Comparative histochemical evaluation of mucins expression in fetal esophagus and adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction.

AIM: To study and compare the expression patterns of mucins in the fetal gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) region and adenocarcinomas of the GEJ in adults using histochemical method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To reveal the expression of different mucins, tissue sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of fetal GEJ and carcinomas of GEJ were stained by the following histological stains: hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), alcian blue (AB), pH 2.5, combined AB-PAS, and combined AB-Aldehyde Fuchsin (AB/AF). RESULTS: Expression of mucins within the developing fetal GEJ has been demonstrated (gestational age 5-38 weeks). We studied histochemical features of neoplastic cells in carcinomas of GEJ from 90 adult patients. The results showed that in gastric type expression of neutral mucins dominated especially in well differentiated (G1) adenocarcinomas and corresponded to the last three months of GEJ development, while in the intestinal and mixed type significant acid mucins expression was detected in moderate (G2) and poorly (G3) differentiated adenocarcinomas and corresponded to 17-25 weeks of GA. No significant coincidence in mucins expression was observed in signet ring cell carcinomas in relation to GA. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that decrease of neutral mucins level can be considered reliable phenotypic marker of poor prognosis of GEJ adenocarcinomas. Study of the developmental expression of mucin genes may improve understanding of the malignant transformation of esophageal tissue.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INDUCIBLE AND ENDOTHELIAL FRACTIONS OF NO-SYNTHASE IN THE INTENSTINAL MUCOSA OF COLO-COLONIC ANASTOMOSIS UNDER INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC STRESS AND THIOTRIAZOLINE APPLICATION.

UUnder stress in the development of metabolic disorders, nitric oxide (NO) occupies a significant place. Dependence of the metabolism of NO indicates its important role in the pathogenesis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the study is to study immunohistochemical changes in the colon after the large bowel resection and the effect of stress and correction of thiatriazoline. The experiment was performed on 86 male rats. After considering the results of our examination, a long-term exposure to stress of the experimental animals leads to a significant increase of the inducible expression of NO - synthase fractions (iNOs) in the cells of the mucous membrane of the large bowel in the zone of anastomosis. Under the conditions of chronic immobilization stress, the use of tiotriazolini enhances the expression of the constitutive endothelial isoform of NO - synthase in the endothelium of blood vessels in comparison with the animals, which were exposed to stress and underwent resection without drug correction. The intraperitoneal injection of tiotriazolini better regulates stress-mediated changes in the expression of inducible and endothelial isoforms of NO - synthase and normalizes the content of nitrogen oxide in the large bowel of the rats during the final stages, while subserous injection is more effective in the early stages of examination, that reflects the compensation of the endothelial dysfunction and the reduction of the effect of nitrogen oxide.

MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF NO-SYNTHASE DISTRIBUTION IN OVERACTIVE BLADDER AND STRESS URINE INCONTINENCE IN ANIMAL MODELS ADMINISTERED WITH EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOCORRECTION REGIMENS.

The objective of the study was immunohistochemical evaluation of distribution of various NO synthase fractions in the structural elements of the bladder wall under stress urinary incontinence and its overactivity prior and post Mirabegron, Spasmex, Quercetin therapies and their combinations with Testosterone and Estradiol. Using the immunohistochemical method, we studied the expression of the main fractions of NO synthase in experimental models of hyperactive bladder (OAB) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). We found that OAB and SUI were characterized by emergence of expression of the inducible fraction (iNOS) predominantly in the interstitial cells of the muscular layer of the bladder and reduced expression of endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal (nNOs) NO synthase fractions. In contrast to Spasmex, Mirabegron and Quercetin in combination with Testosterone and Estradiol contributed to stabilization of eNOS and nNOs expression already at early observation phases, and reduced the level of iNOS expression with its further disappearance in the later observation period.

NEW APPROACHES IN THE DIAGNOSTIC OF ICHTHYOSIS DISORDERS.

The aim of this study was to study the macroscopic changes in the skin of patients with various forms of ichthyosis to improve and optimize treatment. A comprehensive examination of 12 patients with ichthyosis under the supervision of a dermatovenereologist was conducted at VOKSHVD. For the diagnosis of macroscopic skin changes, the dermatoscopy was performed by the HEINE DELTA 20 ® (Germany) apparatus, the results were recorded with a Canon 550D camera (Japan) at 1:35 or 1:30, with a sensitivity of IZO 200 using an adapter included with the dermatoscope. All affected skin were examined, which were compared with unharmed ones. The task was performed using the algorithm developed by us for dermatoscopic assessment of the severity of ichthyosis. The presence of typical dermatoscopic signs in examined patients with ichthyosis, which is manifested by the smoothness of the skin pattern, the presence of a pseudo-pigmental mesh, formed by keratin of scales in the form of lines, mesh and loop structures resembling cerebriform components, are established. The algorithm of estimation of expressiveness of dermatoscopic features for patients with light and severe clinical course of ichthyosis is proposed. Also, specific dermatological signs were observed in the mild clinical course of ichthyosis, in particular the phenomenon of «sparkling champagne¼, and in severe clinical course, the «melting ice¼ phenomal. The use of the dermatoscopic method makes it possible to objectively evaluate the severity of the ichthyosis and apply a differentiated approach to choosing the most effective treatment schemes.

[COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF THE APPLICATION EFFICACY FOR THE COMPOSITION, BASING ON NANODISPERSE SILICA, OWING ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES FOR LOCAL TREATMENT OF PURULENT-INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES].

Comparative estimation of the local treatment results for purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues, using standard methods and composition, owing sorption and antimicrobial properties and basing on a nanodispersedsilica, was conducted. The composition application in complex of treatment have promoted more rapid clearance from necrotized tissues and microorganisms, rapid appearance of granulations, the intoxication severity reduction, the phase I of the wound process duration shortening, what have permitted to put secondary sutures on the wound on the 6 ­ 7th postoperative day, and total duration of the patients' stationary treatment have reduced by 3.7 days.

Lectin binding patterns in normal, dysplastic and Helicobacter pylori infected gastric mucosa.

AIM: To analyze the glycoprotein binding sites of the gastric mucosa and its secreted mucus using lectin histochemistry in patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG) associated or not-associated with Helicobacter pylori infection with or without dysplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to identify the areas with glycoconjugates expression in gastric mucosa, 6 lectins (Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin - Con A, Sambucus nigra agglutinin - SNA, wheat germ agglutinin - WGA, soybean agglutinin - SBA, Helix pomatia agglutinin - HPA, peanut agglutinin - PNA) were used. Carbohydrate determinants were visualized according to the lectin-peroxidase-diaminobenzidine staining protocol. Biopsy material was obtained and processed by conventional histological methods. The samples from 84 patients (54 with CNAG) with low (n = 34) and high grade (n = 20) dysplasia, 38 patients were H. pylori-infected and 26 patients - H. pylori-noninfected) were used. The comparison group included 30 persons with CNAG without dysplasia (16 patients H. pylori-infected and 14 - noninfected). RESULTS: In comparison to normal gastric mucosa, a low affinity of Con A was shown in 80% of patients with non-infected CNAG and 90% of H. pylori associated CNAG. In 70% of H. pylori-infected patients with CNAG and low grade dysplasia there was an increase of SNA expression compared with non-infected patients (p < 0.05). Regarding SBA labeling no differences were detected in the studied groups (p < 0.05). In H. pylori infected patients with CNAG and low grade dysplasia, WGA, HPA and PNA showed a strong reactivity with the gastric mucosa cells in 80; 75%, and 60% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: We suggest that a set of lectins in reaction with gastric epithelial and glandular cells can be used as a tool to obtain information about the dysplastic changes of the gastric mucosa and may offer new insight into gastric carcinogenesis and precancerous lesions treatment.

[Role of transcription factors in transdifferentiation of the gastric mucosa].

The analysis of intestinal differentiation transcription factor CDX2 in the gastric mucosa biopsies has been carried out. It was established that CDX2 by itself promoter activation pathway can obtain intestinal phenotype for gastric mucosa cells. The loss of CDX2 expression in the nuclei of metaplastic epithelium may serve as a predictor of gastric mucosa malignization.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of mucin expression in precancerous tissue of stomach.

AIM: To assess the profile of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC) in gastric mucosa through immunohistochemical method. METHODS: To identify metaplastic areas in gastric mucosa there was used chromoendoscopy with 0.5% solution of methylene blue, the expression of the mucins profile was determined using immunohistochemistry with MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC2 and MUC6 antibodies (clone Ma695, clone CLH2, Ccp58 and CLH5, "Novocastra" Great Britain). RESULTS: In case of the complete intestinal metaplasia (IM) there was maximum MUC2 expression in goblet cells. MUC5AC, MUC1 and MUC6 expression were absent in columnar epitheliocytes with brush border. In case of incomplete IM along with positive MUC2 marking of goblet cells, in 25% of such patients with chronic atrophic gastritis with incomplete IM MUC5AC expression has been observed; but in columnar epitheliocytes MUC5AC expression was observed in 100% of patients, and MUC2 expression was detected in 15% of patients only. Weak expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC in the areas adjacent to gastric adenocarcinoma was registered. CONCLUSION: MUC5AC expression in columnar epithelial cells and goblet exocrinocytes marks the formation of gastrointestinal phenotype - incomplete IM, along with the simultaneous production of MUC2 by goblet cells. Decrease of MUC 5AC expression in columnar epithelial cells and goblet exocrinocytes was found in areas of severe dysplasia and IM that may serve as an additional criterion of early malignization of gastric mucosa cells.