RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Diaphyseal fractures of the forearm comprise 6%-10% of all fractures in children. The treatment depends on the age and type of displacement, and conservative and surgical management with fixation of intramedullary nails, among other techniques, is valid. The aim is to show the radiological and functional outcomes, and complications of intramedullary fixation with Kirschner nails in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive case series of patients treated with intramedullary fixation of forearm fractures. The radiological and functional results, and complications are correlated. RESULTS: Of the 117 patients operated, 59 met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 10 years. Eighty-four point seven percent were males and the left side was the most affected (62.7%). In 88.1% both bones were fractured and 11 cases had open fractures. An open reduction was performed in 72.8% of the cases, the main indications for this being instability, failed reduction and refracture. There were 52 excellent outcomes, 2 good, and 4 regular and 1 bad. There were 13.5% minor complications. DISCUSSION: This study shows that intramedullary fixation with Kirschner nails in radius and ulna diaphysis fractures in children is a safe, low-cost procedure and offers adequate short and medium term functional outcomes, with a low prevalence of serious complications with only 6 cases of non-consolidation and refracture. Larger preoperative angulations in the anteroposterior and lateral planes, and lateral postoperative angulations, could be considered predictors of less satisfactory functional results.
Assuntos
Fios Ortopédicos , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas/métodos , Fraturas do Rádio/cirurgia , Fraturas da Ulna/cirurgia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diáfises/diagnóstico por imagem , Diáfises/lesões , Diáfises/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas/instrumentação , Humanos , Masculino , Radiografia , Fraturas do Rádio/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Fraturas da Ulna/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Resumen: La anatomía neurovascular independiente de la cabeza larga del tríceps braquial y su idoneidad como un colgajo muscular libre han sido ampliamente estudiadas. En cambio, la trasposición de esta porción del tríceps para mejorar la flexión de codo ha sido descrita pocas veces. Se describen en este artículo dos casos de secuela de lesión del plexo braquial, en los que se realizó trasposición únicamente de la cabeza larga del tríceps. Se logró mejorar la flexión del codo y se conservó la extensión del mismo.
Abstract: The independent neurovascular anatomy of the long head of the triceps brachii and its suitability as a free muscle transfer have been extensively studied. Instead muscle transposition of the long head of the triceps brachii to enhance elbow flexion has been rarely described. We describe in this paper two cases of injury of brachial plexus sequel in which transposition was performed only on the long head of the triceps. The elbow flexion was improved, the extension was preserved.
Assuntos
Humanos , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/complicações , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/terapia , Articulação do Cotovelo , Braço , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Músculo Esquelético , CotoveloRESUMO
Resumen: En la fractura del radio distal se requieren proyecciones radiológicas que permitan ver adecuadamente la superficie articular sin interposición de estructuras. El objetivo fue determinar si las proyecciones radiológicas laterales a 7 y 22o mejoran el análisis de esta superficie. Método: Serie de casos con radiografías de pacientes sanos y operados para identificar las facetas del semilunar y escafoides en las proyecciones lateral y anteroposterior, igualmente se evaluó con tornillos. Se analizaron cualitativamente los hallazgos obtenidos en las radiografías de 7 y 22o para la proyección lateral y de 11o en la anteroposterior. Resultados: 14 radiografías de voluntarios sanos, 10 pacientes con fractura de radio que recibieron osteosíntesis y dos piezas anatómicas. En los 14 sanos y los 10 pacientes se encontró que en las proyecciones a 7 y 22o pueden apreciarse mejor las carillas radio-semilunar y radio-escafoides respectivamente, observando imágenes con menor superposición de estructuras en la radiografía de 22o tanto en los sanos como en los pacientes con fracturas. Discusión: Las proyecciones radiológicas son importantes para poder determinar los resultados inmediatos de una osteosíntesis realizada en una fractura de radio distal. En este estudio se observa que la proyección lateral a 7o identifica mejor la posición de los tornillos ubicados en la carilla semilunar del radio. La proyección lateral a 22o muestra mejor la carilla con el escafoides. Por último en la proyección anteroposterior a 11o nos permite ver la articulación radiocarpiana con menor superposición de imágenes.
Abstract: In the distal radius fracture requires radiographic views that allow you to see the articular surface without interposition. The objective was to determine whether lateral radiographic projections 7 and 22o improve the analysis of this surface. Method: Case series study with radiographs of healthy and operated patients, in order to identify the lunate and scaphoid facets in lateral and anteroposterior projections. Qualitative analysis was made on the radiographs of the distal radius with wedges of 7 and 22o in the lateral views and 11o in the anteroposterior view. Results: There were evaluated 14 radiographs of the distal radius of healthy volunteers and 10 patients with distal radius fractures who recieved surgery with internal fixation, and also two anatomical models. In 14 healthy and 10 patients, it was found that the views at 7 and 22o can be better appreciated radio lunate and radio scaphoid surface respectively, observing images with less overlapping in the radiograph of 22o in both groups. Discussion: Radiographic views are important to determine the immediate results of fixation on a distal radius fracture. We observe that the lateral view at 7o is better to show the screws on the lunate facet of the radius. The lateral view at 22o is better to show the facet of the radius with the scaphoid. Finally, the anteroposterior projection at 11o allows us to see the radio carpal joint with lower image overlay.
Assuntos
Fraturas do Rádio/cirurgia , Fraturas do Rádio/diagnóstico por imagem , Punho/diagnóstico por imagem , Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Rádio (Anatomia)/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Punho , Raios XRESUMO
The independent neurovascular anatomy of the long head of the triceps brachii and its suitability as a free muscle transfer have been extensively studied. Instead muscle transposition of the long head of the triceps brachii to enhance elbow flexion has been rarely described. We describe in this paper two cases of injury of brachial plexus sequel in which transposition was performed only on the long head of the triceps. The elbow flexion was improved, the extension was preserved.
La anatomía neurovascular independiente de la cabeza larga del tríceps braquial y su idoneidad como un colgajo muscular libre han sido ampliamente estudiadas. En cambio, la trasposición de esta porción del tríceps para mejorar la flexión de codo ha sido descrita pocas veces. Se describen en este artículo dos casos de secuela de lesión del plexo braquial, en los que se realizó trasposición únicamente de la cabeza larga del tríceps. Se logró mejorar la flexión del codo y se conservó la extensión del mismo.
Assuntos
Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial , Articulação do Cotovelo , Braço , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/complicações , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/terapia , Cotovelo , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético , Amplitude de Movimento ArticularRESUMO
In the distal radius fracture requires radiographic views that allow you to see the articular surface without interposition. The objective was to determine whether lateral radiographic projections 7 and 22° improve the analysis of this surface. METHOD: Case series study with radiographs of healthy and operated patients, in order to identify the lunate and scaphoid facets in lateral and anteroposterior projections. Qualitative analysis was made on the radiographs of the distal radius with wedges of 7 and 22° in the lateral views and 11° in the anteroposterior view. RESULTS: There were evaluated 14 radiographs of the distal radius of healthy volunteers and 10 patients with distal radius fractures who recieved surgery with internal fixation, and also two anatomical models. In 14 healthy and 10 patients, it was found that the views at 7 and 22° can be better appreciated radio lunate and radio scaphoid surface respectively, observing images with less overlapping in the radiograph of 22° in both groups. DISCUSSION: Radiographic views are important to determine the immediate results of fixation on a distal radius fracture. We observe that the lateral view at 7° is better to show the screws on the lunate facet of the radius. The lateral view at 22° is better to show the facet of the radius with the scaphoid. Finally, the anteroposterior projection at 11° allows us to see the radio carpal joint with lower image overlay.
En la fractura del radio distal se requieren proyecciones radiológicas que permitan ver adecuadamente la superficie articular sin interposición de estructuras. El objetivo fue determinar si las proyecciones radiológicas laterales a 7 y 22° mejoran el análisis de esta superficie. Método: Serie de casos con radiografías de pacientes sanos y operados para identificar las facetas del semilunar y escafoides en las proyecciones lateral y anteroposterior, igualmente se evaluó con tornillos. Se analizaron cualitativamente los hallazgos obtenidos en las radiografías de 7 y 22° para la proyección lateral y de 11° en la anteroposterior. Resultados: 14 radiografías de voluntarios sanos, 10 pacientes con fractura de radio que recibieron osteosíntesis y dos piezas anatómicas. En los 14 sanos y los 10 pacientes se encontró que en las proyecciones a 7 y 22° pueden apreciarse mejor las carillas radio-semilunar y radio-escafoides respectivamente, observando imágenes con menor superposición de estructuras en la radiografía de 22° tanto en los sanos como en los pacientes con fracturas. Discusión: Las proyecciones radiológicas son importantes para poder determinar los resultados inmediatos de una osteosíntesis realizada en una fractura de radio distal. En este estudio se observa que la proyección lateral a 7° identifica mejor la posición de los tornillos ubicados en la carilla semilunar del radio. La proyección lateral a 22° muestra mejor la carilla con el escafoides. Por último en la proyección anteroposterior a 11° nos permite ver la articulación radiocarpiana con menor superposición de imágenes.
Assuntos
Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Fraturas do Rádio , Punho , Humanos , Rádio (Anatomia)/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas do Rádio/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas do Rádio/cirurgia , Punho/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Punho , Raios XRESUMO
The development of deep vein thrombosis in an osteoarticular infection in children is rare. We report the case of two siblings with an osteoarticular infection in the hip and in the knee, respectively, who developed deep vein thrombosis and, in one sibling, pulmonary thromboembolism. The only hematological alteration found was reduction of anti-thrombin III in both patients. This reduction was acquired and secondary to sepsis due to Staphylococcus aureus. Anti-thrombin III levels recovered after 2 weeks of treatment. The association of deep vein thrombosis and osteoarticular infection with sepsis should lead to suspicion of hematological deficiencies, including acquired anti-thrombin III deficiency.