asystole and normothermic aerobic perfusion, is the use of blood cardioplegia. As Follete et al. demonstrated, blood cardioplegia protects more than asanguineous cardioplegia, this conclusion is based on abnormal electrocardiographic tracings and enzyme activity in the postoperative period when both methods are compared. In this review we make a brief introduction on the physiologic and ischemic conditions of the myocardial cell, as well as on the principles of myocardial protection and techniques designed to avoid ischemic damage.

Cessation of terapy in chilhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Two hundred and sevently patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the pediatric age were studied and treated during 1969-1993 with different therapeutical shemes which virtually all included in the protocols of the Latin America Group for the Treatment of Malignant Hemopathics (GLATEM). These patients have been treated in different hospitals of Cuba, and most of them were in first complete remission. Of the total of patients, 8 have been treated before GLATEM protocols; 92 were treated with schemes of the 70s and the remaining ones included in more recent protocols. Patients were included in the study once they finished their treatment, and they were followed during several years with clinical and hematological control. Pronostic group classification was carried out mainly in relation to age and leukocyte count., considerating three group:good, intermediate and Poor. The CNS relapses being of the best course and those of bone marrow of the most unfavorable one. An important number of patients had their therapy stopped a second time. The high nomber of patients, event-free for several years without treatment; show that true cures can be attained in All children (AU)

Leucemia linfoblástica aguda en niños resultados del tratamiento en 24 años

Se realiza un estudio de 186 niños diagnósticados de leucemia linfoblástica aguda de 1972 a 1995 y tratados con distintos esquemas terapéuticos, casi todos incluidos en los protocolos del grupo latinoamericano de tratamiento de homeopatías malignas. Los grupos se clasificaron en bueno, intermedio y malo. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en los porcentaje de sobrevida BIM en los protocolos de la década de los 70, mientras en los esquemas tipo BFM se borran las diferencias entre bueno e intermedio, persistiendo una sobrevida menor en el grupo de pronóstico malo. Los factores pronósticos analizados en forma aislada que tuvieron importancia significativa en los porcentajes de sobrevida fueron: la edad, la esplenomegalia y la cifra de leucocitos suuperior a 50x10/1 (AU)