Providing office workers with height-adjustable workstation to reduce and interrupt workplace sitting time: protocol for the Stand Up for Healthy Aging (SUFHA) cluster randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Sedentary behavior (SB) has been linked to several negative health outcomes. Therefore, reducing SB or breaking up prolonged periods of SB improves functional fitness, food consumption, job satisfaction, and productivity. Reducing SB can be achieved by introducing a health-enhancing contextual modification promoted by a sit-stand desk in the workplace. The primary goal will be to test the effectiveness of this intervention in reducing and breaking up SB, while improving health outcomes in office-based workers during a 6-month intervention. METHODS: A two-arm (1:1), superiority parallel-group cluster RCT will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention in a sample of office-based workers from a university in Portugal. The intervention will consist of a psychoeducation session, motivational prompts, and contextual modification promoted by a sit-stand desk in the workplace for 6 months. The control group will work as usual in their workplace, with no contextual change or prompts during the 6-month intervention. Three assessment points will be conducted in both groups, pre-intervention (baseline), post-intervention, and a 3-month follow-up. The primary outcomes include sedentary and physical activity-related variables, which will be objectively assessed with 24 h monitoring using the ActivPAL for 7 days. The secondary outcomes include (a) biometric indices as body composition, body mass index, waist circumference, and postural inequalities; and (b) psychosocial variables such as overall and work-related fatigue, overall discomfort, life/work satisfaction, quality of life, and eating behavior. Both the primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at each assessment point. DISCUSSION: This study will lean on the use of a sit-stand workstation for 6 months, prompted by an initial psychoeducational session and ongoing motivational prompts. We will aim to contribute to this topic by providing robust data on alternating sitting and standing postures in the workplace. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was prospectively registered, and the details are at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JHGPW ; Registered 15 November 2022. OSF Preregistration.

Animal models for depression associated with HIV-1 infection.

Antiretroviral therapy has greatly extended the lifespan of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). As a result, the long-term effects of HIV infection, in particular those originating in the central nervous system (CNS), such as HIV associated depression, have gained importance. Animal models for HIV infection have proved very useful for understanding the disease and developing treatment strategies. However, HIV associated depression remains poorly understood and so far there is neither a fully satisfactory animal model, nor a pathophysiologically guided treatment for this condition. Here we review the neuroimmunological, neuroendocrine, neurotoxic and neurodegenerative basis for HIV depression and discuss strategies for employing HIV animal models, in particular humanized mice which are susceptible to HIV infection, for the study of HIV depression.

Pré-adolescentes em psicoterapia: capacidade de mentalização e divórcio altamente conflitivo dos pais / Preteens in psychotherapy: mentalization capacity and parents' highly conflictive divorce

O foco deste estudo foi a capacidade de mentalização de pré-adolescentes, no contexto dos rompimentos de vínculos resultantes da separação conjugal altamente conflitiva, bem como a possibilidade de desenvolvimento da capacidade de mentalização no processo terapêutico. Esses conceitos vêm sendo elaborados com base na vertente psicanalítica da teoria do apego, nas contribuições de alguns teóricos das relações objetais, especialmente Bion e Winnicott, e na Psicologia Cognitiva. Foi realizado um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, baseado no procedimento de Estudos de Casos Múltiplos. Os participantes - dois pré-adolescentes e seus pais - foram atendidos em uma clínica-escola na Região Sul do Brasil. A capacidade de mentalização desses participantes foi avaliada antes e depois de cinco meses de psicoterapia. Os principais resultados apontaram a capacidade de mentalização limitada ou ausente no início da psicoterapia, e mudanças na função reflexiva e capacidade de mentalização após os primeiros cinco meses de atendimento.(AU)

The focus of this study was the mentalization capacity of preteens, in the context of a break in ties due to highly conflictive marital separation, and the possibility of developing the capacity of mentalization during the therapeutic process of these youths. These concepts have been conceived, based on the psychoanalytical branch of the attachment theory, contributions of certain object relations theories, especially those of Bion and Winnicott, and on Cognitive Psychology. A study with qualitative research approach was conducted, based on the procedure of Multiple Case Studies. The participants - two preteens and their parents - were treated at a clinic-school in the Southern region of Brazil. The mentalization capacity of these youths was evaluated before and after five months of psychotherapy. The main results pointed out to a limited or absent mentalization capacity at the beginning of psychotherapy and changes in the reflective function and mentalization capacity after the first five months of treatment.(AU)

Pré-adolescentes em psicoterapia: capacidade de mentalização e divórcio altamente conflitivo dos pais / Preteens in psychotherapy: mentalization capacity and parents' highly conflictive divorce

O foco deste estudo foi a capacidade de mentalização de pré-adolescentes, no contexto dos rompimentos de vínculos resultantes da separação conjugal altamente conflitiva, bem como a possibilidade de desenvolvimento da capacidade de mentalização no processo terapêutico. Esses conceitos vêm sendo elaborados com base na vertente psicanalítica da teoria do apego, nas contribuições de alguns teóricos das relações objetais, especialmente Bion e Winnicott, e na Psicologia Cognitiva. Foi realizado um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, baseado no procedimento de Estudos de Casos Múltiplos. Os participantes - dois pré-adolescentes e seus pais - foram atendidos em uma clínica-escola na Região Sul do Brasil. A capacidade de mentalização desses participantes foi avaliada antes e depois de cinco meses de psicoterapia. Os principais resultados apontaram a capacidade de mentalização limitada ou ausente no início da psicoterapia, e mudanças na função reflexiva e capacidade de mentalização após os primeiros cinco meses de atendimento.

The focus of this study was the mentalization capacity of preteens, in the context of a break in ties due to highly conflictive marital separation, and the possibility of developing the capacity of mentalization during the therapeutic process of these youths. These concepts have been conceived, based on the psychoanalytical branch of the attachment theory, contributions of certain object relations theories, especially those of Bion and Winnicott, and on Cognitive Psychology. A study with qualitative research approach was conducted, based on the procedure of Multiple Case Studies. The participants - two preteens and their parents - were treated at a clinic-school in the Southern region of Brazil. The mentalization capacity of these youths was evaluated before and after five months of psychotherapy. The main results pointed out to a limited or absent mentalization capacity at the beginning of psychotherapy and changes in the reflective function and mentalization capacity after the first five months of treatment.