Microencapsulation of Chilean Papaya Waste Extract and Its Impact on Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties.

The microencapsulation of bioactive extracts of Chilean papaya waste, including both seeds and skin, was investigated. Papaya waste extract microcapsules utilizing maltodextrin at 10% (MD10), 20% (MD20), and 30% (MD30) (w/v) as the wall material through the freeze-drying process were obtained, and subsequently their physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. The TPC efficiency and yield values achieved were more than 60% for the microencapsulated seed and skin extracts, respectively. The best results for phenolic and antioxidant compounds were found in the microencapsulated seed extract with MD20, with a value of 44.20 ± 3.32 EAG/g DW for total phenols and an antioxidant capacity of 12.0 ± 0.32 mol ET/g DW for the DPPH and 236.3 ± 4.1 mol ET/g DW for the FRAP assay. In addition, the seed and skin samples reduced ROS generation in H2O2-treated Hek293 cells. In terms of antimicrobial activity, values ranging from 7 to 15 mm of inhibitory halos were found, with the maximum value corresponding to the inhibition of S. aureus, for both microencapsulated extracts. Therefore, the successful microencapsulation of the waste bioactive extracts (seed and skin) with the demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant properties highlight the bioactivity from Chilean papaya waste resources.

Annona cherimola Seed Extracts Trigger an Early Apoptosis Response and Selective Anticlonogenic Activity against the Human Gastric Carcinoma Cell Line SNU-1.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the antiproliferative, apoptotic and diminishing effects of the anchored growth-independent capacity of an ethanol macerate extract from the Annona cherimola seed (EMCHS) in the human gastric cancer cell line SNU-1. The cells treated with EMCHS (20 µg/mL) significantly reduced the capacity to form clones of the tumor cell. Moreover, 50 µg/mL of EMCHS extract induced apoptosis, as was shown by the Annexin-V assay. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis detected two acetogenins (Annonacinone and Annonacin) in the EMCHS, which could be largely responsible for its selective antiproliferative effect. The identification of fatty acids by GC-FID showed the presence of eight fatty acids, among which was, oleic acid, which has recognized activity as an adjuvant in antitumor treatments. Taken together, our results indicate that the EMCHS seems promising for use as a natural therapy against gastric cancer disease.

Effect of Extraction Methods and In Vitro Bio-Accessibility of Microencapsulated Lemon Extract.

The extraction of bioactive compounds from fruits, such as lemon, has gained relevance because these compounds have beneficial properties for health, such as antioxidant and anticancer properties; however, the extraction method can significantly affect these properties. High hydrostatic pressure and ultrasound, as emerging extraction methods, constitute an alternative to conventional extraction, improving extractability and obtaining extracts rich in bioactive compounds. Therefore, lemon extracts (LEs) were obtained by conventional (orbital shaking), ultrasound-assisted, and high-hydrostatic-pressure extraction. Extracts were then microencapsulated with maltodextrin at 10% (M10), 20% (M20), and 30% (M30). The impact of microencapsulation on LEs physicochemical properties, phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and relative bio-accessibility (RB) was evaluated. M30 promoted a higher microencapsulation efficiency for TPC and TFC, and a longer time required for microcapsules to dissolve in water, as moisture content, water activity and hygroscopicity decreased. The RBs of TPC and TFC were higher in microcapsules with M30, and lower when conventional extraction was used. The data suggest that microencapsulated LE is promising as it protects the bioactivity of phenolic compounds. In addition, this freeze-dried product can be utilized as a functional ingredient for food or supplement formulations.

Ultrasound and high hydrostatic pressure extractions on antioxidant capacity, antiproliferative and apoptosis effects in gastric cancer cells by lemon extract treatment.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of lemon extracts (LE) against human gastric cancer cells (SNU-1) and normal human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1), and their mechanism of inducing cellular death. LE was obtained by three extraction methods: conventional (CE), ultrasound (UAE) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHPE). Experimental results show that the extraction method used to obtain the LE had a significant influence on antioxidant capacity, cellular proliferation, and induction of apoptosis in SNU-1 cells. LE was showed to be cytotoxic with an IC50 of 1747.0 µg mL-1 and 1704.3 µg mL-1, as obtained by UAE and HHPE, respectively. In addition, this extract induces apoptosis as evidenced by confocal microscopy. Our findings indicate that LE would be an attractive source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antiproliferative capacity and can improve the functional value of food.

Optimization of extraction yield, flavonoids and lycopene from tomato pulp by high hydrostatic pressure-assisted extraction.

Tomato pulp is a useful source of antioxidants, which can be extracted by high hydrostatic pressure (HHPE). This study aimed to optimize the individual and interactive effect of operating high pressure and solvent polarity (solvent mixture) on yield extraction, flavonoid and lycopene content from tomato pulp (Solanum lycopersicum) by using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the selected factors (high pressure and solvent mixture) have a significant influence on extraction yield, flavonoid and lycopene content. Extraction at 450 MPa and 60% hexane concentration in the solvent mixture was considered the optimal HHPE condition since it provided the maximum extraction yield (8.71%), flavonoid (21.52 ±â€¯0.09 mg QE/g FW) and lycopene content (2.01 ±â€¯0.09 mg QE/100 g FW). Therefore, HHPE could be a useful tool improve the extraction and release of potentially health-related compounds while providing information on the cumulative effect of solvent polarity and high-pressure extraction on antioxidant compounds of fruits.

Poroma ecrino polipoide en escroto: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Polypoid eccrine poroma in scrotum: report of a case and review of literature

Los poromas ecrinos son tumores anexiales benignos raros, derivados de la porción intraepidermal de los conductos sudoríparos. Las plantas son más comúnmente afectadas. Poroma ecrino también ha sido reportado en la espalda, cuello, tórax anterior y nariz. Se presenta un varón con poroma ecrino en el escroto como una lesión eritematosa polipoide o pediculada. El lugar de presentación de este paciente es inusual.

Eccrine poromas are rare, benign adnexal tumors derived from the intraepidermal portion of sweat ducts. The soles are more commonly affected. Eccrine poroma has also been reported to occur on the back, neck, chest, and nose. Here we show a man with a eccrine poroma on the scrotum, like an rythematous pedunculated lesion or polypoid skin lesion. The site of this patientÆs lesion was unusual.

Liquen plano pilaris lineal pigmentado de la cara en una mujer / Linear lichen planus pilaris pigmentosus of the face in a woman

El liquen plano pilaris lineal de la cara (LPPL) es una rara variante de liquen plano pilaris, caracterizado por presentar pápulas foliculares asintomáticas en una configuración lineal. Hay pocos casos reportados en hombres adultos y menos aún en mujeres. El liquen plano pigmentoso (LPP) es también una forma diferente del liquen plano clásico, con un curso clínico prolongado, se manifiesta con máculas marrones oscuras. Describimos un caso muy raro de liquen plano pilaris pigmentado con una distribución lineal en áreas del mentón y cuello en una paciente mujer.

Linear lichen planopilaris (LPPL) of the face is a rare variant of lichen planus pilaris, characterized by asymptomatic follicular papules in a linear configuration. There are few reported cases in adult men and even less in woman. Lichen planus pigmentosum is also a different presentation of classic lichen planus with a prolonged clinical course and dark brown macules. We describe a very rare case of LPPL pigmentosus with a linear distribution on the neck and chin in a female patient.

Leiomatosis cutánea y uterina: síndrome de Reed / Cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis: Reed's syndrome

Los leiomiomas cutáneos son tumores poco frecuentes de músculo liso dérmico, habitualmente múltiples, que se asocian a leiomiomatosis uterina en algunos casos con carácter de herencia autosómica dominante. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 45 años con leiomiomatosis cutánea y uterina múltiple (síndrome de Reed).

Variantes atípicas de micosis fungoide: foliculotrópica e hiperpigmentada / Atipical forms of mycosis fungoides

La micosis fungoide es una neoplasia debida a la proliferación debida a la proliferación clonal de linfocitos Tepidermotrópicos. Además de la forma clásica (parche, placa, tumor) descrita por Alibert-Bazin, presenta diversas variantes atípicas. Se reporta los casos de dos pacientes con micosis fungoide atípica: variante foliculotrópica y variante hiperpigmentada.

Factores asociados a la remisión de crisis epilépticas: Hospital Belén de Trujillo (1997-2000) / Factors associated to remission of seizures: Belen Hospital of Trujillo (1997-2000)

Introducción: La información referente al pronóstico de la epilepsia es heterogénea. Estudiamos retroprospectivamente los factores asociados a la remisión de crisis epilépticas en los pacientes del Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Belén de Trujillo. Método: Se entrevistaron a 80 epilépticos adultos que habían recibido por lo menos un año de tratamiento antoconvulsivante; y se los agrupó según alcanzaron o no remisión de crisis durante un periodo de un año o más. Resultados: La frecuencia de remisión de crisis fue 29 por ciento. La remisión de crisis epilépticas estuvo asociada a la ausencia de factores precipitantes de crisis y de enfermedades neurológicas que afectan el control de las crisis. No hubo asociación entre la remisión de crisis y tipo de crisis, número de crisis antes de la terapia farmacológica, etiología de la epilepsia, respuesta de las crisis a la primera droga anticonvulsivante y cumplimiento con el regimen farmacológico. El motivo de incumplimiento con el régimen farmacológico más frecuente fue el costo de las drogas (33 por ciento). Los factores precipitantes de crisis más frecuentes fueron los estímulos sensoriales (52 por ciento). Conclusiones: La remisión de crisis epiléptoicas estuvo asociada a la ausencia de factores precipitantes de crisis y deenfermedades que afectan el control de las crisis.