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1.
Clin Nutr ; 40(5): 3622-3630, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33451859

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and propionic acidemia (PA) are inborn errors of metabolism. While survival of MMA and PA patients has improved in recent decades, long-term outcome is still unsatisfactory. A protein restricted diet is the mainstay for treatment. Additional amino acid mixtures (AAM) can be prescribed if natural protein is insufficient. It is unknown if dietary treatment can have an impact on outcome. DESIGN: We performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study and evaluated both longitudinal dietary treatment and clinical course of Dutch MMA and PA patients. Protein prescription was compared to the recommended daily allowances (RDA); the safe level of protein intake as provided by the World Health Organization. The association of longitudinal dietary treatment with long-term outcome was evaluated. RESULTS: The cohort included 76 patients with a median retrospective follow-up period of 15 years (min-max: 0-48 years) and a total of 1063 patient years on a protein restricted diet. Natural protein prescription exceeded the RDA in 37% (470/1287) of all prescriptions and due to AAM prescription, the total protein prescription exceeded RDA in 84% (1070/1277). Higher protein prescriptions were associated with adverse outcomes in severely affected patients. In PA early onset patients a higher natural protein prescription was associated with more frequent AMD. In MMA vitamin B12 unresponsive patients, both a higher total protein prescription and AAM protein prescription were associated with more mitochondrial complications. A higher AAM protein prescription was associated with an increased frequency of cognitive impairment in the entire. CONCLUSION: Protein intake in excess of recommendations is frequent and is associated with poor outcome.


Assuntos
Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos , Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas , Acidemia Propiônica , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/complicações , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/dietoterapia , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/epidemiologia , Aminoácidos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Proteínas Alimentares/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acidemia Propiônica/complicações , Acidemia Propiônica/dietoterapia , Acidemia Propiônica/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
2.
Orphanet J Rare Dis ; 15(1): 68, 2020 03 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32143654

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pathophysiology of life-threatening acute metabolic decompensations (AMD) in propionic acidemia (PA) and isolated methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is insufficiently understood. Here, we study the metabolomes of PA and MMA patients over time, to improve insight in which biochemical processes are at play during AMD. METHODS: Longitudinal data from clinical chemistry analyses and metabolic assays over the life-course of 11 PA and 13 MMA patients were studied retrospectively. Direct-infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed on 234 and 154 remnant dried blood spot and plasma samples of PA and MMA patients, respectively. In addition, a systematic literature search was performed on reported biomarkers. All results were integrated in an assessment of biochemical processes at play during AMD. RESULTS: We confirmed many of the metabolite alterations reported in literature, including increases of plasma valine and isoleucine during AMD in PA patients. We revealed that plasma leucine and phenylalanine, and urinary pyruvic acid were increased during AMD in PA patients. 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid correlated positively with plasma ammonia. We found that known diagnostic biomarkers were not significantly further increased, while intermediates of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation pathway were significantly increased during AMD. CONCLUSIONS: We revealed that during AMD in PA and MMA, BCAA and BCAA intermediates accumulate, while known diagnostic biomarkers remain essentially unaltered. This implies that these acidic BCAA intermediates are responsible for metabolic acidosis. Based on this, we suggest to measure plasma 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and urinary ketones or 3-hydroxybutyric acid for the biochemical follow-up of a patient's metabolic stability.


Assuntos
Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos , Fenômenos Bioquímicos , Acidemia Propiônica , Humanos , Leucina , Ácido Metilmalônico , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Sci Rep ; 7(1): 13112, 2017 10 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29030642

RESUMO

Urea cycle enzyme deficiency (UCED) patients with hyperammonemia are treated with sodium benzoate (SB) and sodium phenylacetate (SPA) to induce alternative pathways of nitrogen excretion. The suggested guidelines supporting their use in the management of hyperammonemia are primarily based on non-analytic studies such as case reports and case series. Canine congenital portosystemic shunting (CPSS) is a naturally occurring model for hyperammonemia. Here, we performed cross-over, randomized, placebo-controlled studies in healthy dogs to assess safety and pharmacokinetics of SB and SPA (phase I). As follow-up safety and efficacy of SB was evaluated in CPSS-dogs with hyperammonemia (phase II). Pharmacokinetics of SB and SPA were comparable to those reported in humans. Treatment with SB and SPA was safe and both nitrogen scavengers were converted into their respective metabolites hippuric acid and phenylacetylglutamine or phenylacetylglycine, with a preference for phenylacetylglycine. In CPSS-dogs, treatment with SB resulted in the same effect on plasma ammonia as the control treatment (i.e. saline infusion) suggesting that the decrease is a result of volume expansion and/or forced diuresis rather than increased production of nitrogenous waste. Consequentially, treatment of hyperammonemia justifies additional/placebo-controlled trials in human medicine.


Assuntos
Hiperamonemia/tratamento farmacológico , Nitrogênio/sangue , Águas Salinas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Cães , Feminino , Hiperamonemia/sangue , Masculino , Fenilacetatos/efeitos adversos , Fenilacetatos/farmacocinética , Fenilacetatos/uso terapêutico , Distribuição Aleatória , Benzoato de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Benzoato de Sódio/farmacocinética , Benzoato de Sódio/uso terapêutico
4.
Tijdschr Psychiatr ; 58(5): 402-6, 2016.
Artigo em Holandês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27213640

RESUMO

Metabolic diseases can be associated with psychiatric symptoms. We present two case histories that demonstrate the importance of correctly diagnosing a metabolic disease as being the cause of psychiatric symptoms. We also discuss which symptoms or signals may indicate a metabolic disease.


Assuntos
Doenças por Armazenamento dos Lisossomos/diagnóstico , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Doença de Niemann-Pick Tipo C/diagnóstico , Vesículas Secretórias/metabolismo , Adulto , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
5.
J Inherit Metab Dis ; 39(5): 651-660, 2016 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27099181

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Amino acidopathies are a class of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) that can be diagnosed by analysis of amino acids (AA) in plasma. Current strategies for AA analysis include cation exchange HPLC with post-column ninhydrin derivatization, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS-related methods. Major drawbacks of the current methods are time-consuming procedures, derivative problems, problems with retention, and MS-sensitivity. The use of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns is an ideal separation mode for hydrophilic compounds like AA. Here we report a HILIC-method for analysis of 36 underivatized AA in plasma to detect defects in AA metabolism that overcomes the major drawbacks of other methods. METHODS: A rapid, sensitive, and specific method was developed for the analysis of AA in plasma without derivatization using HILIC coupled with tandem mass-spectrometry (Xevo TQ, Waters). RESULTS: Excellent separation of 36 AA (24 quantitative/12 qualitative) in plasma was achieved on an Acquity BEH Amide column (2.1×100 mm, 1.7 µm) in a single MS run of 18 min. Plasma of patients with a known IEM in AA metabolism was analyzed and all patients were correctly identified. CONCLUSION: The reported method analyzes 36 AA in plasma within 18 min and provides baseline separation of isomeric AA such as leucine and isoleucine. No separation was obtained for isoleucine and allo-isoleucine. The method is applicable to study defects in AA metabolism in plasma.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos/sangue , Plasma/química , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/sangue , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/diagnóstico , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Humanos , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/sangue , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/diagnóstico , Análise Espectral/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos
6.
Mol Psychiatry ; 20(12): 1557-64, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25666758

RESUMO

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) coagonists glycine, D-serine and L-proline play crucial roles in NMDAR-dependent neurotransmission and are associated with a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. We conducted the first genome-wide association study of concentrations of these coagonists and their enantiomers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human subjects from the general population (N=414). Genetic variants at chromosome 22q11.2, located in and near PRODH (proline dehydrogenase), were associated with L-proline in plasma (ß=0.29; P=6.38 × 10(-10)). The missense variant rs17279437 in the proline transporter SLC6A20 was associated with L-proline in CSF (ß=0.28; P=9.68 × 10(-9)). Suggestive evidence of association was found for the D-serine plasma-CSF ratio at the D-amino-acid oxidase (DAO) gene (ß=-0.28; P=9.08 × 10(-8)), whereas a variant in SRR (that encodes serine racemase and is associated with schizophrenia) constituted the most strongly associated locus for the L-serine to D-serine ratio in CSF. All these genes are highly expressed in rodent meninges and choroid plexus, anatomical regions relevant to CSF physiology. The enzymes and transporters they encode may be targeted to further construe the nature of NMDAR coagonist involvement in NMDAR gating. Furthermore, the highlighted genetic variants may be followed up in clinical populations, for example, schizophrenia and 22q11 deletion syndrome. Overall, this targeted metabolomics approach furthers the understanding of NMDAR coagonist concentration variability and sets the stage for non-targeted CSF metabolomics projects.


Assuntos
Alanina/metabolismo , Glicina/metabolismo , Prolina/metabolismo , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/agonistas , Serina/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Alanina/sangue , Alanina/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Cromatografia Líquida , Feminino , Variação Genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Glicina/sangue , Glicina/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prolina/sangue , Prolina/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Prolina Oxidase/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Serina/sangue , Serina/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Adulto Jovem
8.
J Inherit Metab Dis ; 36(4): 613-9, 2013 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23463425

RESUMO

Serine deficiency disorders are caused by a defect in one of the three synthesising enzymes of the L-serine biosynthesis pathway. Serine deficiency disorders give rise to a neurological phenotype with psychomotor retardation, microcephaly and seizures in newborns and children or progressive polyneuropathy in adult patients. There are three defects that cause serine deficiency of which 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3-PGDH) deficiency, the defect affecting the first step in the pathway, has been reported most frequently. The other two disorders in L-serine biosynthesis phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT) deficiency and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP) deficiency have been reported only in a limited number of patients. The biochemical hallmarks of all three disorders are low concentrations of serine in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Prompt recognition of affected patients is important, since serine deficiency disorders are treatable causes of neurometabolic disorders. The use of age-related reference values for serine in CSF and plasma can be of great help in establishing a correct diagnosis of serine deficiency, in particular in newborns and young children.


Assuntos
Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/patologia , Serina/deficiência , Adolescente , Adulto , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/sangue , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Microcefalia/sangue , Microcefalia/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Microcefalia/tratamento farmacológico , Fosfoglicerato Desidrogenase/deficiência , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases/deficiência , Transtornos Psicomotores/sangue , Transtornos Psicomotores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Transtornos Psicomotores/tratamento farmacológico , Convulsões/sangue , Convulsões/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Serina/biossíntese , Serina/sangue , Serina/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Transaminases/sangue , Transaminases/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Transaminases/deficiência , Adulto Jovem
9.
Anal Chim Acta ; 712: 108-14, 2012 Jan 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22177072

RESUMO

Since vitamin B6 is essential for normal functioning of the central nervous system, there is growing need for sensitive analysis of B6 vitamers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This manuscript describes the development and validation of a rapid, sensitive and accurate method for quantification of the vitamin B6 vitamers pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxic acid (PA), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) and pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) in human CSF. The method is based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with a simple sample preparation procedure of protein precipitation using 50 g L(-1) trichloroacetic acid containing stable isotope labeled internal standards: PL-D(3) for PL and PM, PN-(13)C(4) for PN, PA-D(2) for PA and PLP-D(3) for the phosphorylated vitamers. B6 vitamers were separated (Acquity HSS-T3 UPLC column) with a buffer containing acetic acid, heptafluorobutyric acid and acetonitrile. Positive electrospray ionization was used to monitor transitions m/z 168.1→150.1 (PL), 169.1→134.1 (PM), 170.1→134.1 (PN), 184.1→148.1 (PA), 248.1→150.1 (PLP), 249.1→232.1 (PMP) and 250.1→134.1 (PNP). The method was validated at three concentration levels for each B6 vitamer in CSF. Recoveries of the internal standards were between 93% and 96%. Intra- and inter-assay variations were below 20%. Accuracy tests showed deviations from 3% (PN) to 39% (PMP). Limits of quantification were in the range of 0.03-5.37 nM. Poor results were obtained for quantification of PNP. The method was applied to CSF samples of 20 subjects and two patients on pyridoxine supplementation. Using minimal CSF volumes this method is suitable for implementation in a routine diagnostic setting.


Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Vitamina B 6/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Isótopos de Carbono/química , Humanos , Marcação por Isótopo , Ácido Tricloroacético/química
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