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1.
BMC Med Imaging ; 21(1): 18, 2021 02 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33546626

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Accurate staging of patients with gastric cancer is necessary for selection of the most appropriate and personalized therapy. Computed tomography (CT) is currently used as primary staging tool, being widely available with a relatively high accuracy for the detection of parenchymal metastases, but with low sensitivity for the detection of peritoneal metastases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has a very high contrast resolution, suggesting a higher diagnostic performance in the detection of small peritoneal lesions. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the added value of whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DWI/MRI) to CT for detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) and distant metastases in the preoperative staging of gastric cancer. METHODS: This retrospective study included thirty-two patients with a suspicion of gastric cancer/recurrence, who underwent WB-DWI/MRI at 1.5 T, in addition to CT of thorax and abdomen. Images were evaluated by two experienced abdominal radiologists in consensus. Histopathology, laparoscopy and/or 1-year follow-up were used as reference standard. RESULTS: For overall tumour detection (n = 32), CT sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) was 83.3%, 100%, 100% and 82.4% respectively. For WB-DWI/MRI these values were 100%, 92.9%, 94.7% and 100%, respectively. For staging (n = 18) malignant lymph nodes and metastases, CT had a sensitivity, specificity/PPV/NPV of 50%/100%/100%/71.4%, and 15.4%/100%/100%/31.3% respectively. For WB-DWI/MRI, all values were 100%, for both malignant lymph nodes and metastases. WB-DWI/MRI was significantly better than CT in detecting tumour infiltration of the mesenteric root, serosal involvement of the small bowel and peritoneal metastases for which WB-DWI/MRI was correct in 100% of these cases, CT 0%. CONCLUSIONS: WB-DWI/MRI is highly accurate for diagnosis, staging and follow-up of patients with suspected gastric cancer.


Assuntos
Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Imagem Corporal Total/métodos , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/patologia , Meios de Contraste , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Peritoneais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Peritoneais/secundário , Projetos Piloto , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Período Pré-Operatório , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
Surg Technol Int ; 36: 90-94, 2020 May 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31898806

RESUMO

This retrospective study reveals the results of our approach to the treatment of complex ventral hernias. A single-center, single-surgeon retrospective chart review on 68 consecutive patients who underwent abdominal wall reconstruction for incisional herniation on the midline between January 2012 and December 2016 is presented. The Bonheiden technique is based on anterior component separation in combination with preperitoneal retromuscular mesh reinforcement of the midline. Data of 68 consecutive cases of incisional midline abdominal wall defects treated electively with the mesh reinforced anterior component separation technique were analyzed. Demographics, patient characteristics, and hernia properties were evaluated. Postoperative complications included 28% of wound infections/dehiscence, 25% seromas, and 7% hematomas. No recurrences have been seen. We conclude this technique to be safe and reliable for large midline defects in patients suffering with several comorbidities.


Assuntos
Parede Abdominal , Músculos Abdominais , Hérnia Ventral , Herniorrafia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Telas Cirúrgicas
3.
World J Surg Oncol ; 15(1): 54, 2017 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28253875

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The waiting interval after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is an interesting therapeutic window to treat patients with synchronous liver metastases (SLM) from rectal cancer. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 18 consecutive patients (M/F 10/8, age (range) 60 (51-75) years) from five institutions who underwent liver resection of SLM during the waiting interval after CRT for rectal adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: All patients underwent interval liver surgery for a median (range) of 4 (2-14) liver metastases. Metastases involved a median (range) of 4 (1-7) liver segments. Median (range) time between end of CRT and liver surgery was 22 (6-45) days. Laparoscopic liver surgery was performed in 12 (67%) patients. No severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) occurred after liver surgery. Median (range) length of hospital stay after liver surgery was 5 (1-10) days. All patients subsequently underwent rectal resection at a median (range) of 10 (8-13) weeks after end of CRT. Median (IQR) time-to-progression after liver surgery was 4.2 (2.8-9.2) months. CONCLUSIONS: The waiting interval after neoadjuvant CRT is a valuable option to treat SLM from rectal cancer. More data are necessary to confirm its oncological efficacy.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hepatectomia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Retais/patologia
4.
Surg Technol Int ; 30: 151-154, 2016 Dec 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27984848

RESUMO

Following our previous study about a lightweight self-adhering mesh (Adhesix®, Cousin Biotech, Wervicq-Sud, France; distributed by Davol Inc., subsidiary of C.R. Bard, Inc.), we report the long-term results with the use of this mesh in patients treated for a primary, unilateral inguinal hernia without any other hernias. Prospectively collected data of 100 patients between February 2011 and February 2014 were analyzed. The mean follow-up time was 2.7 years (range 1-4), and mean length of hospital stay was 0.6 days (range 0.5-1). At the time of the last follow-up visit, two patients (2%) had a recurrent inguinal hernia. Compared to preoperative values, patients reported a significant reduction in their pain sensation (visual analogue scale, VAS) after one month (4.61 vs. 1.32; P<0.001). A difference in VAS scores remained significant at the last follow-up visit (1.31 vs. 0.28; P<0.001). Patients reported high quality of life scores. Only one patient (1%) developed a clinically significant seroma that required an evacuating puncture. Two patients (2%) had superficial wound infections. Neither mesh infections nor mortalities occurred. This study, with a long follow-up, confirms our previous results: use of the Adhesix® mesh is safe, feasible, and efficient in laparoscopic hernia repair.


Assuntos
Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Herniorrafia/métodos , Laparoscopia , Telas Cirúrgicas , França , Humanos , Dor Pós-Operatória , Qualidade de Vida , Recidiva , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Surg Technol Int ; 28: 125-30, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27042785

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The Ultrapro® Advanced™ mesh (Ethicon, Sommerville, NJ) is a new mesh design, using the best characteristics from the previous platform, while adding new, advanced features. Our centre, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden, Belgium, was chosen as one of the first clinical testing sites. The aim of this study was to present our preliminary data on complication rate and patient satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 1, 2015 until January 31, 2016, we treated 57 patients, implementing 67 Ultrapro® Advanced™ meshes. One patient was excluded due to postoperative cerebral haemorrhage with aphasia. Only patients with more than one-month follow-up were included for further analysis, resulting in a population of 41 patients with 51 meshes. Of them, 35 were male and only 6 were female, with an average age of 61.4 years and an average BMI of 25.9. The indications were uni- and bilateral laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (n = 23 and 10 respectively), open inguinal hernia repair (n = 3), and open incisional hernia repair (n = 5). Quality of life was measured preoperatively and at four weeks postoperatively, using the hernia specific Carolina Comfort Scale (CCS) questionnaire. RESULTS: The primary endpoint was complication rate. Only two patients (4.8%) mentioned a mild scrotal hematoma and two patients (4.8%) demonstrated a seroma. There were no superficial wound infections nor early recurrent hernias. Our secondary endpoint was quality of life, measured by the CCS questionnaire, which differentiates between a symptomatic and an asymptomatic group. A total of 13 patients were asymptomatic, whilst 28 patients reported some sort of discomfort, ranging from mild (n = 25) to moderate and/or daily symptoms (n = 3). No patients were disabled by their symptoms. CONCLUSION: The Ultrapro® Advanced™ is a sequel of the classic Ultrapro® mesh with similar characteristics: it is a "lightweight", macroporous, partially absorbable mesh built out of thin filaments, while maintaining sufficient strength. Its improvement is due to incorporation of evidence-based characteristics such as an increased mesh elasticity. Furthermore, the surgical manipulation is improved thanks to the increased mesh memory. Our prospective cohort study shows good initial and short-term results after implementation of the Ultrapro® Advanced™. However, further prospective research is mandatory on the long-term outcomes.


Assuntos
Hérnia/epidemiologia , Herniorrafia/instrumentação , Herniorrafia/estatística & dados numéricos , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Telas Cirúrgicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Implantes Absorvíveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Bélgica/epidemiologia , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Feminino , Hérnia/diagnóstico , Herniorrafia/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Prevalência , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Surg Technol Int ; 28: 37-9, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27042791

RESUMO

Suturing is an essential surgical technique, because there is no resection without the need for reconstruction. Therefore, every surgeon should master a set of suturing techniques so he can adapt his approach to the specificity of the situation. The development of laparoscopic surgery poses a new challenge as not all open techniques are amendable for laparoscopic use. We would like to propose a modified fisherman's knot, which has been optimised in our center for laparoscopic use. The technique can be used with every monofilament non-braided wire. The needle is placed through the tissue to be sutured and both wires are externalised through the trocar. First, a simple knot is placed by crossing the left over the right wire. Next, the left is turned around the right wire four times proximal to the starting knot and crossed to the left wire where an additional two turns are made moving away from the trocar. The knot is closed gently, making sure not to lock the knot. Then the instrument of Drouard is used to gently glide the knot over the right wire back through the trocar into the abdomen. After making sure that adequate pressure has been delivered to the knot, to firmly close the tissue, the wire must be cut at a length of at least 3 mm. A new wire should be used for every knot and in this manner several knots can be delivered to make sure the tissue is adequately closed. In our center, no known complications due to loosening or failure of these knots have occurred since we incorporated this knotting technique into our daily practice more than 20 years ago.


Assuntos
Laparoscopia/instrumentação , Laparoscopia/métodos , Técnicas de Sutura/instrumentação , Suturas , Desenho de Equipamento
7.
Surg Technol Int ; 26: 157-61, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26055004

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) is a common procedure in abdominal surgery. Use of mesh has become the gold standard in the last decade because of significantly fewer recurrences. Subsequently, the attention shifted to reduce mesh related complications in the short- and long-term as well as to facilitate its handling and positioning. In continuation of our previous study, we conducted a final analysis about the use of the Ventralight™ ST hernia patch (Davol Inc, Subsidary of C. R. Bard, Inc. Warwick, RI). METHODS: Prospectively collected data of 61 consecutive patients (men/women: 44/17) from July 2011 to October 2013 were analysed in this final study. Patients were evaluated clinically at four time points in total. At the final clinical check- up, 97% of the total study population was reassessed. The primary outcome parameter was recurrence. Secondary outcome parameters were described in terms of mesh related complications, pain scores, and quality of life. RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 23 months (range 16-44). Mean length of hospital stay was four days (range 2-17). There were no operative complications. Two patients (both>80 years old) died more than one year after the procedure because of a cardiovascular event. One morbidly obese patient (2%) treated for a recurrent incisional hernia showed a second recurrence at the last follow-up visit. A clinical significant seroma was observed in two patients (3%) one month postoperatively. At last follow-up, two patients (3%) reported persistent mild discomfort at one specific spot. There was a significant reduction in the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at the last follow-up visit compared to preoperative scores (3.01 vs. 0.27; P<0.01). Quality of life measurements using the SF-36 questionnaire showed good results. CONCLUSION: This final analysis of long-term follow-up results on the use of the Ventralight™ ST hernia patch in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair confirms our preliminary findings of the previous two reports. Use of the Ventralight™ ST hernia patch is associated with good short- and long-term outcomes and can be considered as safe and feasible in LVHR.


Assuntos
Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Herniorrafia/instrumentação , Herniorrafia/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Telas Cirúrgicas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hérnia Ventral/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Surg Technol Int ; 24: 178-82, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24718956

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to show the short- and long-term results of a lightweight self-adhering mesh, Adhesix®. Between February 2011 and April 2013, we prospectively collected data of 100 consecutive patients who underwent incisional or inguinal hernia repair. Mean follow-up time was 23 months (range 7-33 months). Mean length of hospital stay was 1.7 days (range 0.5-16 days). No recurrences occurred. Pain was significantly reduced after 1 month (4.1 vs 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-3.1; P < 0.0001) as well as at the last follow-up visit (1.6 vs 0.48; 95% CI 0.6-1.7; P < 0.0001). SF 36 scaled scores, as an indicator of quality of life, were good with 86, 84, 86, 84, 83, 88, 92, 87. Only 2 patients developed clinically significant seromas. No clinically significant hematomas were observed. Neither mesh nor wound infections occurred. Four patients developed urinary retention immediately postoperative, while 2 were hospitalized 2 weeks after discharge because of pneumonia. Two patients died because of unrelated causes. Based on these results, use of the Adhesix mesh seems to be safe, feasible, and efficient in hernia repair.


Assuntos
Herniorrafia/métodos , Telas Cirúrgicas/efeitos adversos , Telas Cirúrgicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Prospectivos , Cirurgiões , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
9.
Surg Technol Int ; 24: 149-54, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24574018

RESUMO

The purpose of the current prospective study was to confirm the results of our previous study on the use of the Ventralight™ ST mesh. In this study we also evaluated a pre-attached positioning system. Between July 2011 and October 2013 prospectively collected data of 61 consecutive patients who underwent a laparoscopic ventral hernia repair were analyzed. Short- and long-term outcomes were described. A total of 61 patients were treated in this period (men/women ratio 44/17). Overall median follow-up was 7 months (range 2-29). There were 30 patients with a follow-up of at least 12 months. Mean hernia diameter was 6 x 5 cm (craniocaudal x laterolateral) (range 1.5 x 1.5 to 20 x 15 cm). Overall mean length of hospital stay was 4.4 days. Postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) at last follow-up was significantly lower than the preoperative VAS (3.01 vs 0.68; P = 0.011) There were no intraoperative complications. In the whole group, only 6 patients (10%) showed minor complications. Four patients had mild discomfort, another 2 patients developed a clinically significant seroma. The complication rate in the subgroup with a follow-up of at least 1 year was 13%. No recurrences were observed. This study confirms our preliminary findings on the use of this mesh. The optional positioning system offers a significantly more quick and proper mesh positioning.


Assuntos
Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Herniorrafia , Telas Cirúrgicas/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Herniorrafia/efeitos adversos , Herniorrafia/instrumentação , Herniorrafia/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Recidiva
10.
Surg Technol Int ; 23: 113-6, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23982980

RESUMO

The aim of the current prospective study was to show the results of a new type of medium-weight monofilament polypropylene mesh covered with a hydrogel barrier on the visceral side. Between July 2011 and April 2013 prospectively collected data on 30 consecutive patients who underwent abdominal wall hernia repair using a medium-weight mesh covered with carboxymethylcellulose-sodiumhyaluronate coating (Ventralight™ ST mesh, Davol Inc, Subsidary of C. R. Bard, Inc. Warwick, RI) were analyzed. Out of these patients, those who had a follow-up of at least 12 months were selected. Short- and long-term outcomes were described. Meanwhile, registration continues up to completion of a series with 100 included patients. A total of 17 patients were selected (men/women ratio 11/6). Median follow-up was 12 months (range 12-21). Mean hernia diameter was 7 cm x 5 cm (craniocaudal x laterolateral) (range 1.5 x 1.5 to 20 x 15). Mean length of hospital stay was 6.1 days. Postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at last follow-up was significantly lower than the preoperative VAS (P = 0.017) There were no intraoperative complications. Four patients (23%) developed minor complications. Two patients had mild discomfort, another two patients developed a seroma. No recurrences were observed. This intermediate study shows good results using a biofilm coated mesh and confirm the positive results obtained in the Sasse clinical trial.


Assuntos
Herniorrafia/efeitos adversos , Herniorrafia/instrumentação , Dor/etiologia , Dor/prevenção & controle , Seroma/etiologia , Telas Cirúrgicas/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Feminino , Herniorrafia/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
Surg Technol Int ; XXIV2013 Feb 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24574015

RESUMO

The purpose of the current prospective study was to confirm the results of our previous study on the use of the Ventralight™ ST mesh. In this study we also evaluated a pre-attached positioning system. Between July 2011 and October 2013 prospectively collected data of 61 consecutive patients who underwent a laparoscopic ventral hernia repair were analyzed. Short- and long-term outcomes were described. A total of 61 patients were treated in this period (men/women ratio 44/17). Overall median follow-up was 7 months (range 2-29). There were 30 patients with a follow-up of at least 12 months. Mean hernia diameter was 6 x 5 cm (craniocaudal x laterolateral) (range 1.5 x 1.5 to 20 x 15 cm). Overall mean length of hospital stay was 4.4 days. Postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) at last follow-up was significantly lower than the preoperative VAS (3.01 vs 0.68; P = 0.011) There were no intraoperative complications. In the whole group, only 6 patients (10%) showed minor complications. Four patients had mild discomfort, another 2 patients developed a clinically significant seroma. The complication rate in the subgroup with a follow-up of at least 1 year was 13%. No recurrences were observed. This study confirms our preliminary findings on the use of this mesh. The optional positioning system offers a significantly more quick and proper mesh positioning.

12.
J Clin Anesth ; 21(5): 329-35, 2009 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19700290

RESUMO

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether our institutional insulin management (modified Atlanta) protocol is efficient and safe in controlling blood glucose levels in the perioperative period in surgical patients undergoing tumor hepatectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Large community hospital. PATIENTS: 20 consecutive patients undergoing liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma, liver metastasis, or other hepatobiliary tumors. INTERVENTIONS AND MEASUREMENTS: All patients continuously received intravenous glucose (5% dextrose in water, one mL/kg/hr); insulin was administered according to a strict algorithm, and dose adjustments were based on measurements of whole-blood glucose intraoperatively at one-hour intervals, and in the intensive care unit (ICU). Lower and upper blood glucose limits were set at 85 mg/dL and 110 mg/dL, respectively, in the operating room (OR). In the ICU, lower and upper limits were 90 mg/dL and 140 mg/dL, respectively. MAIN RESULTS: Intraoperatively, 51.3% of measurements were within the target range. In the ICU, 75.2% of measurements showed a blood glucose level of 90 - 140 mg/dL. Two of 78 (2.6%) and two of 363 (0.5%) measurements had a blood glucose level < 70 mg/dL in the OR and ICU, respectively. The lowest blood glucose levels were 65 mg/dL (OR) and 66 mg/dL (ICU). CONCLUSIONS: The modified Atlanta protocol is efficient and safe in controlling blood glucose levels in the perioperative period of hepatic tumor resection. Because of decreased insulin needs in the ICU, the use of a more liberal algorithm successfully reduced the risk of hypoglycemia.


Assuntos
Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucose/metabolismo , Hepatectomia/métodos , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Algoritmos , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/cirurgia , Glicemia/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Hipoglicemia/etiologia , Hipoglicemia/prevenção & controle , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos
13.
J Chromatogr A ; 1085(1): 60-5, 2005 Aug 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16106849

RESUMO

Since years, ion exclusion chromatography (ICE) has been the standard method to separate strong acid analyte anions from concentrated weak acid matrices such as hydrofluoric acid (HF). In this work, the commercially available IonPac ICE-AS 1 column was used to separate trace levels of chloride, nitrate, sulfate and phosphate from HF solutions at 20% (w/w). The efficiency of the separation was studied in more detail using techniques such as ion chromatography (IC), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). For 20% (w/w) HF solutions and at a water carrier flow-rate of 0.50 ml/min, the cut window was set from 8.5 to 14.5 min. Under these conditions, analyte recoveries of better than 90% were obtained for chloride, nitrate and sulfate, but only about 75% for phosphate. The HF rejection efficiency was better than 99.9%. It was found that the ICP techniques, measuring total element levels and not species, yielded significantly higher recoveries for phosphorus and sulfur compared to IC. Evidence will be given that part of the added phosphorus (approximately 15% for an addition of 10 mg PO4/kg) is present as mono-fluorophosphoric acid (H2FPO3). In the case of sulfate, the difference between IC and ICP-MS could be attributed to an important matrix effect from the residual HF concentration.


Assuntos
Ânions/análise , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Ácido Fluorídrico/análise , Algoritmos , Cloretos/análise , Cromatografia Líquida/instrumentação , Ácido Fluorídrico/química , Íons/química , Nitratos/análise , Fosfatos/análise , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sulfatos/análise
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