Nevus comedonicus of glans with unusual morphology due to manipulation.

Nevus comedonicus, an uncommon skin condition, was originally termed "comedo nevus" by Kofmann in 1895. It is characterized by the clusters of pits-containing black keratinous plugs resembling blackheads. Conventionally, nevus comedonicus manifests at birth (in 50% of cases) or during the first decade of life. The commonly affected areas include the head, neck, chest, upper, and lower limbs, with patterns ranging from unilateral, bilateral, linear, interrupted, segmental, to blaschkoid. While genital nevus comedonicus is rare, some cases have been reported. In this report, we present a case of nevus comedonicus on the glans, underscoring the importance of considering nonsexually transmitted disease-related causes for genital lesions.

A Review on the Use of Metformin in Pregnancy and Its Associated Fetal Outcomes.

A commonly used first-line anti-diabetic medication, metformin, has been used in pregnancy. The drug is known to have specific effects on different organs around the body. One of these organs includes the ovaries. Therefore, for more than 40 years, it has often been prescribed for maternal obesity along with gestational diabetes mellitus. Untreated pregnancies like these frequently result in complications for both the mother and the fetus, like macrosomia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, obstructed labor, stillbirths, and perinatal deaths. In addition, there is also evidence that these mothers tend to develop type II diabetes mellitus during their pregnancy and even a few years post-delivery. These complications can be controlled or even reduced with the help of metformin, sometimes combining it with insulin or clomiphene citrate if required. There is still a need to cautiously prescribe the drug by outweighing its benefits against the risk associated with it. The current research on the subject leans more towards the benefits offered to the mother during pregnancy. Only a few randomized, controlled trials have been conducted on the fetal condition after the mother has been administered metformin. Furthermore, these studies lack the appropriate sample size and long-term follow-up on these metformin-exposed offspring. As a result, there are no reliable data available to clinicians and physicians about the drug. Owing to its benefits in certain pregnancies, it is less likely that the drug will cease to be prescribed. Therefore, it becomes increasingly imperative to conduct more research on this topic to ensure the drug is safe for the mother and the offspring.