Perforated cuspal aneurysm of aortic valve following infective endocarditis presenting as complete heart block: a case report and review of literature.

Aortic cuspal aneurysm is a rare clinical entity and often occurs as a complication of infective endocarditis. We report a case of a 30-year-old male with no prior comorbid conditions who presented with fever, acute onset shortness of breath, and chest pain along with multiple episodes of syncope. Electrocardiogram revealed complete heart block while two-dimensional echocardiogram was suggestive of perforated aortic cuspal aneurysm with aortic regurgitation. Blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus viridans. The patient was initiated on broad spectrum antibiotics, temporary pacemaker implantation, and subsequently underwent aortic valve replacement followed by permanent pacemaker implantation after 6 weeks. A diagnosis of perforated aortic cuspal aneurysm subsequent to infective endocarditis was made. This was based on clinical presentation, echocardiographic evaluation, blood cultures, and surgical as well as histopathological findings.

Lr80: A new and widely effective source of leaf rust resistance of wheat for enhancing diversity of resistance among modern cultivars.

KEY MESSAGE: A new leaf rust resistance gene Lr80 was identified and closely linked markers were developed for its successful pyramiding with other marker-tagged genes to achieve durable control of leaf rust. Common wheat landrace Hango-2, collected in 2006 from the Himalayan area of Hango, District Kinnaur, in Himachal Pradesh, exhibited a very low infection type (IT;) at the seedling stage to all Indian Puccinia triticina (Pt) pathotypes, except the pathotype 5R9-7 which produced IT 3+. Genetic analysis based on Agra Local/Hango-2-derived F3 families indicated monogenic control of leaf rust resistance, and the underlying locus was temporarily named LrH2. Bulked segregant analysis using 303 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers located LrH2 in the short arm of chromosome 2D. An additional set of 10 chromosome 2DS-specific markers showed polymorphism between the parents and these were mapped on the entire Agra Local/Hango-2 F3 population. LrH2 was flanked by markers cau96 (distally) and barc124 (proximally). The 90 K Infinium SNP array was used to identify SNP markers linked with LrH2. Markers KASP_17425 and KASP_17148 showed association with LrH2. Comparison of seedling leaf rust response data and marker locations across different maps demonstrated the uniqueness of LrH2 and it was formally named Lr80. The Lr80-linked markers KASP_17425, KASP_17148 and barc124 amplified alleles/products different to Hango-2 in 82 Australian cultivars indicating their robustness for marker-assisted selection of this gene in wheat breeding programs.

A retroaortic left renal vein associated with a partially bifid left ureter - case report

During routine dissection of the retroperitoneal region in our Department, we observed rare variation as a retro-aortic left renal vein associated with a partially bifid left ureter in a 56 year old female. The left renal vein, after receiving its tributaries, the left ovarian and the left suprarenal veins, acquired an oblique course to the level of the intervertebral disc between L3-L4, and then, instead of passing anterior, the left renal vein traversed posterior to the aorta to finally drain into the inferior vena cava. On the same side, the ureter was partially bifid, uniting one cm above the pelvic brim to drain normally into the bladder

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Profile of oral squamous cell cancer in a tertiary level medical college hospital: a 10 yr study.

To know the clinical and epidemiological characteristics & management strategies for the patients who underwent surgery for oral Squamous Cell Cancer (SCC) in a medical college hospital. Data pertaining to clinico-epidemiological factors & surgical management for oral cancer were analyzed in patients admitted to a tertiary level medical college hospital. Records of 139 patients admitted over a period of 10 years (January 1998 to December 2007) were used for data analysis. Only patients with complete records were included in the analysis. M: F ratio was 2.2:1 with average age of patients being 50.4 years. Tobacco chewing & smoking were major predisposing factors identified. Oral ulcer was the most common symptom while buccal mucosa, tongue & lower alveolus were three most common primary tumor sites. Majority of tumors were stage IV at presentation (52 %). Wide excision of tumor was done in 46 % of cases while in 54 % cases commando procedure was done. Reconstruction after either commando or wide excision was done in half of the patients. Pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap was used in majority of cases for reconstruction. Neck dissection was done in 67 % patients. Majority (85 %) of these were radical neck dissection (RND). Per operative blood transfusions were required in 64 % patients while 19 % patients needed post operative transfusion. Post operative complications were noted in 34 % of the patients. Of these majority were related to wound infection & orocutaneous fistula formation. Hospital stay varied from 7 to 105 days with the mean duration of 30 days. Two year follow up revealed a recurrence rate of 36 %. Majority of the patients presented at an advanced stage due to self as well as professional delay in diagnosis. This leads to difficulty in resection of the primary tumor as well as reconstruction of the defect. A higher rate of recurrence after surgery is also seen. Post operative complications increase the morbidity which is reflected by an increase in the hospital stay (19 days Vs 46 days).

Alterations in biochemical profile of liver and ovary in zinc-exposed fresh water murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch).

Sub-chronic exposure (15 days) of Channa punctatus to sub-lethal concentrations of zinc (10, 15 and 25 Zn mg l(-1)) resulted in a significant decline of hepatic and ovarian glycogen, cholesterol, total proteins and total lipids. DNA and RNA contents were also estimated in the ovary. These parameters simultaneously decline with an increase in dose and duration of the experiment. A decline in all parameters studied thus reflects an adverse influence of Zn exposure on metabolism as well as reproductive activity of the fish.