Low-level laser therapy reduces delayed hypersensitivity reaction to ovalbumin in Balb/C mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in an experimental model of delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DTH). LLLT has been used clinically to treat numerous diseases and has been tested in different experimental models, but some of its effects have yet to be explained. We assessed the effects of LLLT on DTH to ovalbumin (OVA), a protein that has commonly been used as an antigen to sensitize laboratory animals. This experimental model is broadly used to assess the effects of substances that can potentially modulate the immune system and inflammatory reactions. Balb/C mice were randomly divided into four groups: (I) immunized, untreated, and challenged (n = 6); (II) not immunized, untreated, and challenged (n = 6); (III) immunized, treated with azathioprine (AZA), and challenged (n = 6); and (IV) immunized, treated with LLLT, and challenged (n = 6). Forty-eight hours after the challenge, the animals were submitted to a paw edema test and euthanized for histopathology analysis of their plantar pads. The results obtained in DTH units were as follows: Group I, 19.6 ± 8.9; Group II, 5.8 ± 2.6; Group III, 5.6 ± 2.5; and Group IV, 5.2 ± 2.6. DTH was less intense for the groups treated with AZA and laser compared with Group I (p < 0.05). We observed no statistical difference between the AZA- and LLLT-treated groups. The slides obtained from the footpad specimens showed that AZA and laser acted similarly on the normal pattern of DTH triggering. Our results suggest that treatment with LLLT has an immunomodulatory effect on DTH to OVA.

Prevalência de carcinoma da mucosa bucal no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica da Fundação Educacional Dom André Arcoverde / Prevalence of carcinoma in the buccal mucosa Department of Pathological Anatomy of the Fundação Educacional Dom Andre Arcoverde

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a incidência e descrever as características epidemiológicas dos casos de carcinoma epidermoide da mucosa bucal (CEMB) na região Sul-Fluminense. Foram analisados os prontuários com o diagnóstico histopatológico de CEMB emitidos por um importante centro de referência em Patologia Bucal da cidade de Valença-RJ, entre janeiro de 1990 e dezembro de 2008. Em uma amostra de 2573 prontuários, 172 apresentaram diagnóstico positivo para CEMB. Dos 172 casos diagnosticados, 58,3% acometeram indivíduos do gênero masculino, 76,32% dos casos ocorreram entre a quinta e a oitava década de vida. Em cerca de 13% dos casos, foi relatado tabagismo e/ou alcoolismo. A língua foi a região mais frequentemente acometida (21,73%), seguida pelo lábio (20,13%) e pelo assoalho bucal (18,63%). Clinicamente, o tamanho da lesão primária no momento do diagnóstico foi, em média, 2 x 1,5 cm, e seu tempo de evolução foi 8 meses para o gênero masculino e 6 meses para o gênero feminino, 43,41% dos casos apresentavam dor, 87,54% dos casos houve concordância entre o diagnóstico clinico e o histopatológico. Quanto ao grau de diferenciação histológica, 37,91% dos casos diagnosticados eram bem diferenciados, 46,21% moderadamente diferenciados e 15,88% indiferenciados. Estes resultados estão de acordo com a literatura e reforçam a importância de políticas públicas de combate ao câncer bucal.

The purpose of the present paper was to demonstrate the incidence and describe the epidemiological characteristics of the cases of epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity (ECOC) in the southern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. An analysis was made of the records containing a histopathological diagnosis of ECOC at a major reference center for oral pathology in the town of Valença-RJ between January 1990 and December 2008. Of the 2573 records examined, 172 had a positive diagnosis for ECOC. Of these, 58.3% were in males, and 76.32% of the cases were in individuals aged from 40 to 79 years. Smoking and/or alcoholism was reported in approximately 13% of the cases. The most commonly affected region was the tongue (21.73%), followed by the lip (20.13%) and the roof of the mouth (18.63%). Clinically, the size of the primary lesion at the time of diagnosis was, on average, 2 x 1.5 cm and the duration of its progression was 8 months in males and 6 months in females. Pain was present in 43.41% of the cases and in 87.54% the clinical diagnosis was in agreement with the histological diagnosis. As for the degree of histological differentiation, 37.91% of the cases diagnosed were well differentiated, 46.21% moderately differentiated and 15.88% undifferentiated. These results correspond to those in the literature and reinforce the importance of public health polices in the fight against cancer of the mouth.

Avaliação histomorfológica de maxilares humanos submetidos a enxerto ósseo autógeno e homógeno / Histomorphometric evaluation of autogenous and homogenous bone grafts on atrophic maxillary arches

O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de histomorfologia, quantitativa e qualitativamente os enxertos autógenos e homógenos realizados em maxilares atróficos cuja reabilitação oral visava à instalação de implantes dentários. Para o experimento, foram selecionados cinco pacientes que apresentavam maxilares atróficos para instalação de implantes. Desta forma, todos foram submetidos a procedimentos de enxertia óssea autógena e homógena, com exceção do paciente 2, que recebeu somente enxerto homógeno bilateral. Após o tempo de maturação dos tecidos enxertados (6 a 14 meses), foram colhidas amostras dos enxertos e estas foram preparadas pelas técnicas histológicas rotineiras para coloração com hematoxilina-eosina. Os resultados indicaram atividades osteogênicas em todas as amostras, com presença de células osteoprogenitoras em diferenciação e formação de camada osteoblástica, embora em estágios distintos de maturação tecidual. Entretanto, quando se comparou os potenciais osteogênicos de cada amostra e se traçou um paralelo entre o tempo de maturação óssea de cada enxerto e em cada paciente, observou-se que, independente do tipo de enxerto realizado e do tempo de maturação óssea, cada paciente apresentou potencial osteogênico semelhante para ambos os enxertos. Concluiu-se, ao término do trabalho, que a utilização de osso homógeno foi eficaz, induzindo mais rapidamente à remodelação óssea quando comparados com os enxertos autógenos. Somado a isso, o estágio de remodelação óssea esteve mais dependente da resposta orgânica individual de cada paciente do que propriamente do material utilizado na enxertia óssea.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively autogenous and homogenous grafts performed in atrophic maxillary arches before dental implant placement. Five patients with atrophic jaws were selected and received autogenous and homogeneous bone grafts, except for patient 2, who received only bilateral homogenous grafts. After 6 to 14 months, samples were retrieved and stained with hematoxylin/eosin. The results indicated osteogenic activity in all samples, with differentiating osteoprogenitor cells and subsequent formation of osteoblastic layer, although in different stages of tissue maturation. However, when the osteogenic potential of each sample and time of maturation of bone graft were analyzed, it was observed that, regardless of the type of graft used and the time of bone maturation, all patients showed similar potential osteogenic activity in both graft types. We conclude that the use of homogenous bone was effective, leading to faster bone turnover when compared with autogenous grafts. Further, the stage of bone remodeling was more dependent on the response of each individual organism than on the material used in autogenous or homogenous bone graft.

Down-regulation of transforming growth factor beta-2 expression is associated with the reduction of cyclosporin induced gingival overgrowth in rats treated with roxithromycin: an experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a common side effect of the chronic use of cyclosporine (CsA), an immunosuppressant widely used to prevent rejection in transplant patients. Recent studies have reported elevated levels of specific cytokines in gingival overgrowth tissue, particularly TGF-beta, suggesting that this growth factor plays a role in the accumulation of extracellular matrix materials. The effectiveness of azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, in the regression of this undesirable side effect has also been demonstrated. METHODS: In this study, we created an experimental model for assessing the therapeutic effect of roxithromycin in GO and the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta2) through immunohistochemistry. We used four groups of rats totaling 32 individuals. GO was induced during five weeks and drug treatment was given on the 6th week as follows: group 1 received saline; group 2 received CsA and was treated with saline on the 6th week; group 3 received CsA and, on the 6th week, ampicilin; and group 4 received CsA during 5 weeks and, on the 6th week, was treated with roxithromycin. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that roxithromycin treatment was effective in reducing cyclosporine-induced GO in rats. Both epithelial and connective tissue showed a decrease in thickness and a significant reduction in TGF-beta2 expression, with a lower number of fibroblasts, reduction in fibrotic areas and decrease in inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that the down-regulation of TGF-beta2 expression may be an important mechanism of action by which roxithromycin inhibits GO.

Avaliação do índice proliferativo pela expressão de Ki-67 em amostras de carcinoma de células escamosas da mucosa bucal e correlação com a graduação histológica / Evaluation of proliferative index by the expression of Ki-67 in samples of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa and correlation with histology studies

O emprego de técnicas imuno-histoquímicas, utilizando marcadores biológicos como o Ki-67 que permite a avaliação do índice de proliferação celular em neoplasias malignas, vem sendo preconizado como um importante caminho de investigação do comportamento biológico das neoplasias malignas tendo como consequências contribuições para o estabelecimento do prognóstico e desenvolvimento de novos protocolos terapêuticos os resultados sugerem que a expressão de Ki-67 está relacionada ao índice mitótico e consequentemente proliferação celular e diferenciação da neoplasia.

The job of imuno-histoquímicas techniques, using marking biological as the Ki-67 that allows the evaluation of the index of cellular proliferation in malignant neoplasias, comes being praised as an important way of inquirv of the biological behavior of the malignant neoplasias having as consequences contribuitions for the establishment of the prognostic and development of new therapeutical protocols the results suggest that the expression of Ki-67 is related to the mitótico index and consequently cellular proliferation and differentiation of the neoplasia.

Levantamento do assoalho do seio maxilar com enxerto autógeno associado ao uso tópico de antibiótico / Raise the floor of the maxillary sinus with autogenous bone graft associated with topical antibiotic

Procedimentos de levantamento do assoalho do seio maxilar têm sido realizados rotineiramente, com resultados previsíveis. Várias complicações têm sido relatadas na literatura. Entre elas está a incidência de infecções pós-operatórias. A prevenção destas infecções, através do uso do antibiótico tetraciclina, associado ao enxerto ósseo autógeno, bem como a qualidade e a quantidade de osso neoformado, quando este antibiótico foi usado, têm sido pouco citados, constituindo os principais objetivos deste estudo. Quatorze cirurgias foram realizadas em 14 pacientes, que foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Grupo A (estudo) e Grupo B (controle). No Grupo Controle usou-se somente enxerto de osso autógeno. O grupo de estudo recebeu uma mistura de osso autógeno com tetraciclina. Um total de sete biópsias foram feitas no tempo da instalação dos implantes, seis a 12 meses após o levantamento do assoalho do seio maxilar. Nos exames histológicos dos enxertos ósseos mesclados com tetraciclina, osso trabecular contendo osteócitos viáveis estava presente e era do tipo lamelar maduro, mostrando uma aparência histológica madura. A partir das observações histológicas, concluiu-se que a mistura de osso autógeno particulado com tetraciclina é uma promissora alternativa para prevenir infecções pós-operatórias, não prejudicando a qualidade e não diminuindo a quantidade óssea.

Effects of low-level laser therapy on the progress of wound healing in humans: the contribution of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies: [review]

Low-level laser therapy is an important method for the treatment of healing processes, and several experimental studies have been carried out in search of a greater understanding of its therapeutic possibilities. The objective of this study was to review pathogenetic aspects of soft tissue repair to better understand skin lesion healing and the role of low-intensity laser in the progression of tissue healing. This study consists of a concise review of scientific literature data on the use of low-level laser and its influence on wound healing. Many studies have extensively covered the effects of using laser radiation in tissues, describing its beneficial aspects in tissue healing. However, many unanswered questions demand research on the mechanism of action and on parameters of low-level laser use in different stages of wound repair to clarify how this method acts at a cell level in healing processes.

Utilizacao da citologia esfoliativa no diagnostico de candidiase bucal eritematosa em pacientes com aids / The use of esfoliative cytology to diagnosis of oral eritematous candidiasis in AIDS patients

A candidiase bucal e uma doenca infecciosa com diversas manifestacoes clinicas e o diagnostico e realizado, na maioria das vezes, de acordo com o aspecto clinico das lesoes. Entretanto, em algumas formas, faz-se necessario o uso de testes laboratoriais para confirmacao diagnostica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidencia de formas clinicas de candidiase bucal em pacientes com aids atendidos no Hospital Universitario da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Jora/MG (HU/UFJF) e realizar o diagnostico diferencial destas lesoes, utilizando para tal a citologia esfoliativa. Foram selecionados 50 pacientes adultos, da clinica de Doencas Infecciosas e Parasitarias (DIP-HU/UFJF). Todos os pacientes apresentavam imunossupressao no momento do exame, assim como hipotese clinica de candidiase bucal. Todos os pacientes com suspeita clinica de candidiase eritematosa foram submetidos a citologia esfoliativa. A candidiase pseudomembranosa foi a forma clinica mais prevalente, porem, a alta incidencia de candidiase eritematosa diagnosticada por citologia esfoliativa mereceu destaque.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression and detection of apoptosis at the site of chronic periodontitis in AIDS patients.

BACKGROUND: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is associated with the regulation of the life cell cycle of leukocytes in healthy and diseased states. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we investigated the presence of apoptosis of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the periodontal lesion from adult periodontitis in healthy control patients and AIDS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue samples adjacent to a 5-6 mm gingival sulcus, measured with a periodontal probe, were obtained during routine periodontal surgical procedures. The direct immuno-peroxidase of digoxigenin-labeled genomic DNA method was used for in situ detection of apoptosis in gingival tissues. RESULTS: Many tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-positive cells, detected by immunohistochemistry method, were observed in gingival samples of both groups of patients. In addition, a significant lower number ( p < 0.05) of mononuclear apoptotic cells were observed in AIDS patients when compared with healthy control patients. CONCLUSION: These data suggested an important role of the apoptosis of mononuclear cells in the pathogenesis of chronic adult periodontitis in AIDS patients.

Oral manifestation of tertiary syphilis: case report / Manifestação oral de sífilis terciária: relato de caso

This paper describes a case of benign tertiary syphilis represented by a solitary hypertrophic lesion on the dorsum surface of the tongue. The diagnosis was confirmed bu serologic tests (VDRL and FTA-ABS). Histopathological analysis of biopsy specimens revealed, in the lamina propria, the presence of well-developed granulomas associated with necrotic areas (gummatous lesion). Currently, tertiary syphilis is rarely seen; however, this case emphasizes that it still exists and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory oral lesions