Plasmocitoma extramedular oral em felino doméstico / Oral extramedullary plasmocytoma in domestic cat

Plasmocitomas são geralmente incomuns em cães, representando cerca de 3% das neoplasias, e, em gatos, esse número é ainda menor, sendo consideradas raras e observadas em aproximadamente 1% dos casos. Objetiva-se com este trabalho apresentar um relato de caso de uma doença muito pouco relatada na oncologia veterinária, o plasmocitoma extramedular oral em felinos domésticos. A metodologia empregada para a construção deste trabalho deu-se por meio de: consulta a referências bibliográficas; observação e acompanhamento dos processos realizados no âmbito hospitalar, além da consulta ao prontuário médico do paciente. Embora muito descrita na literatura a utilização da cirurgia de mandibulectomia ou maxilectomia na terapia de plasmocitomas orais em cães, são escassos os relatos do emprego da técnica em gatos. Porém, é certo afirmar que a eletroquimioterapia, associada à quimioterapia antineoplásica adjuvante, promoveu uma ótima sobrevida (407 dias), sem comprometimento na qualidade de vida do paciente, mostrando que, mesmo com um tratamento menos invasivo e conservador, foi possível cuidar do paciente de maneira efetiva. Uma grande dificuldade, durante todo o processo, foi a falta de relatos científicos específicos para o plasmocitoma oral em felinos. As neoplasias orais em felinos e, principalmente, as originadas por plasmócitos precisam ser mais estudadas e relatadas, promovendo maior conhecimento técnico e científico a todos os profissionais da área.

Plasmocytomas are generally uncommon in dogs, representing about 3% of neoplasms, and in cats, this number is even lower, being considered rare and observed in approximately 1% of cases. The aim of this work is to present a case report of a disease that is rarely reported in veterinary oncology: oral extramedullary plasmacytoma in domestic cats. The methodology used for the construction of this work was given through: consultation of bibliographic references; observation and monitoring of processes performed in the hospital, in addition to consulting the patient's medical record. Although the use of mandibulectomy or maxillectomy surgery to treat oral plasmacytomas in dogs is widely described in the literature, there are few reports on the use of the technique in cats. However, it is true to say that electrochemotherapy, associated with adjuvant antineoplastic chemotherapy, promoted an excellent survival (407 days), without compromising the patient's quality of life, showing that even with a less invasive and conservative treatment it was possible to care for the patient in a way effective. A major difficulty throughout the process was the lack of specific scientific reports for oral plasmacytoma in felines. Oral neoplasms in felines and mainly those originating from plasmocytes need to be further studied and reported, promoting greater technical and scientific knowledge to all professionals in the field.

Squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary origin in a dog presenting with bone metastasis.

A 10-year-old female American Pit Bull dog was diagnosed with metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma of the scapula. Immunohistochemistry showed positive immunoexpression for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, 34BE12, CK7) and vimentin, confirming squamous cell carcinoma. No evidence of nodules was found in the complete physical examination and imaging procedures conducted. The patient was diagnosed with carcinoma of unknown primary origin. Amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and piroxicam were performed, but the patient died of respiratory failure after 737 days of diagnosis. Necropsy confirmed undifferentiated carcinoma infiltrating the lungs and kidneys, and showing the same immunoexpression as the tumor in the scapula. Amputation associated with chemotherapy extended the overall survival time of this patient.

Terapia metronómica en el manejo del paciente veterinario con cáncer / Metronomic therapy to manage the veterinary patient with cancer / Terapia metronómica no manejo do paciente veterinário com câncer

Resumen El cáncer es una problemática cada vez más frecuente en la práctica clínica de pequeños animales, para su control se emplean metodologías agresivas con múltiples efectos adversos, lo que ha estimulado la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas. La quimioterapia metronómica consiste en la administración de bajas dosis de fármacos antineoplásicos, en intervalos regulares y por largos períodos de tiempo. Se destaca por su potencial antineoplásico, facilidad de administración y toxicidad reducida, mostrando beneficio clínico en pacientes geriátricos, debilitados o con cáncer avanzado, logrado principalmente a través de la inhibición de la angiogénesis y la modulación inmune antitumoral. En veterinaria, se relata principalmente el uso de ciclofosfamida, clorambucilo o lomustina, asociados en muchos casos con otros fármacos, para el tratamiento de distintos tipos de tumores, con respuestas favorables y baja toxicidad. No obstante, los estudios existentes son limitados y en muchos casos la selección de la posología de administración de los fármacos ha sido empírica, perjudicando su eficacia terapéutica. El objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar la utilidad de este tipo de quimioterapia antineoplásica en animales domésticos, los avances en la comprensión de sus mecanismos de acción, fármacos y esquemas utilizados, así como su potencial tóxico, buscando generar mayor conciencia del médico veterinario al utilizar esta modalidad de quimioterapia en pacientes oncológicos.

Abstract Cancer is a frequent problem in veterinary practice in small animals; aggre ssive strategies with several side-effects are used to its control, which has stimulated research of new therapeutic options. The metronomic chemotherapy consists in regular administration of low doses of antineoplastic drugs for long periods of time. Together with its antitumor potential, it is administrated easily and has apparent reduced toxicity, showing clinical benefits within advanced diseases or geriatric and weak patients mainly by angiogenesis inhibition and antitumor immune modulation. In small animals, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil and lomustine have been used mainly, in some cases associated with other drugs, to treat several kinds of tumors, obtaining clinical advantages and low toxicities. However, current studies are limited, and selection of most doses and intervals use to be empirical, in detriment of therapeutic efficacy. This work aims to evidence the potential use of this kind of antineoplastic chemotherapy in domestic animals, as well as the advances in comprehension of its mechanisms of action, drugs, schedules and toxic effects, trying to do a best and more aware use of this chemotherapy strategy in oncologic patients.

Resumo O câncer é um problema cada vez mais comum na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, e para seu controle são utilizadas metodologias agressivas com múltiplos efeitos adversos, o que estimula a busca de novas estratégias terapêuticas. A quimioterapia metronômica consiste na administração de baixas doses de drogas antineoplásicas, em intervalos regulares e por longos períodos de tempo. Chama atenção devido ao por seu potencial anti-neoplásico, facilidade de administração e toxicidade reduzida, mostrando benefício clínico em pacientes geriátricos, debilitados ou com câncer avançado, obtidos principalmente por meio da inibição da angiogênese e da modulação imune antitumoral. Na medicina veterinária, o uso de ciclofosfamida, clorambucil ou lomustina, associado em muitos casos a outras drogas, é relatado principalmente para o tratamento de diferentes tipos de tumores, com respostas favoráveis e baixa toxicidade. No entanto, os estudos existentes são limitados e, em muitos casos, a seleção da posologia da administração das drogas tem sido empírica, prejudicando sua eficácia terapêutica. O objetivo desta revisão é mostrar a utilidade deste tipo de quimioterapia antineoplásica em animais domésticos, os avanços na compreensão de seus mecanismos de ação, fármacos mais indicados e esquemas utilizados, bem como seu potencial tóxico, buscando gerar maior consciência do veterinário ao usar este tipo de quimioterapia em pacientes com câncer.

Cutaneous lymphoma of the tarsus in a cat - case study / Linfoma cutáneo tarsal en gato - estudio de caso

ABSTRACT Lymphoma is the most common lymphoproliferative disorder in cats. Cutaneous lymphoma, however, is a rare form of extranodal lymphoma. Recently, several cutaneous lymphomas at the tarsal region have been reported in cats. As it differs clinically and histopathologically from the common cutaneous lymphoma, it was denominated cutaneous tarsal lymphoma. The present study describes the case of a 13-year-old male domestic longhair cat that presented with a subcutaneous mass, of 30-days evolution, at the tarsal region of the right pelvic limb. Histopathology analysis showed malignant neoplasia of round cells, morphologically suggestive of large cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of B-immunoblastic lymphoma. Patient was treated with lomustine, and prednisolone with an overall survival time of 2.1 months. The aggressiveness of this feline lymphoma reinforces the need for further studies to understand better the disease progression and to establish improved therapeutic protocols that can increase survival time and improve quality of life of these patients.

RESUMEN El linfoma representa la enfermedad linfoproliferativa más frecuente en gatos. Sin embargo, el linfoma cutáneo es una rara forma de linfoma extranodal. Recientemente, el linfoma cutáneo se reportó localizado en el tarso. Tanto clínica como histopatológicamente, esta forma difiere de la forma cutánea típica, y se denominó linfoma tarsal felino. Este estudio describe el caso de un gato, doméstico de pelo largo, 13 años de edad con una masa subcutánea, de 30 días de evolución en la región tarsal del miembro pélvico derecho. La histopatologia reveló neoplasia de células redondas, sugestiva de linfoma de células grandes. La inmunohistoquímica confirmó el diagnóstico de linfoma imunoblástico de células B. El tratamiento realizado fue lomustina y prednisolona con tiempo de sobrevida de 2,1 meses. La agresividad de este linfoma, refuerza la necesidad de estudios para entender su curso y mejorar protocolos terapéuticos que incrementen tanto la sobrevida como la calidad de vida para estos pacientes.

Clinical-pathological study of mammary tumors in bitches at the Governador Laudo Natel Veterinary Hospital UNESP Jaboticabal

This study describes the pathological and epidemiological data related to clinical evaluation of bitches with mammary lesions treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, in Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. The study was based on clinical and pathological guidelines proposed at the First Meeting of Mammary Pathology: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Mammary Neoplasia, held on 6 and 7 November 2010, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, sponsored by the Laboratory of Comparative Pathology - UFMG, with the support of the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Pathology (ABPV) and the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET).[...]

Clinical-pathological study of mammary tumors in bitches at the Governador Laudo Natel Veterinary Hospital UNESP Jaboticabal

This study describes the pathological and epidemiological data related to clinical evaluation of bitches with mammary lesions treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, in Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. The study was based on clinical and pathological guidelines proposed at the First Meeting of Mammary Pathology: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Mammary Neoplasia, held on 6 and 7 November 2010, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, sponsored by the Laboratory of Comparative Pathology - UFMG, with the support of the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Pathology (ABPV) and the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET).[...](AU)

High frequency audiometric study in cancer-cured patients treated with cisplatin.

UNLABELLED: Hearing loss has been described in patients undergoing chemotherapy, given the ototoxic nature of these drugs. An audiological investigation is relevant in such cases. AIM: to assess audibility thresholds at high frequencies in individuals with cancer that was treated successfully with cisplatin and its associations, to verify possible hearing loss as a side effect of therapy. Site and date of the study: Campinas, Sao Paulo, in 2006. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ten volunteers aged between 5 and 27 years were assessed by a clinical history, otoscopy, and conventional and high frequencies audiometry in this clinical and experimental study. RESULTS: A kappa coefficient statistical analysis revealed significant differences between ears in 50% of 14 frequencies that were evaluated. Eight participants presented hearing losses, which started at 1 kHz, increasing markedly at 6 kHz and above. Fisher's Exact Test revealed a significant association only with the dose and the right ear at high frequencies. CONCLUSION: It is possible that the hearing loss detected in this study is at least partially due to the ototoxicity of antineoplastic drugs; such loss may occur even after treatment is interrupted. We suggest that a protocol for audiological follow-up of patients undergoing chemotherapy should be created.

Estudo audiometrico de alta fraquência em pacientes curados de câncer tratados com cisplatina / High frequency audiometric study in cancer-cured patients treated with cisplatin

Alterações auditivas têm sido encontradas em pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia devido à ototoxicidade, daí a importância da investigação audiológica nesses casos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os limiares de audibilidade nas altas freqüências em indivíduos curados de câncer, tratados com cisplatina e associações, para verificar possível perda auditiva como seqüela do tratamento. Local e data do estudo: Campinas - SP, em 2006. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Roteiro de anamnese, otoscópio e audiômetro. Dez voluntários, entre 5 a 27 anos, foram submetidos a anamnese; meatoscopia; audiometria tonal convencional e de altas freqüências. Forma de Estudo: Clínico experimental. RESULTADOS: O kappa ponderado evidenciou diferença significativa entre as orelhas em 50 por cento das 14 freqüências avaliadas. Oito participantes apresentaram perda auditiva. O acometimento iniciou-se em 1 kHz, com crescimento acentuado a partir de 6kHz. O Teste Exato de Fisher evidenciou associação significativa apenas para dose e orelha direita nas altas freqüências. CONCLUSÃO: É possível que as perdas auditivas detectadas devam-se, pelo menos parcialmente, à ototoxicidade dos antineoplásicos utilizados, a qual pode ocorrer mesmo após a interrupção do tratamento. Sugere-se estabelecer protocolo de acompanhamento audiológico no tratamento quimioterápico.

Hearing loss has been described in patients undergoing chemotherapy, given the ototoxic nature of these drugs. An audiological investigation is relevant in such cases. AIM: to assess audibility thresholds at high frequencies in individuals with cancer that was treated successfully with cisplatin and its associations, to verify possible hearing loss as a side effect of therapy. Site and date of the study: Campinas, Sao Paulo, in 2006. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ten volunteers aged between 5 and 27 years were assessed by a clinical history, otoscopy, and conventional and high frequencies audiometry in this clinical and experimental study. RESULTS: A kappa coefficient statistical analysis revealed significant differences between ears in 50 percent of 14 frequencies that were evaluated. Eight participants presented hearing losses, which started at 1 kHz, increasing markedly at 6 kHz and above. Fisher's Exact Test revealed a significant association only with the dose and the right ear at high frequencies. CONCLUSION: It is possible that the hearing loss detected in this study is at least partially due to the ototoxicity of antineoplastic drugs; such loss may occur even after treatment is interrupted. We suggest that a protocol for audiological follow-up of patients undergoing chemotherapy should be created.