Prevalence of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their relationship with duration of the disease and chronic complications.

UNLABELLED: Controversial data suggest that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of fractures despite having, in some studies, higher bone mineral density. METHODS: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and morphometric vertebral fractures in 148 postmenopausal diabetic women, aged 61.87±7.85 years, and their relationship with clinical and metabolic factors and chronic complications of the disease. RESULTS: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 30.4% at lumbar spine (LS) and 9.5% at femoral neck (FN). The prevalence of vertebral fractures was 23%, mostly mild and located at the thoracic spine. Patients with fractures were older (P<.001), had been in the menopause for a long period (P=.005), had lower creatinine clearance (P=.026) had and lower bone mineral density at LS (P=.01) and FN (P=.042). The frequency of fractures increased with age (P<.001), with the duration of the disease (P=.037) and with the presence of retinopathy (P=.030). In patients with fractures, the prevalence of osteoporosis increased to 40% at LS (P=.004) and to 35.7% at FN (P=.049). After logistic regression adjustment, it was observed that the likelihood of presenting vertebral fractures was significantly increased at the age of 60 years or older (P<.001) and with the presence of osteoporosis at LS (P=.006), irrespective of blood glucose control. CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, irrespective of blood glucose control, and these conditions were more frequent in long-standing disease and in patients with retinopathy and impaired renal function.

Prevalence of central obesity in a large sample of adolescents from public schools in Recife, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and association of central obesity (CO) and hypertension and its associations with alcohol intake, smoking and physical activity in adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross sectional study in 1,824 students from 29 public schools in Recife. RESULTS: 89.6% were normal weight, 6.7% overweight and 3.7% obese; 77.2% were normotensive, 5.9% prehypertensive and 16.9% hypertensive; CO was 10.2% when the 90th percentile was used as cutoff and 25.2% when the 75th percentile was used. There was a higher likelihood of central obesity among students aged 18 to 20 years, smoking and alcohol intake. The probability of hypertension increases if the subject is male, has a waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90, WC ≥ 75 and does not practice physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of CO and hypertension was found in adolescents. CO was more frequent in students aged 18 to 20 years, smokers and with alcohol intake and hypertension was associated with male, CO and no physical activity.

Prevalence of central obesity in a large sample of adolescents from public schools in Recife, Brazil / Prevalência de obesidade central em grande amostra de adolescentes de escolas públicas em Recife, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and association of central obesity (CO) and hypertension and its associations with alcohol intake, smoking and physical activity in adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross sectional study in 1,824 students from 29 public schools in Recife. RESULTS: 89.6 percent were normal weight, 6.7 percent overweight and 3.7 percent obese; 77.2 percent were normotensive, 5.9 percent prehypertensive and 16.9 percent hypertensive; CO was 10.2 percent when the 90th percentile was used as cutoff and 25.2 percent when the 75th percentile was used. There was a higher likelihood of central obesity among students aged 18 to 20 years, smoking and alcohol intake. The probability of hypertension increases if the subject is male, has a waist circumference (WC) > 90, WC > 75 and does not practice physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of CO and hypertension was found in adolescents. CO was more frequent in students aged 18 to 20 years, smokers and with alcohol intake and hypertension was associated with male, CO and no physical activity.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e a associação de obesidade central (CO) e hipertensão e suas associações com consumo de álcool, fumo e atividade física em adolescentes. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal em 1.824 estudantes de 29 escolas públicas em Recife. RESULTADOS: 89,6 por cento com peso normal, 6,7 por cento sobrepeso e 3,7 por cento obesidade; 77,2 por cento normotensos, 5,9 por cento pré-hipertensos e 16,9 por cento hipertensos; 10,2 por cento de CO quando utilizado percentil 90 como ponto de corte e de 25,2 por cento quando utilizado percentil 75. Houve maior probabilidade de CO entre os estudantes com 18 a 20 anos, fumantes e consumo de álcool. A probabilidade de hipertensão aumenta nos homens, com WC (waist circumference) > 90, WC > 75 e sem atividade física. CONCLUSÕES: Elevada prevalência de CO e hipertensão foi encontrada em adolescentes. CO foi mais frequente nos estudantes com 18 a 20 anos, fumantes, e consumo de álcool e hipertensão foram associados com sexo masculino, CO e ausência de atividade física.

Bariatric surgery and bone metabolism: a systematic review.

Few studies have demonstrated the risk of metabolic bone disease and a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) after bariatric surgery. A systematic review was conducted of case-control and cohort studies with the aim of evaluating the relationship between bariatric surgery and bone metabolism. The search was undertaken in MedLine, covering the period from January 1997 to August 2009, using the keywords: "bariatric surgery" AND "osteoporosis", "fracture", "bone diseases", "metabolic". Six studies were included, comprising four cohort and two case-control studies. Three studies evaluated bone metabolism and BMD, and the other evaluated bone metabolism only. Based on this review, bariatric surgery is associated with alterations in bone metabolism, loss of bone mass and an increased risk of fracture. However, the maximum evaluation period covered by these studies was two years after surgery, hence the need to undertake further studies of longer duration in order to achieve a more thorough understanding of this association.

Factors associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in premenopausal women undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for the treatment of obesity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bone metabolism, bone density (BMD) and vertebral fractures in morbidly obese individuals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Case series of 29 premenopausal obese patients, 15 of whom had been submitted to bariatric surgery. Serum calcium, albumin, PTH and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) were measured as well as bone densitometry of the lumbar spine and proximal femur, and lateral spine x-rays. RESULTS: High parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were recorded in 46.6% of the surgical patients and in 21.4% of the non-surgical patients (p = 0.245); 26.7% of the former and 28.6% of the latter revealed levels 25OHD < 30 ng/mL (p = 1.000). Calcium intake was higher in the surgical group (p = 0.004) along with lower serum calcium concentrations (p = 0.019). There were no significant differences in bone mineral density (BMD) or in the prevalence of vertebral fractures between groups. CONCLUSION: In premenopausal women undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass there is important intestinal calcium mal absorption which seems to be the main factor causing secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Bariatric surgery and bone metabolism: a systematic review / Cirurgia bariátrica e metabolismo ósseo: uma revisão sistemática

Few studies have demonstrated the risk of metabolic bone disease and a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) after bariatric surgery. A systematic review was conducted of case-control and cohort studies with the aim of evaluating the relationship between bariatric surgery and bone metabolism. The search was undertaken in MedLine, covering the period from January 1997 to August 2009, using the keywords: "bariatric surgery" AND "osteoporosis", "fracture", "bone diseases", "metabolic". Six studies were included, comprising four cohort and two case-control studies. Three studies evaluated bone metabolism and BMD, and the other evaluated bone metabolism only. Based on this review, bariatric surgery is associated with alterations in bone metabolism, loss of bone mass and an increased risk of fracture. However, the maximum evaluation period covered by these studies was two years after surgery, hence the need to undertake further studies of longer duration in order to achieve a more thorough understanding of this association.

Alguns estudos têm demonstrado aumento do risco de doença osteometabólica e redução de densidade mineral óssea (DMO) após a cirurgia bariátrica. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de estudos de caso-controle e coorte com o objetivo de avaliar a relação entre cirurgia bariátrica e o metabolismo ósseo. A procura foi realizada na MedLine de janeiro 1997 a agosto 2009, utilizando os descritores: "bariatric surgery" e "osteoporosis", "fracture", "bone diseases", "metabolic". Foram incluídos seis estudos, sendo quatro coortes e dois casos-controle. Três desses estudos avaliaram metabolismo ósseo e DMO e os demais avaliaram apenas o metabolismo ósseo. Com base nesta revisão, a cirurgia bariátrica está associada com alterações no metabolismo ósseo, perda de massa óssea e aumento no risco de fraturas. Entretanto, os estudos tiveram acompanhamento máximo de dois anos após a cirurgia, havendo necessidade de estudos de maior seguimento para melhor conhecimento dessa associação.

Factors associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in premenopausal women undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for the treatment of obesity / Fatores associados com hiperparatireoidismo secundário em mulheres na pré-menopausa submetidas a bypass gástrico em Y de Roux para tratamento de obesidade

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bone metabolism, bone density (BMD) and vertebral fractures in morbidly obese individuals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Case series of 29 premenopausal obese patients, 15 of whom had been submitted to bariatric surgery. Serum calcium, albumin, PTH and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) were measured as well as bone densitometry of the lumbar spine and proximal femur, and lateral spine x-rays. RESULTS: High parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were recorded in 46.6 percent of the surgical patients and in 21.4 percent of the non-surgical patients (p = 0.245); 26.7 percent of the former and 28.6 percent of the latter revealed levels 25OHD < 30 ng/mL (p = 1.000). Calcium intake was higher in the surgical group (p = 0.004) along with lower serum calcium concentrations (p = 0.019). There were no significant differences in bone mineral density (BMD) or in the prevalence of vertebral fractures between groups. CONCLUSION: In premenopausal women undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass there is important intestinal calcium mal absorption which seems to be the main factor causing secondary hyperparathyroidism.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o metabolismo ósseo, a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e as fraturas vertebrais em obesos mórbidos. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Série de casos de 29 mulheres obesas e na pré-menopausa das quais 15 foram submetidas à cirurgia bariátrica. Realizadas dosagem sérica de cálcio, albumina, hormônio da paratireoide (PTH) e 25-hidróxi-vitamina D (25OHD), densitometria óssea de coluna lombar e fêmur e radiografia de coluna vertebral. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de PTH estavam elevados em 46,6 por cento das pacientes operadas e em 21,4 por cento das pacientes não operadas (p = 0,245); 26,7 por cento das operadas e 28,6 por cento das não operadas apresentavam 25OHD < 30 ng/mL (p = 1,000). A ingestão de cálcio foi maior no grupo operado (p = 0,004) e o cálcio sérico foi menor neste grupo (p = 0,019). Não houve diferenças significativas na densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e na prevalência de fraturas vertebrais entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Em mulheres na pré-menopausa, submetidas ao bypass gástrico em Y de Roux, há considerável má absorção intestinal de cálcio, que parece ser o principal fator causador do hiperparatireoidismo secundário.