Ontogeny of the swim bladder of the Plainfin Midshipman, Porichthys notatus (Percomorphacea: Batrachoidiformes).

The batracoidid Plainfin Midshipmen Porichthys notatus Girard has been extensively studied due to the sound production abilities and specializations of its swim bladder. The present study describes three-dimensional variations of the morphology of the swim bladder and sonic muscles of P. notatus during its post-hatch larval development, with the use of three-dimensional computed tomography. This study also includes descriptions of the relative position of the swim bladder to other visceral organs. The swim bladder, digestive tract, and liver were already present in the smallest examined specimens (5.9 mm; newly hatched larvae) along with the yolk sac. In the smallest specimens, the digestive tract is straight, but from 7.1 mm TL, the digestive tract forms the first intestinal loops, and at 25.5 mm TL, a second intestinal loop. In smallest specimens, the swim bladder is oval, but at 7.1 mm TL, the anterior margin starts invaginating, forming a pair of anterior lobes. The first appearance of the intrinsic sonic muscles in swim bladder occurs at 13.1 mm TL. Additionally, we provide comparisons between the shape of the swim bladder of P. notatus and other species. The shape of the swim bladder of P. notatus and other members of Porichthyinae have an ovoid posterior region with two anterior lobes and differs from the cordiform or semiconected/bilobed the swim bladders observed in the other Batrachoididae.

New species of Pyrrhulina (Teleostei: Characiformes: Lebiasinidae) from the eastern Amazon, Pará, Brazil

A new species of Pyrrhulina is described based on 60 specimens from tributaries of the rio Amazonas: rio Anapu, rio Capim, rio Guamá and rio Xingu, and coastal drainages in the state of Pará, Brazil. The new species differs from all congeners by having the primary stripe (the horizontal stripe of dark pigmentation extending posteriorly from the snout) terminating at the distal edge of the opercle. In all other species of Pyrrhulina, the primary stripe is either restricted to the snout or continues beyond the head (i.e. at least the anteriormost four scales of the lateral line series).(AU)

Uma nova espécie de Pyrrhulina é descrita baseada em 60 espécimes dos afluentes do rio Amazonas: rio Anapu, rio Capim, rio Guamá e rio Xingu, e drenagens costeiras no estado do Pará, Brasil. A nova espécie distingue-se de todas as congêneres por ter a faixa primária (faixa horizontal de pigmentação escura que se estende posteriormente do focinho) terminando na borda distal do opérculo. Em todas as outras espécies de Pyrrhulina, a faixa primária é restrita ao focinho ou continua além da cabeça (para incluir pelo menos as quatro escamas anteriores da série da linha lateral).(AU)