RESUMO
Over the years and with the evolution of cinema, the representations of the dentist have also evolved. From silent to talking pictures, from black and white to colour, from Hollywood to European cinema, we have tried to identify the characteristics of the dentist in the films. From being a secondary and anecdotal character, he has now become the protagonist of choice. From a caricature and a scripted argument, the dentist has gradually become a complex protagonist. The public's perception of the dental profession is influenced by these changes, giving hope for a better relationship between patients and dentists, with the aim of improving oral public health. (AU)
A lo largo de los años y con la evolución del cine, las representaciones de los dentistas también han evolucionado. Desde el cine mudo hasta el sonoro, desde el blanco y negro hasta el color, desde Hollywood hasta el cine europeo, hemos tratado de identificar las características del dentista en las películas. De ser un personaje secundario y anecdótico, ha pasado a ser el protagonista por excelencia. De ser una caricatura y un argumento guionizado, el dentista se ha ido convirtiendo en un protagonista complejo. Estos cambios influyen en la percepción que el público tiene de la profesión dental, lo que permite esperar una mejor relación entre pacientes y dentistas, con el objetivo de mejorar la salud pública bucodental. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Odontólogos , Filmes Cinematográficos , Relações Médico-Paciente , OdontologiaRESUMO
Obesity is associated with volumetric arterial hypertension and with early increase in heart rate and decreased heart rate variability. The consequences of obesity-related hypertension on heart gene regulation are poorly known and were investigated in a model of obesity-related hypertension induced by high fat diet in dogs. When compared with control animals (n=6), a 9-week high fat diet (n=6) provoked significant weight gain and increased blood pressure load and heart rate but failed to significantly change left ventricular mass assessed by echocardiography. Subtractive hybridization of dog heart cDNA libraries were used to generate sublibraries containing differentially expressed cDNAs that were in turn spotted onto membranes to create custom microarrays. Hybridizations of these microarrays with complex probes representing mRNAs expressed in right atria and left ventricles from obese hypertensive and control dogs were performed. Thirty-eight differentially expressed genes were identified; altered expression was confirmed by Northern blot analysis in 15. In addition, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed differential expression for 80% of the randomly chosen tested genes. Once identified, transcripts were categorized into groups involved in metabolism, cell signaling, ionic regulation, cell proliferation, protein synthesis, and tissue remodeling. In addition, we found a set of 11 cDNAs encoding proteins with unknown functions. This study clearly shows that obesity-related hypertension, lasting for only 9 weeks, causes marked changes in gene expression in right atrium as well as the left ventricle that may contribute to early functional changes in heart function and to long-term structural changes such as left ventricular hypertrophy and remodeling.
