Non-oncological gynecological diagnoses in a women's health care service during the pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze clinical factors and non-oncological gynecological diagnoses before and during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Crosssectional study at an Outpatient Gynecology Clinic in Brazil involving medical consultations performed during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The number of visits, prevalence of non-oncological gynecological diagnoses, and clinical-demographic data were analyzed. Parametric continuous variables were evaluated by Student's t-test and ANOVA tests, non-parametric variables were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, and categorical or binary variables were evaluated by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Univariate logistic regression tests were performed, and variables with p ≤ 0.20 were subjected to multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: There were 1,236 records during the pre-pandemic period and 530 during the pandemic, reflecting a significant reduction (57.88%; p = 0.001) in medical consultations. The outpatient prevalence of women older than 50 y (OR 0.85; 95%CI 0.68-1.05) reduced, and the outpatient prevalence of postmenopausal women with hot flashes (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.09-1.65; p = 0.005) and alcohol consumption habits (OR 2.76; 95%CI 1.15-6.59; p = 0.023) increased. There was a 6% proportional increase in noninflammatory disorders of the female genital tract (p = 0.030) and a 72.4% decrease in general physical examinations, contraception, and procreation (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that there was an increased prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding (OR, 1.7; 95% CI 1.34-2.16; p = 0.001) and endometriosis (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.13-2.42; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Medical consultations for benign gynecological diseases during the pandemic prevented non-inflammatory disorders of the female genital tract, with an emphasis on abnormal uterine bleeding and endometriosis. There was an increased prevalence of women under 50 years of age, women with symptoms of hot flashes, and alcohol consumption habits and a reduction in the prevalence of general physical examinations, contraception, and procreation.

Burden and social support in informal caregivers of people undergoing kidney dialysis: a mixed study.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the burden and the social support of the informal caregivers of people undergoing kidney dialysis. METHODS: mixed study, based on the Theory of Stress and Overload, using instruments of sociodemographic characterization, the Social Support Survey from the Medical Outcomes Study, Zarit's Burden Scale, and guiding questions. Analysis of data used statistical and thematic inferences. RESULTS: 55 caregivers were evaluated, most were women, from 31 to 50 years old, married, and having worked in care for more than three years. A high level of affective and material support was observed, with a light overload on the caregiver. The central theme of the discourses was: "Experiences of the caregiver: between the burden of responsibility and the search for meaning". CONCLUSIONS: a small overload was found in the participants, with a high median in the dimensions of affective and emotional support, in the relations between positive social interactions and the burden of the caregivers, in addition to the duality or responsibility and the meaning of care.

Burden and social support in informal caregivers of people undergoing kidney dialysis: a mixed study.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the burden and the social support of the informal caregivers of people undergoing kidney dialysis. METHODS: mixed study, based on the Theory of Stress and Overload, using instruments of sociodemographic characterization, the Social Support Survey from the Medical Outcomes Study, Zarit's Burden Scale, and guiding questions. Analysis of data used statistical and thematic inferences. RESULTS: 55 caregivers were evaluated, most were women, from 31 to 50 years old, married, and having worked in care for more than three years. A high level of affective and material support was observed, with a light overload on the caregiver. The central theme of the discourses was: "Experiences of the caregiver: between the burden of responsibility and the search for meaning". CONCLUSIONS: a small overload was found in the participants, with a high median in the dimensions of affective and emotional support, in the relations between positive social interactions and the burden of the caregivers, in addition to the duality or responsibility and the meaning of care.

Burden and social support in informal caregivers of people undergoing kidney dialysis: a mixed study / Sobrecarga y apoyo social entre cuidadores informales de personas en diálisis renal: estudio misto / Sobrecarga e apoio social entre cuidadores informais de pessoas em diálise renal: estudo misto

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the burden and the social support of the informal caregivers of people undergoing kidney dialysis. Methods: mixed study, based on the Theory of Stress and Overload, using instruments of sociodemographic characterization, the Social Support Survey from the Medical Outcomes Study, Zarit's Burden Scale, and guiding questions. Analysis of data used statistical and thematic inferences. Results: 55 caregivers were evaluated, most were women, from 31 to 50 years old, married, and having worked in care for more than three years. A high level of affective and material support was observed, with a light overload on the caregiver. The central theme of the discourses was: "Experiences of the caregiver: between the burden of responsibility and the search for meaning". Conclusions: a small overload was found in the participants, with a high median in the dimensions of affective and emotional support, in the relations between positive social interactions and the burden of the caregivers, in addition to the duality or responsibility and the meaning of care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar sobrecarga y apoyo social de cuidadores informales de personas en diálisis renal. Métodos: estudio misto, fundamentado en Teoría de Estrés y de la Sobrecarga, con instrumentos de caracterización sociodemográfica, escala de apoyo social del Medical Outcomes Study, Escala de Zarit y cuestiones orientadoras. Análisis de datos por inferencia estadística y temática. Resultados: evaluaron 55 cuidadores, mayoría del sexo femenino, edad de 31 a 50 años, casados y con tiempo de dedicación al cuidado superior a tres años. Observado alto nivel de apoyo afectivo y material y ligera sobrecarga del cuidador. Construido como tema central de los discursos: "Experiencias del cuidador: entre el peso de la responsabilidad y la búsqueda por sentido". Conclusiones: evidenciado ligera sobrecarga entre participantes, alta mediana en dimensiones de apoyo afectivo y emocional, relación entre interacción social positiva y sobrecarga de los cuidadores, además de la dualidad entre la responsabilidad y el sentido del cuidar.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a sobrecarga e o apoio social de cuidadores informais de pessoas em diálise renal. Métodos: estudo misto, fundamentado na Teoria de Estresse e da Sobrecarga, com instrumentos de caracterização sociodemográfica, escala de apoio social do Medical Outcomes Study, Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit e questões norteadoras. Análise dos dados por inferência estatística e temática. Resultados: avaliaram-se 55 cuidadores, maioria do sexo feminino, idade de 31 a 50 anos, casados e com tempo de dedicação ao cuidado superior a três anos. Observou-se alto nível de apoio afetivo e material e ligeira sobrecarga do cuidador. Construiu-se como tema central dos discursos: "Vivências do cuidador: entre o peso da responsabilidade e a busca por sentido". Conclusões: evidenciou-se ligeira sobrecarga entre os participantes, alta mediana nas dimensões de apoio afetivo e emocional, relação entre interação social positiva e sobrecarga dos cuidadores, além da dualidade entre a responsabilidade e o sentido do cuidar.

[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Burden and social support in informal caregivers of people undergoing kidney dialysis: a mixed study / [ARTÍCULO RETRACTADO] Sobrecarga y apoyo social entre cuidadores informales de personas en diálisis renal: estudio misto / [ARTIGO RETRATADO] Sobrecarga e apoio social entre cuidadores informais de pessoas em diálise renal: estudo misto

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the burden and the social support of the informal caregivers of people undergoing kidney dialysis. Methods: mixed study, based on the Theory of Stress and Overload, using instruments of sociodemographic characterization, the Social Support Survey from the Medical Outcomes Study, Zarit's Burden Scale, and guiding questions. Analysis of data used statistical and thematic inferences. Results: 55 caregivers were evaluated, most were women, from 31 to 50 years old, married, and having worked in care for more than three years. A high level of affective and material support was observed, with a light overload on the caregiver. The central theme of the discourses was: "Experiences of the caregiver: between the burden of responsibility and the search for meaning". Conclusions: a small overload was found in the participants, with a high median in the dimensions of affective and emotional support, in the relations between positive social interactions and the burden of the caregivers, in addition to the duality or responsibility and the meaning of care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar sobrecarga y apoyo social de cuidadores informales de personas en diálisis renal. Métodos: estudio misto, fundamentado en Teoría de Estrés y de la Sobrecarga, con instrumentos de caracterización sociodemográfica, escala de apoyo social del Medical Outcomes Study, Escala de Zarit y cuestiones orientadoras. Análisis de datos por inferencia estadística y temática. Resultados: evaluaron 55 cuidadores, mayoría del sexo femenino, edad de 31 a 50 años, casados y con tiempo de dedicación al cuidado superior a tres años. Observado alto nivel de apoyo afectivo y material y ligera sobrecarga del cuidador. Construido como tema central de los discursos: "Experiencias del cuidador: entre el peso de la responsabilidad y la búsqueda por sentido". Conclusiones: evidenciado ligera sobrecarga entre participantes, alta mediana en dimensiones de apoyo afectivo y emocional, relación entre interacción social positiva y sobrecarga de los cuidadores, además de la dualidad entre la responsabilidad y el sentido del cuidar.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a sobrecarga e o apoio social de cuidadores informais de pessoas em diálise renal. Métodos: estudo misto, fundamentado na Teoria de Estresse e da Sobrecarga, com instrumentos de caracterização sociodemográfica, escala de apoio social do Medical Outcomes Study, Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit e questões norteadoras. Análise dos dados por inferência estatística e temática. Resultados: avaliaram-se 55 cuidadores, maioria do sexo feminino, idade de 31 a 50 anos, casados e com tempo de dedicação ao cuidado superior a três anos. Observou-se alto nível de apoio afetivo e material e ligeira sobrecarga do cuidador. Construiu-se como tema central dos discursos: "Vivências do cuidador: entre o peso da responsabilidade e a busca por sentido". Conclusões: evidenciou-se ligeira sobrecarga entre os participantes, alta mediana nas dimensões de apoio afetivo e emocional, relação entre interação social positiva e sobrecarga dos cuidadores, além da dualidade entre a responsabilidade e o sentido do cuidar.

Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de indivíduos com Diabetes Mellitus em Teresina, Piauí / Perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de personas con Diabetes Mellitus en Teresina, Piauí / Sociodemographic and clinical profile of individuals with Diabetes Mellitus in Teresina, Piauí

Objetivo: analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de indivíduos com Diabetes Mellitus em Teresina, Piauí. Método: estudo observacional e retrospectivo, realizado a partir de dados secundários do Sistema HiperDia, de 2003 a 2012, extraídos em maio de 2020. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: foram analisados 1.486 casos novos de Diabetes Mellitus, com maior frequência do tipo 2, em mulheres, entre 40 e 59 anos. Predominaram indivíduos com o tipo 1 que não fumavam, não eram sedentários e não apresentavam sobrepeso. Quanto ao tipo 2, a maioria era sedentária, não fumante e não estava com sobrepeso. Entre as complicações, a doença renal foi mais prevalente, no tipo 1, e o Acidente Vascular Cerebral, no tipo 2. Conclusão: o conhecimento da situação epidemiológica do Diabetes Mellitus aponta a necessidade do desenvolvimento de ações para prevenção de fatores de risco evitáveis e de complicações.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical profile of individuals with Diabetes Mellitus in Teresina, Piauí. Method: observational and retrospective study, carried out using secondary data from the HiperDia System, from 2003 to 2012, extracted in May 2020. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 1,486 new cases of Diabetes Mellitus were analyzed, with a predominance of type 2, in females and aged between 40 and 59 years. Among individuals with type 1, those who did not smoke, were not sedentary and were not overweight predominated. As for type 2, most were sedentary, non-smokers and were not overweight. Among the complications, kidney disease was more prevalent, in type 1, and stroke, in type 2. Conclusion: knowledge of the epidemiological situation of Diabetes Mellitus points out the need to develop actions to prevent preventable risk factors and complications.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de individuos con Diabetes Mellitus en Teresina, Piauí. Método: estudio observacional y retrospectivo, realizado con datos secundarios del Sistema HiperDia, de 2003 a 2012, extraídos en mayo de 2020. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se analizaron 1.486 nuevos casos de Diabetes, con predominio del tipo 2, en el sexo femenino y entre los 40 y 59 años. Entre los individuos con tipo 1, predominaron los que no fumaban, no eran sedentarios y no tenían sobrepeso. En cuanto al tipo 2, la mayoría eran sedentarios, no fumadores y no tenían sobrepeso. Entre las complicaciones, la enfermedad renal fue más prevalente, en el tipo 1, y el ictus, en el tipo 2. Conclusión: el conocimiento de la situación epidemiológica de la Diabetes Mellitus señala la necesidad de desarrollar acciones para prevenir factores de riesgo prevenibles y complicaciones.(AU)

Are the cutaneous manifestations during or due to SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 frequent or not? Revision of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.

BACKGROUND: SARS-Cov-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus, a Betacoronavirus, composed of 16 non-structural proteins, with specific roles in replication of coronaviruses. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not yet fully understood. The virus and host factors interplay among distinct outcomes of infected patients. METHODS: Using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) in PubMed, authors searched for articles cotaining information on COVID-19 and the skin. RESULTS: The pathophysiology of the disease is multifactorial: association with innate immune response, hypercoagulability state, lung tissue damage, neurological and/or gastrointestinal tract involvement, monocytic/macrophage activation syndrome, culminating in exaggerated cytokine secretion, called "cytokine storm", which leads to worsening and death. These systemic conditions may be associated with cutaneous lesions, that have polymorphic aspects, where at histopathological level show involvement in different skin changes. These lesions may be associated with multisystemic manifestations that could occur due to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and transmembrane serine protease action, allowing the pulmonary infection and possibly skin manifestation. Several reports in literature show cutaneous lesions similar to chilblain, urticarial eruptions, diffuse or disseminated erythema, livedo racemosa, blue toe syndrome, retiform purpura, vesicle trunk, purpuric exanthema or exanthema with clinical aspects of symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) and others. CONCLUSIONS: This review describes the complexity of Covid-19, pathophysiological and clinical aspects, dermatological finding and other dermatological conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19.

Complex clinical case with Class III and open bite: stability after seven years.

A healthy 15-year-old boy with anterior open bite, edge-to-edge transverse discrepancy, and Class III skeletal relationship sought a nonsurgical orthodontic treatment. The patient was treated with premolars extraction, a Hyrax expander and intrusion mechanics with vertical elastics. This mechanics allowed for excellent facial and occlusal results. The final occlusion presented Class I molar and canine relationships, ideal overjet and overbite, and straight facial profile. Analysis of the posttreatment and follow-up radiographs showed that the treatment outcomes remained stable seven years after active orthodontic treatment. Thus, although combined orthodontic and surgical treatment should be considered for patients with this skeletal malocclusion, this case report proves that well controlled orthodontic movement with the patient's cooperation can be a valid alternative treatment, with good and stable outcomes for patients who refuse surgery.

Structure-activity relationship of tacrine and its analogues in relation to inhibitory activity against Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a widespread type of neurodegenerative dementia that mainly affects the elderly. Currently, this disease can only be treated palliatively. Existing drugs can only improve patients' symptoms. The search for new drugs that can effectively treat this disease is an important field of research in medicinal chemistry. Here we report a structure-activity relationship study of tacrine and some of its analogues in relation to their inhibitory activities against Alzheimer's disease. All of the molecular descriptors were calculated at the M062X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Principal component analysis of the molecular descriptors showed that the compounds could be categorized into active and inactive compounds using just two descriptors: the HOMO and LUMO energies. These results should help us to explain the activities of tacrine derivatives and to model new tacrine analogues that are active against Alzheimer's disease. Graphical abstract PCA score plot for tacrine and its analogues.

A satisfação de pacientes em tratamento dialítico com relação aos cuidados do enfermeiro / Dialysis patient satisfaction with nursing care / La satisfacción de pacientes en diálisis en relación con los cuidados del enfermero

Objetivo: analisar a satisfação dos pacientes em tratamento dialítico com relação aos cuidados de enfermagem. Método: estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa de campo, realizado de maio a agosto de 2016, em um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. A amostra foi de 37 pacientes que realizam hemodiálise ou diálise peritoneal no hospital por tempo igual ou superior a três meses, maiores de 18 anos. Utilizou para a coleta de dados o Instrumento de Satisfação do Paciente. Resultados: a média de satisfação geral dos pacientes foi de 3,89 para os três itens: educação, confiança e teórico-prático, sendo que os pacientes da hemodiálise apresentaram a média de satisfação de 3,69 e os pacientes da diálise peritoneal de 4,44. Conclusão: os pacientes em tratamento dialítico do hospital se encontram satisfeitos com os cuidados de enfermagem que lhes são prestados.

Objective: to examine dialysis patient satisfaction with related nursing care. Method: this descriptive study was conducted, on a quantitative field approach, from May to August 2016, at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The sample comprised 37 patients over 18 years old, who had been on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis at the hospital for three months or more. Data were collected using a patient satisfaction questionnaire. Results: overall patient satisfaction was 3.89 for the three items: education, trust, and theoretical and practical skill, with hemodialysis patients returning 3.69 overall satisfaction, and peritoneal dialysis patients, 4.44. Conclusion: patients in peritoneal dialysis at the hospital were satisfied with the nursing care provided.

Objetivo: analizar la satisfacción de los pacientes en tratamiento de diálisis en relación con los cuidados de enfermería. Método: estudio descriptivo, de abordaje cuantitativa de campo, realizado entre mayo y agosto de 2016, en un hospital universitario de Río de Janeiro. La muestra consistió en 37 pacientes en hemodiálisis o diálisis peritoneal en el hospital por tiempo igual o superior a tres meses, mayores de 18 años. Se utiliza, para la recolección de datos, el instrumento de satisfacción del paciente. Resultados: el promedio de satisfacción general de los pacientes fue de 3,89 para los tres ítems: educación, confianza y teórico-práctico. Los pacientes de hemodiálisis presentaron un promedio de satisfacción de 3,69 y los pacientes de diálisis peritoneal de 4,44. Conclusión: los pacientes en tratamiento de diálisis del hospital están satisfechos con la atención de enfermería que se les proporciona.

Prevalência de infecção de trato urinário no primeiro mês pós-transplante renal em um hospital universitário / Prevalence of urinary tract infection in the first month after kidney transplant at a university hospital / Prevalencia de infección del tracto urinario en el primer mes postrasplante renal en un hospital universitario

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência dos casos de infecção de trato urinário (ITU) em pacientes submetidos ao transplante renal durante o primeiro mês após o procedimento e analisar os possíveis fatores explicativos para tal ocorrência. Método: estudo quantitativo de coorte retrospectivo, realizado através da análise dos prontuários e do banco de dados do laboratório de um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados no período entre março e julho de 2016, incluindo 73 pacientes. Os dados coletados compuseram um banco de dados e foram analisados de forma descritiva utilizando-se o software STATA. Foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob o parecer de número: 1.517.614. Resultados: houve maior incidência de ITU em pacientes do sexo feminino e submetidos longos períodos de internação. Conclusão: alto o índice de ITU no primeiro mês após o transplante renal. Ao fim do estudo, foi possível destacar os possíveis fatores relacionados à este índice, como o uso de indução imunossupressora.

Objective: to ascertain the prevalence of cases of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients during the first month after receiving a kidney transplant, and identify possible explanatory factors. Method: this quantitative, retrospective, cohort study examined the records and laboratory database of a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Data on 73 patients were collected from March to July 2016 into a database, and analyzed descriptively using STATA software. The study was approved by the research ethics committee (Opinion 1.517.614). Results: a higher incidence of UTI was found in female patients and in those with longer hospital stays. Conclusion: UTI rates were high in the first month after kidney transplants. At the end of the study, it was possible to highlight factors possibly related to that rate, such as the use of immunosuppressive induction.

Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de los casos de infección del tracto urinario (ITU) en pacientes sometidos a trasplante de riñón durante el primer mes postrasplante y analizar los posibles factores explicativos para dicha ocurrencia. Método: estudio cuantitativo de cohorte retrospectivo, realizado a través del análisis de registros médicos y de banco de datos del laboratorio de un hospital universitario en Río de Janeiro. Los datos fueron recolectados entre marzo y julio de 2016 e incluyeron a 73 pacientes. Los datos recolectados formaron una base de datos y fueron analizados de forma descriptiva, utilizando el software STATA. Fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación bajo el dictamen del número: 1.517.614. Resultados: hubo una mayor incidencia de ITU en pacientes femeninos y sometidos a largos períodos de hospitalización. Conclusión: es alto el índice de ITU en el primer mes postrasplante renal. Al final del estudio, fue posible destacar los posibles factores relacionados con este índice, como el uso de la inducción inmunosupresora.