[Medical, educational and neurophysiological prerequisites to the formation of the motivation to exercises in students].

A characteristic feature of the life activity of modern children and adolescents is the couch potato, mostly "sedentary" lifestyle. Biomedical and psychosocial significance of motor activity (MA) stipulates the necessity of the substantiation of scientific and methodological approaches to the formation of the motivation to exercises and sports in children. The purpose of the study was in the scientific substantiation and the delivery of medical, pedagogical and neurophysiological prerequisites for the formation of the motivation to increase MA in students in current conditions of their life activity. There were examined 189 students from 2-5th and 9th classes, out of them 65 students were observed in the dynamics of the school year; 585 students from the 1st-11th classes participated in the survey. Results of the study allowed to reveal the relation of students to the lessons of physical training, to evaluate the impact of a new educational program on the functional possibilities of the body of children from the special medical group "A" and to reveal the neurophysiological features of adolescents with different needs in motion.

[Age-related changes in operators' activities and brain bioelectrical activity in the Navy specialists]. / Vozrastnye izmeneniia operatorskoi deiatel'nosti i bioélektricheskoi aktivnosti golovnogo mozga u spetsialistov voenno-morskogo flota.

Psycho- and neurophysiologic investigation of 66 Navy specialists aged 18-71 has revealed the consecutive age-related worsening of different components of operators' activities with predominant and more early disorders in the processes of sensomotor coordination and attention. Apparently the age-related changes in functional state of certain cerebral areas underlie the observed disorders in operators' activities. It is supported by the results of correlation analysis between neurophysiologic and psychophysiologic indices.

[Neurophysiological and psychopharmacological effects of eiconol--a complex of unsaturated fatty acids]. / Neirofiziologicheskie i psikhofiziologicheskie éffekty éikonola--kompleksa nepredel'nykh zhirnykh kislot.

The effect of omega-3 polyunsturated fatty acids on the psychophysiological state of an operator was studied and mechanisms of the drug action were analyzed based on the EEG data. Changes in the psychophysiological and hemodynamic characteristics, EEG, and catecholamine excretion after a 30-day administration of eiconol--a complex of unsaturated fatty acids--in a daily dose of 8 g were studied in a group of 16 middle-aged healthy male operators. It was established that eiconol decreases systolic arterial pressure, reduces adrenalin excretion with urine, imparts the sense of well-being, improves the parameters of activity and the attention stability and concentration, and decreases the level of static tremor. The drug reduces basic anxiety level and motivation to the operator performance, but at the expense of some decrease in the sensomotor coordination. By the pattern of EEG profile changes, including an increase in the theta (5-7 Hz) and beta (15-28 Hz) bands and a decrease in the delta (0.8-2.0 Hz) band, eiconol resembles psychotropic agents of the adrenoblocking and GABA-ergic types, especially benzodiazepine activators.

[The neuro- and psychophysiological effects of bromantane]. / Neiro- i psikhofiziologicheskie éffekty bromantana.

The study of EEG and psychophysiological parameters and their correlations in 10 healthy volunteers after single oral administration of bromantan in comparison with placebo revealed favourable influence of the drug on operators' functional state. By EEG-profile (increase in middle-frequency alpha-rhythm power with lowering of powers in delta- and beta1-bands) bromantan is similar to many drugs with moderate psychostimulating, antiamnestic and antihypoxic properties. Bromantan does not alter the subjective state and principal components of operators' performance in untired men but promotes the appearance of EEG-signs of moderate vigilance rise and forming of productive action state coupled with favourable for precise motor performance tremor reduction. Operator's functional state optimization leads to extension of reserve abilities and probably causes efficiency of bromantan as a well known remedy for maintenance of high working capacity in tired operators and under extreme conditions.

[Changes in the reactivity of the sensorimotor cortex resulting from the treatment of patients with depressive disorders]. / Izmenenie reaktivnosti sensomotornoi kory v rezul'tate lecheniia bol'nykh s depressivnymi rasstroistvami.

Changes in the mu-rhythm power in response to sound (non-specific reactivity, NR) and related with the actual and imaginary movement with the right and left hand in response to sound (specific reactivity, SR) were studied in 38 right-handed patients with subdepressive psychogenic (PD) and endogenous (ED) disorders before and after successful complex treatment (pharmacotherapy and acupuncture) in comparison with 23 healthy subjects. The successful treatment was found to be accompanied by a certain extent of normalization of the disturbed SR which was different in PD and ED. The more complete recovery of the normal reactions in PD was mainly accounted for by the relative decrease in the NR and increase in the SR. The ED treatment predominantly modified the SR. Substantial reorganization of interhemispheric relations during movements in the PD patients resulted in disappearance of the abnormal ipsilateral reactions and transition to the contralateral reactions of the sensorimotor cortex.

[The reactivity of the sensorimotor rhythm in patients with depressive disorders]. / Reaktivnost' sensomotornogo ritma u bol'nykh s depressivnymi rasstroistvami.

Reactions of mu-rhythm to sound (unspecific reactivity), actual and imaged movement (specific reactivity) were studied in 30 right-handed patients with psychogenic (Pg) and endogenous (Eg, cyclophrenia and low-progredient schizophrenia) subdepressive disorders and 23 healthy subjects. Predominant derangement of specific reactivity was revealed in patients which consisted in attenuation of reactions and reorganization of interhemispheric relations. During the actual movement there was a decrease in mu-rhythm reactivity in the left hemisphere and its increase in the right one. The imaged movement was associated with some decrease in the right-hemisphere mu-rhythm reactivity. The degree of reorganization of interhemispheric relations was higher in Eg patients, especially in schizophrenic ones. Abnormal ipsilateral reactions were induced by the actual (in Eg patients) or imaged movement (in Pg patients) with the right hand. These abnormal reactions are regarded as a return to an immature (childish) form. Only in schizophrenic patients the level of unspecific reactivity is lower than in the healthy subjects. There were no hemispheric differences in the sound-induced mu-rhythm reaction both in patients and healthy subjects.

[The electrophysiological characteristics of brain function in mental disorders in participants in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Elektrofiziologicheskaia kharakteristika funktsional'nogo sostoianiia mozga pri psikhicheskikh rasstroistvakh u uchastnikov likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

150 liquidators who had worked in the Chernobyl accident area were examined. All of them had mental diseases. Both alpha-rhythms disorganisation and increase of beta-1 activity were usually observed in brain cortex sensomotor areas of 43 patients as compared with 17 healthy individuals. Meanwhile alpha-activity was significantly decreased especially in the left hemispheres of patients with psycho-organic syndrome. The majority of patients were characterized by both enhanced reaction to light flashes rhythm assimilation and the decrease of nonspecific and skin-galvanic reactions to the light stimulus. The conclusion is made about the systemic CNS damage in such patients that was more pronounced in psycho-organic syndrome.

[The characteristics of the electrical reactions of the sensorimotor cortex to real and mental movement in left-handed and ambidextrous subjects with speech disorders at age 6-7]. / Osobennosti élektricheskikh reaktsii sensomotornoi kory na real'noe i myslennoe dvizhenie u levshei i ambidekstrov s narusheniiami rechi 6--7 let.

Responses of alpha-, theta- and beta-I rhythms of the sensorimotor cortex to sound, movement and its mental reproduction for the right and left hand are described in 8 normal and 11 children aged 6 to 7 years with general speech disorders (GSD). Differences in the responses of left-handers and ambidextrous children were recorded. They lie in the degree of the involvement of the hemispheres, in the character of asymmetry and rhythmical composition of the response. Ambidextrous children in health and with GSD were characterized by noticeable responsiveness of the theta rhythm. In left-handers with GSD, the responses towards movement did not differ from normal, with asymmetry of the response to sound being less. As compared to normal children, ambidextrous ones with GSD showed mirror reactions. It is assumed that in children with GSD ambidexterity may be of pathological nature.

[Age-related dynamics of the reactivity of the sensorimotor cortex rhythms during real and imaginary movements in schoolchildren with total speech underdevelopment]. / Vozrastnaia dinamika reaktivnosti ritmov sensomotornoi kory pri real'nom i myslennom dvizhenii u doshkol'nikov s obshchim nedorazvitiem rechi.

The author relates the age-associated dynamics of the responsiveness of rolandic alpha-, theta- and beta-I rhythms in 31 right-handed boys with total speech underdevelopment (TSU) and 32 healthy right-handed boys at real and mental motion of the left and right hand. Retardation of the development of the responses in children with TSU was shown as were rhythmic impoverishment and reflectivity of those responses. They were short of the ipsilateral response of the theta-rhythm during right hand motion, which is reviewed in healthy children as an early "extrapyramidal" stage of reacting. Emphasis is laid on an appreciable asymmetry of the encephalogram in children with TSU at rest and in healthy children at motion. The relationship is demonstrated between the number of synergic movements and the degree of maturity of the electroencephalographic response and the character of its lateralization. The rolandic alpha-rhythm in preschool children is regarded as a prototype of the adult mu-rhythm.

[Reactivity of rolandic rhythm in children with a general speech development disorder]. / Reaktivnost' rolandicheskogo ritma u detei s obshchim nedorazvitiem rechi.

Investigated were 31 children aged 5 to 7 with a general speech under-development (GSU), 41 age-matched healthy children and 20 adults. In the nonrighthanded children the rolandic rhythm reactivity in movements was not shaped. In patients to a greater extent than in controls. The absence of considerable interhemispheric differences was notable. In GSU children the responses to movements were shaped later and were mirror reflections of those in adult left-handed subjects. In imaginated movements, the GSU children's response was analogous to that in actual movement. In healthy children the response was manifested in the right hemisphere, irrespective of the functional asymmetry profile, and was ipsilateral to imaginatory right arms movements in left-handed subjects. This response pattern is considered as a stage reflecting the development of imaginatory notions.