Comparative effects of a cardiovascular rehabilitation program on functional capacity in patients with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy with or without heart failure.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) on functional capacity of patients with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) and to compare the responses between CCC patients without and with heart failure (HF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal observational retrospective study was carried out including 36 patients with CCC without HF (stage B2 [n = 7]) and with HF (stage C [n = 29]), who participated in a CR program. Functional capacity was assessed by a maximal progressive cardiopulmonary exercise test performed on a treadmill. The longitudinal effects of the CR on functional capacity were determined by linear mixed models that included an interaction term to evaluate the differential responses between patients without and with HF. RESULTS: Significant improvements in peak oxygen consumption, resting heart rate and blood pressure, and maximum pulmonary ventilation were observed for the overall study sample, with no apparent differential effects according to the presence of HF. CONCLUSIONS: CR significantly improved functional capacity of patients with CCC. The responses to CR appear to be similar among patients without and with HF, reinforcing the need for its inclusion as a standard treatment strategy of CCC.Implications for rehabilitationExercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) is a safe strategy that improves functional capacity, cardiac function, and quality of life in patients with several cardiovascular diseases, and recent studies also suggested a potential beneficial effect of CR in chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC).In this observational study, CR seems to equally improve exercise capacity, resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, and maximum pulmonary ventilation in patients with CCC without (stage B2) and with heart failure (stage C).Cardiovascular rehabilitation should be included as a standard treatment strategy for patients with CCC, regardless the severity of cardiomyopathy.

Disasters and the historical recurrence of tragedies: implications for the health and aging process. / Desastres e o ciclo histórico de repetição de tragédias: implicações ao processo de saúde e envelhecimento.

In a context of disaster recurrence, naturalization or demotion of the concept to tragedy does not include all the dynamics and processes involved in affecting the communities and population groups most vulnerable to death and illness, such as the older adults. This paper aims to describe and analyze the socioeconomic, environmental, and health context of impact on older adults in four municipalities in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio de Janeiro. We carried out documentary research and open data survey of sociodemographic, environmental, economic, and health aspects of these locations and population groups. Also, descriptive, interrupted time series and documentary analyses were integrated. Among the results, collected documents and data point to the lack of preventive or mitigating actions for priority groups. Significant changes in hospital admissions for older adults were observed for some groups of causes. We conclude that institutional learning based on collective construction is required to corroborate the disruption of the disaster repetitive cycle.

Em um contexto de recorrência de desastres, a naturalização ou rebaixamento destes à tragédia invisibiliza as dinâmicas e os processos envolvidos na afetação das comunidades e grupos populacionais mais vulneráveis a óbito e adoecimentos, como os idosos. Objetiva-se neste artigo descrever e analisar o contexto socioeconômico, ambiental e de saúde da afetação de idosos em quatro municípios dos estados de Santa Catarina e Rio de Janeiro. Para isto, realizou-se pesquisa documental, levantamento de dados abertos sociodemográficos, ambientais, econômicos e de saúde destas localidades e grupo populacional. Integraram-se as análises descritivas, de série temporal interrompida e documental. Dentre os resultados, observou-se nos documentos e dados levantados carência de previsão de ações preventivas ou mitigatórias voltadas a grupos prioritários. Para alguns grupos de causas, houve mudanças significativas no comportamento das internações hospitalares de idosos no período estudado. Conclui-se que o aprendizado institucional pautado na construção coletiva precisa ocorrer para corroborar com o rompimento do ciclo de repetição de desastres.

Rural Older Adults in Disasters: A Study of Recovery From Hurricane Michael.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims for a greater understanding of how older adults (age 65 and older) in Jackson County, Florida, are prepared for and cope with the effects of a natural disaster. METHODS: A multidisciplinary, international research team developed a survey examining: (1) resources available to individuals aged 65+ in rural communities for preparing for a disaster; (2) challenges they face when experiencing a disaster; and (3) their physical, social, emotional, and financial needs when it strikes. The survey was administered with older adults (65+) in Jackson County, Florida, following Hurricane Michael in 2018. The descriptive, multivariate logistic, and linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between respondents' demographic information and needs, concerns, and consequences of disaster. RESULTS: Results indicated (n = 139) rural community-dwelling older adults rely on social support, community organizations, and trusted disaster relief agencies to prepare for and recover from disaster-related events. CONCLUSIONS: Such findings can be used to inform the development of new interventions, programs, policies, practices, and tools for emergency management and social service agencies to improve disaster preparedness and resiliency among older populations in rural communities.

Desastres e o ciclo histórico de repetição de tragédias: implicações ao processo de saúde e envelhecimento / Disasters and the historical recurrence of tragedies: implications for the health and aging process

Resumo Em um contexto de recorrência de desastres, a naturalização ou rebaixamento destes à tragédia invisibiliza as dinâmicas e os processos envolvidos na afetação das comunidades e grupos populacionais mais vulneráveis a óbito e adoecimentos, como os idosos. Objetiva-se neste artigo descrever e analisar o contexto socioeconômico, ambiental e de saúde da afetação de idosos em quatro municípios dos estados de Santa Catarina e Rio de Janeiro. Para isto, realizou-se pesquisa documental, levantamento de dados abertos sociodemográficos, ambientais, econômicos e de saúde destas localidades e grupo populacional. Integraram-se as análises descritivas, de série temporal interrompida e documental. Dentre os resultados, observou-se nos documentos e dados levantados carência de previsão de ações preventivas ou mitigatórias voltadas a grupos prioritários. Para alguns grupos de causas, houve mudanças significativas no comportamento das internações hospitalares de idosos no período estudado. Conclui-se que o aprendizado institucional pautado na construção coletiva precisa ocorrer para corroborar com o rompimento do ciclo de repetição de desastres.

Abstract In a context of disaster recurrence, naturalization or demotion of the concept to tragedy does not include all the dynamics and processes involved in affecting the communities and population groups most vulnerable to death and illness, such as the older adults. This paper aims to describe and analyze the socioeconomic, environmental, and health context of impact on older adults in four municipalities in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio de Janeiro. We carried out documentary research and open data survey of sociodemographic, environmental, economic, and health aspects of these locations and population groups. Also, descriptive, interrupted time series and documentary analyses were integrated. Among the results, collected documents and data point to the lack of preventive or mitigating actions for priority groups. Significant changes in hospital admissions for older adults were observed for some groups of causes. We conclude that institutional learning based on collective construction is required to corroborate the disruption of the disaster repetitive cycle.

Comparison of friction of metallic and ceramic brackets during sliding mechanics after prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate jet: An in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: An in vitro experimental study was carried out with the objective to compare the friction in aesthetic and metallic brackets after prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate jet during sliding mechanics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Aesthetic monocrystalline (n=24) and polycrystalline (n=24) and metallic brackets (n=24) were used. Each group of brackets was divided into two groups, as follows: the first group received prophylaxis with a bicarbonate jet, while the second group did not. An acrylic plate was attached to the base fixature of the Instron 4411 universal testing machine, simulating the retraction movement of the canine during sliding mechanics. The bracket was pulled at a speed of 0.5mm/minute over a distance of 0.5mm. The data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. RESULTS: After the sodium bicarbonate jet, conventional metal brackets showed less friction (P<0.05). While the aesthetic brackets did not show significant difference in friction between the exposed and non-exposed groups with the sodium bicarbonate jet (P>0.05), the polycrystalline brackets showed greater friction when compared to the other groups of brackets. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate jet did not influence the resistance to friction in aesthetic brackets; however, metal brackets showed a significant decrease in friction after prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate jet. Our results suggest that the abrasion of the sodium bicarbonate particles can cause micromorphological changes, which may influence the friction; however, studies with scanning electron microscopy are necessary.

Factors related to the discontinuation and mortality rates of a cardiac rehabilitation programme in patients with Chagas disease: a 6-year experience in a Brazilian tertiary centre.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of participants as well as discontinuation and mortality rates in a cardiac rehabilitation programme (CRP) tailored to Chagas disease (CD). METHODS: Participants underwent functional capacity, anthropometry and cardiac function evaluations before beginning a CRP. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed to investigate the associations between clinical and sociodemographic characteristics at baseline with discontinuation rates and deaths. RESULTS: Forty-two patients were enrolled in the CRP (61.9% men, mean age of 58.1 ± 11.8 years). During a median follow-up period of 10.8 months, 74% discontinued and 14% died while enrolled in CRP. 34% of the patients who discontinued CRP died during follow-up. White race (HR = 0.09; 95% CI 0.01-1.00), right ventricular systolic dysfunction (HR = 10.54; 95% CI 1.24-89.50) and oxygen pulse (HR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.48-0.99) were independently associated with death while enrolled in CRP. Married status (HR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.21-0.95) was independently associated with discontinuation rates from CRP. VO2 peak (HR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.74-0.98) and CRP discontinuation due to CD-related reasons (HR = 8.33; 95% CI 1.91-36.27) were the variables independently associated with death after discontinuation of CRP. CONCLUSION: In this population, sociodemographic aspects and severity of CD were important determinants of CRP discontinuation and mortality.

OBJECTIFS: Décrire les caractéristiques cliniques et sociodémographiques des participants ainsi que les taux d'abandon et de décès dans un programme de réadaptation cardiaque (PRC) adapté à la maladie de Chagas (MC). MÉTHODES: Les participants ont subi des évaluations de la capacité fonctionnelle, de l'anthropométrie et de la fonction cardiaque avant de commencer un PRC. Des modèles de risques proportionnels de Cox univariés et multivariés ont été appliqués pour étudier les associations entre les caractéristiques cliniques et sociodémographiques au départ avec les taux d'abandon et les décès. RÉSULTATS: 42 patients ont été enrôlés dans le PRC (61,9% d'hommes, âge moyen de 58,1 ± 11,8 ans). Au cours d'une période médiane de suivi de 10,8 mois, 74% ont abandonné et 14% sont décédés durant leur enrôlement au PRC. 34% des patients qui ont arrêté le PRC sont décédés au cours du suivi. La race blanche (HR = 0,09; IC95%: 0,01-1,00), le dysfonctionnement systolique ventriculaire droite (HR = 10,54; IC95%: 1,24-89,50) et le pouls d'oxygène (HR = 0,69; IC95%: 0,48-0,99) étaient indépendamment associés avec le décès lors de l'enrôlement au PRC. Le statut marié (HR = 0,44; IC95%: 0,21-0,95) était indépendamment associé aux taux d'abandon de la CRP. Le pic de VO2 (HR = 0,85; IC95%: 0,74-0,98) et l'arrêt du PRC pour des raisons liées à la MC (HR = 8,33; IC95%: 1,91 à 36,27) étaient les variables indépendamment associées au décès après l'arrêt du PRC. CONCLUSION: Dans cette population, les aspects sociodémographiques et la sévérité de la MC étaient des déterminants importants de l'arrêt du PRC et du décès.

Violência contra a mulher / Violence against women

Objetivo: analisar notificações de violência contra a mulher. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido a partir de dados secundários provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: das 401 notificações de violência à mulher, 61% foram contra mulheres entre 25 e 59 anos, pardas ou pretas (63%), solteiras (29%), com menos de nove anos de escolaridade (39%) e que dependiam financeiramente de outra pessoa; 46% das agressões ocorreram na residência, sendo 99% por violência física e 69% por força corporal/espancamento, e os autores foram homens. Conclusão: constatou-se a ampliação do número de notificações, contudo, ainda insuficiente para superar as subnotificações de ocorrências de violência contra a mulher, motivo principal da invisibilidade desse fenômeno.(AU)

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphisms and Nitric Oxide Levels in Individuals with Chronic Periodontitis.

This study aimed to investigate whether the -1026(A>C)(rs2779249) and +2087(A>G)(2297518) polymorphisms in the NOS2 gene were associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) and with salivary levels of nitrite (NO2-) and/or nitrate + nitrite (NOx). A group of 113 mixed-race patients were subjected to periodontal, genetic, and biochemical evaluations (65 CP/48 periodontally healthy subjects). DNA was extracted from oral epithelial cells and used for genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (real-time). Salivary NOx concentrations were determined using an ozone-based chemiluminescence assay. Association of CP with alleles and genotypes of the -1026(A>C) polymorphism was found (X² test, p = 0.0075; 0.0308), but this was not maintained after multiple logistic regression, performed to estimate the effect of covariates and polymorphisms in CP. This analysis demonstrated, after correction for multiple comparisons, that only the female gender was significantly associated with CP. Polymorphisms analyzed as haplotypes were not associated with CP. NOx levels were significantly higher in the control group of heterozygous individuals for both polymorphisms. In conclusion, the female gender was significantly associated with CP, and higher levels of salivary NOx were found in control subjects and associated with the heterozygous state of the NOS2 polymorphisms, reinforcing the potential of NO metabolites as markers of periodontitis status.

O ensino da avaliação cognitiva na graduação em Gerontologia / The teaching of cognitive assessment in undergraduate Gerontology courses

Saber avaliar adequadamente as alterações cognitivas é uma habilidade importante na formação de profissionais na área de saúde. Na graduação em Gerontologia na América Latina e Portugal, os protocolos de avaliação clínica incluem a necessidade de aplicação de instrumentos de rastreio cognitivo. Este estudo objetivou, nesse sentido, auxiliar no ensino de graduandos da área, por meio da elaboração de vídeos educacionais e um manual sobre a aplicação dos instrumentos mais utilizados na graduação em Gerontologia.

Knowing to properly evaluate cognitive impairment is an important skill in training of healthcare professionals. In the undergraduate Gerontology in Latin America and Portugal, clinical assessment protocols include the necessity of using cognitive screening instruments. This study aimed, therefore, assists in education of undergraduate student from healthcare area, through the preparation of educational videos and a manual about the implementation of the most used instruments in Gerontology undergraduate courses.

O ensino da avaliação cognitiva na graduação em Gerontologia / The teaching of cognitive assessment in undergraduate Gerontology courses

Saber avaliar adequadamente as alterações cognitivas é uma habilidadeimportante na formação de profissionais na área de saúde. Na graduação em Gerontologia naAmérica Latina e Portugal, os protocolos de avaliação clínica incluem a necessidade deaplicação de instrumentos de rastreio cognitivo. Este estudo objetivou, nesse sentido, auxiliarno ensino de graduandos da área, por meio da elaboração de vídeos educacionais e um manualsobre a aplicação dos instrumentos mais utilizados na graduação em Gerontologia.(AU)

Knowing to properly evaluate cognitive impairment is an important skill intraining of healthcare professionals. In the undergraduate Gerontology in Latin America andPortugal, clinical assessment protocols include the necessity of using cognitive screeninginstruments. This study aimed, therefore, assists in education of undergraduate student fromhealthcare area, through the preparation of educational videos and a manual about theimplementation of the most used instruments in Gerontology undergraduate courses.(AU)

A graduação em gerontologia na América Latina e Portugal: uma análise dos cursos e da oferta de disciplinas de avaliação gerontológica / The undergraduate degree in gerontology in Latin America and Portugal: an analysis of the degrees and of the offer of gerontological evaluation’s disciplines

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a oferta de cursos de graduação em Gerontologia, na América Latina e Portugal. Foram localizados 22 cursos e analisados quanto ao início dos mesmos, objetivo, perfil profissional, carga horária e duração. Dos 22 cursos identificados, 45,4% oferecem disciplinas relacionadas à avaliação gerontológica. Conclui-se que há crescente preocupação dos países em formar profissionais aptos a lidar com uma população idosa em crescimento.

The objective of this study is to analyze the offer of undergraduate degrees in Gerontology in Latin America and Portugal. 22 courses were located and it was analyzed by the course’s beginning, goal, professional profile, work load and duration. Among the 22 identified courses, 45,4% offer gerontological evaluation’s disciplines. Concluding there are countries’ growing warring on create professionals up to deal with an elderly population in growing.

A Graduação em Gerontologia na América Latina e Portugal – uma análise dos cursos e da oferta de disciplinas de avaliação gerontológica / The undergraduate degree in Gerontology in Latin America and Portugal – an analysis of the degrees and of the offer of gerontological evaluation’s disciplines

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a oferta de cursos de graduação em Gerontologia, na América Latina e Portugal. Foram localizados 22 cursos e analisados quanto ao início dos mesmos, objetivo, perfil profissional, carga horária e duração. Dos 22 cursos identificados, 45,4% oferecem disciplinas relacionadas à avaliação gerontológica. Conclui-se que há crescente preocupação dos países em formar profissionais aptos a lidar com uma população idosa em crescimento.(AU)

The objective of this study is to analyze the offer of undergraduate degrees in Gerontology in Latin America and Portugal. 22 courses were located and it was analyzed by the course’s beginning, goal, professional profile, work load and duration. Among the 22 identified courses, 45,4% offer gerontological evaluation’s disciplines. Concluding there are countries’ growing warring on create professionals up to deal with an elderly population in growing.(AU)

Factors associated with number of erupted primary teeth in Brazilian children: a cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether nutritional status, gender, weight, and height affected the number of erupted primary teeth in six- to 30 month-old children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving an oral clinical examination, and weight and height measurements of 232 children, as well as a questionnaire filled out by their parents. Statistical analysis involved descriptive data, Spearman's correlation coefficient, Kruskall-Wallis test, and multiple linear regression in two sets, using the enter method to control the confounding factor (age) and the stepwise method for gender, weight, and height ( P<.05). The calculation of effect size proposed by Cohen was used to test the clinical significance of the findings. RESULTS: The number of erupted teeth was not significantly influenced by nutritional status ( P<.58; Kruskal-Wallis test) or gender ( P=.95; Mann-Whitney test). Body weight had a statistically significant association with the number of erupted primary teeth ( P<.001), and height showed a positive correlation with this variable, both independently of the child's age. CONCLUSION: The number of erupted primary teeth was affected by weight in children of the same age.

Apoio social em contexto de pobreza: estudando idosos com alterações cognitivas e seus cuidadores familiares / Apoyo social en el contexto de pobreza: un estudio acerca de ancianos con alteraciones cognitivas y sus cuidadores familiares / Social support in the context of poverty: a study of the elderly with cognitive impairments and their family caregivers

Objetivo: Descrever a estrutura e função das redes de apoio social de idosos com alterações cognitivas que residem em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social, e de seus cuidadores familiares. Método: Os sujeitos foram 33 idosos cadastrados em Unidades de Saúde da Família que apresentaram desempenho no Mini Exame do Estado Mental abaixo da nota de corte em estudo anterior, e seus 33 cuidadores. Aplicou-se o Mini Exame do Estado Mental e o Diagrama de Escolta. Todos os cuidados éticos foram observados. Resultados: Tanto os idosos, quanto os cuidadores referem redes sociais com características semelhantes. Os cuidadores, no entanto, fornecem mais apoio do que os idosos. Em ambos os casos as redes são numerosas, porém, poucos integrantes oferecem ou recebem apoio. Conclusão: A utilização das redes sociais como recurso terapêutico devem ser pensadas no estabelecimento do plano de cuidado ao idoso.

Objective: To describe the structure and function of social support networks of elderly people with cognitive impairments who reside in the context of high social vulnerability, and their family caregivers. Method: The subjects were 33 elderly enrolled in Family Health Units that showed performance on the Mini Mental State Examination below the cutoff score in a previous study, and their 33 caregivers. We applied the Mini-Mental State Examination and Diagram Escort. All ethical guidelines were followed. Results: Both the elderly and caregivers relate social networks with similar characteristics. Caregivers, however, provide more support than the elderly. In both cases networks are numerous, however, few members providing or receiving support. Conclusion: The use of social networks as a therapeutic resource must be designed to establish the plan of care to the elderly.

Objetivo: Describir la estructura y función de las redes de apoyo social de personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo que residen en contexto de alta vulnerabilidad social, y sus cuidadores familiares. Método: Los sujetos fueron 33 adultos mayores inscritos en Centros de Salud Familiar que mostraron el rendimiento en el Mini Examen del Estado Mental por debajo del punto de corte en un estudio anterior, y sus 33 cuidadores. Se aplicó el Mini Examen del Estado Mental y Diagrama de Escolta. Todas las recomendaciones éticas fueron observadas. Resultados: Tanto las personas mayores y los cuidadores se refieren las redes sociales con características similares. Los cuidadores, sin embargo, ofrecer más apoyo a los ancianos. En ambos casos las redes son numerosas, sin embargo, pocos miembros suministrar o recibir apoyo. Conclusión: El uso de las redes sociales como un recurso terapéutico debe ser diseñado para establecer el plan de atención a los ancianos.

[Cognitive alterations of the elderly in home settings and the attitudes of children towards aging]. / Alterações cognitivas de idosos no contexto domiciliar e atitudes de crianças em relação à velhice.

Children develop attitudes towards aging from birth and are influenced by everyday factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate attitudes towards aging of children living with elderly individuals with and without cognitive changes. Home interviews were performed with 54 children from five Family Health Units, 25 of whom lived with seniors with cognitive changes (group 1), and 29 living with seniors without cognitive changes (group 2). All ethical precautions were observed. The Scale for Children's Attitudes Towards Aging was used. The mean scores obtained were 1.66 (group 1) and 1.52 (group 2). One point represented the most positive possible score, and three points the most negative. The comparison between groups, cognition domains, and social relationships presented significant rates, showing that children living with seniors with cognitive changes have more negative attitudes in these domains. Primary healthcare professionals should pay close attention to multigenerational families and invest in their education.

Alterações cognitivas de idosos no contexto domiciliar e atitudes de crianças em relação à velhice / Cognitive alterations of the elderly in home settings and the attitudes of children towards aging / Alteraciones cognitivas del anciano en contexto domiciliario y actitudes de infantes en relación a la vejez

Crianças desenvolvem atitudes em relação à velhice desde o nascimento, influenciadas por fatores cotidianos. Objetivou-se avaliar e comparar a atitude em relação à velhice de crianças morando com idosos com e sem alterações cognitivas. Realizaram-se entrevistas domiciliares com 54 crianças de cinco USF, 25 morando com idosos com alterações cognitivas (grupo 1) e 29 com idosos sem alterações cognitivas (grupo 2). Os cuidados éticos foram observados. Aplicou-se a Escala de Atitudes em Relação à Velhice para Crianças, na qual a pontuação média foi de 1,66 pontos (grupo 1) e 1,52 (grupo 2). Um ponto representava a pontuação mais positiva e três pontos a mais negativa possível. Comparando os grupos, os domínios cognição e relacionamento social apresentaram índices significativos, indicando que crianças convivendo com idosos com alteração cognitiva têm atitudes mais negativas nestes domínios. Profissionais de saúde na atenção básica devem atentar-se às famílias multigeracionais e investir na educação das mesmas.

Children develop attitudes towards aging from birth and are influenced by everyday factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate attitudes towards aging of children living with elderly individuals with and without cognitive changes. Home interviews were performed with 54 children from five Family Health Units, 25 of whom lived with seniors with cognitive changes (group 1), and 29 living with seniors without cognitive changes (group 2). All ethical precautions were observed. The Scale for Children's Attitudes Towards Aging was used. The mean scores obtained were 1.66 (group 1) and 1.52 (group 2). One point represented the most positive possible score, and three points the most negative. The comparison between groups, cognition domains, and social relationships presented significant rates, showing that children living with seniors with cognitive changes have more negative attitudes in these domains. Primary healthcare professionals should pay close attention to multigenerational families and invest in their education.

Los niños desarrollan actitudes relacionadas a la vejez desde el nacimiento, influenciadas por factores cotidianos. Se objetivó evaluar y comparar la actitud relacionada a la vejez de niños viviendo con ancianos con y sin alteraciones cognitivas. Se realizaron entrevistas domiciliarias con 54 infantes de cinco USF, 25 viviendo con ancianos con alteraciones cognitivas (grupo 1) y 29 con ancianos sin alteraciones (grupo 2). Se observaron los cuidados éticos. Se aplicó Escala de Actitudes Relacionadas a la Vejez para Infantes; el puntaje promedio fue 1,66 (grupo 1) y 1,52 (grupo 2). Un punto representa el score más positivo, tres puntos, el score más negativo. Comparando los grupos, los dominios cognición y relación social presentaron índices significativos, indicando que infantes conviviendo con ancianos con alteraciones cognitivas tienen actitudes más negativas en estos dominios. Profesionales de salud en atención básica deberían alentar a las familias multigeneracionales a invertir en la educación del infante.

Variation in the CXCR1 gene (IL8RA) is not associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: The chemokine receptor 1 CXCR-1 (or IL8R-alpha) is a specific receptor for the interleukin 8 (IL-8), which is chemoattractant for neutrophils and has an important role in the inflammatory response. The polymorphism rs2234671 at position Ex2+860G>C of the CXCR1 gene causes a conservative amino acid substitution (S276T). This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) seemed to be functional as it was associated with decreased lung cancer risk. Previous studies of our group found association of haplotypes in the IL8 and in the CXCR2 genes with the multifactorial disease chronic periodontitis. In this study we investigated the polymorphism rs2234671 in 395 Brazilian subjects with and without chronic periodontitis. FINDINGS: Similar distribution of the allelic and genotypic frequencies were observed between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The polymorphism rs2234671 in the CXCR1 gene was not associated with the susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in the studied Brazilian population.

O futebol feminino nos jogos olímpicos de Pequim / Female soccer in the Beijing olympic games

Neste As relações de gênero hierarquizam homens e mulheres em diversas áreas, sendo uma delas o futebol. Este trabalho analisou as reportagens do caderno Pequim 2008 do jornal Folha de São Paulo para identificar o espaço destinado para as reportagens do futebol feminino e masculino, e avaliar qualitativamente o que é informado aos seus leitores. O resultado mostra que a porcentagem de palavras destinada as mulheres foi maior do que em outras pesquisas e a área das fotos foi similar entre os sexos, mas isso só ocorreu devido a influência do evento. As notícias permitiram uma análise da mulher no futebol: as entidades perpetuam a diferença hierárquica entre os sexos ao não dar suporte a elas; o levantamento de questões ligadas a estética aponta porque essas atletas não são erotizadas pela mídia como em outras modalidades; pelo futebol ser visto como espaço masculino a mídia exigiu melhores resultados dos homens.

Gender relations put men and women in different areas of the hierarchy, for instance in the case of soccer. This work analyzed the news articles from the Beijing 2008 section of the Newspaper Folha de São Paulo to identify the space attributed to news articles about female and male soccer, and to qualitatively evaluate what is said to its readers. The result shows that the percentage of words addressing women was higher compared to other surveys and the area for pictures was similar for both genders, however this only happened on account of the influence of the event. The news allowed for an analysis of women in soccer: the entities that perpetuate the hierarchical difference between the genders when they don‟t support them; the raising of issues regarding aesthetics which explains why these athletes are not erotized by the media as is the case in other modalities; as soccer is considered to be a male area the media demanded better results from the men.