Negative Correlation between Placental Growth Factor and Endocan-1 in Women with Preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze endocan-1, a biomarker of vascular endothelial related pathologies, and the placental growth factor (PlGF), an angiogenic factor and a placental dysfunction marker in patients with preeclampsia (PE). METHODS: Case-control study conducted at Hospital São Lucas, in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Endocan-1 and PlGF levels were quantified in the maternal plasma using the MagPlexTH-C microsphere system (MAGPIX System, Luminex, Austin, Texas, US) and evaluated through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted by body mass index (BMI), gestational age and maternal age. To estimate the difference between the groups, the mean ratio (MR) and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. The Pearson correlation test was used to establish any association between endocan-1 and PlGF levels. The null hypothesis was rejected when p < 0.05. RESULTS: The group of patients was composed by normotensive (n = 67) patients and patients with PE (n = 50). A negative correlation between endocan-1 and the PlGF was noted in the entire normotensive group (linear correlation coefficient [r] = -0.605; p < 0.001), as well as in the PE group (r = -0.545; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Endocan-1 levels are increased in patients with PE, and are inversely correlated with PlGF levels. We suggest that it is important to analyze angiogenic and proinflammatory molecules concomitantly in women with PE to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease. Both molecules are strong candidates for PE biomarkers, and future studies will examine any mechanisms connecting these factors in PE.

OBJETIVO: Analisar o endocan-1, um biomarcador de patologias vasculares endoteliais, e o fator de crescimento placentário (FCPl), um fator angiogênico, marcador de disfunção placentária em pacientes com pré-eclâmpsia (PE). MéTODOS: Estudo de caso-controle realizado no Hospital São Lucas, em Porto Alegre. Os níveis de endocan-1 e FCPl foram quantificados no plasma materno usando o sistema de microesferas MagPlexTH-C (MAGPIX System, Luminex, Austin, Texas, US) e analisados por análise de covariância (ANCOVA) e ajustados por índice de massa corporal (IMC), idade gestacional e idade materna. Para calcular a diferença entre os grupos, utilizou-se a razão das médias (RM) e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). O teste de correlação de Pearson foi utilizado para estabelecer a associação entre os níveis de endocan-1 e FCPl. A hipótese nula foi rejeitada quando p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: O grupo de pacientes foi composto por pacientes normotensas (n = 67) e pacientes com PE (n = 50). Uma correlação negativa entre o endocan-1 e o FCPl foi observada em todo o grupo de pacientes normotensas (coeficiente de correlação linear [r] = −0,605; p < 0,001), bem como no grupo com PE (r = −0,545; p < 0,001). CONCLUSãO: Os níveis de endocan-1 estão aumentados em pacientes com PE e inversamente correlacionados com os níveis de FCPl. Sugerimos a importância de analisar moléculas angiogênicas e pró-inflamatórias concomitantemente em mulheres com PE para compreender melhor a fisiopatologia da doença. Ambas as moléculas são fortes candidatos a serem considerados biomarcadores de PE, e trabalhos futuros poderão avaliar quaisquer mecanismos que liguem esses fatores na PE.

Negative correlation between placental growth factor and endocan-1 in women with preeclampsia / Correlação negativa entre fator de crescimento placentário e endocan-1 emmulheres com pré-eclâmpsia

Abstract Objective To analyze endocan-1, a biomarker of vascular endothelial related pathologies, and the placental growth factor (PlGF), an angiogenic factor and a placental dysfunction marker in patients with preeclampsia (PE). Methods Case-control study conducted at Hospital São Lucas, in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Endocan-1 and PlGF levels were quantified in the maternal plasma using the MagPlexTH-C microsphere system (MAGPIX System, Luminex, Austin, Texas, US) and evaluated through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted by body mass index (BMI), gestational age and maternal age. To estimate the difference between the groups, the mean ratio (MR) and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. The Pearson correlation test was used to establish any association between endocan-1 and PlGF levels. The null hypothesis was rejected when p < 0.05. Results The group of patients was composed by normotensive (n = 67) patients and patients with PE (n = 50). A negative correlation between endocan-1 and the PlGF was noted in the entire normotensive group (linear correlation coefficient [r] = -0.605; p < 0.001), as well as in the PE group (r = -0.545; p < 0.001). Conclusion Endocan-1 levels are increased in patients with PE, and are inversely correlated with PlGF levels. We suggest that it is important to analyze angiogenic and proinflammatory molecules concomitantly in women with PE to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease. Both molecules are strong candidates for PE biomarkers, and future studies will examine any mechanisms connecting these factors in PE.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o endocan-1, umbiomarcador de patologias vasculares endoteliais, e o fator de crescimento placentário (FCPl), um fator angiogênico, marcador de disfunção placentária em pacientes com pré-eclâmpsia (PE). Métodos Estudo de caso-controle realizado no Hospital São Lucas, em Porto Alegre. Os níveis de endocan-1 e FCPl foram quantificados no plasma materno usando o sistema de microesferas MagPlexTH-C (MAGPIX System, Luminex, Austin, Texas, US) e analisados por análise de covariância (ANCOVA) e ajustados por índice de massa corporal (IMC), idade gestacional e idade materna. Para calcular a diferença entre os grupos, utilizou-se a razão dasmédias (RM) e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). O teste de correlação de Pearson foi utilizado para estabelecer a associação entre os níveis de endocan-1 e FCPl. A hipótese nula foi rejeitada quando p < 0,05. Resultados O grupo de pacientes foi composto por pacientes normotensas (n = 67) e pacientes com PE (n = 50). Uma correlação negativa entre o endocan-1 e o FCPl foi observada emtodo o grupo de pacientes normotensas (coeficiente de correlação linear [r] = -0,605; p < 0,001), bem como no grupo com PE (r = -0,545; p < 0,001). Conclusão Os níveis de endocan-1 estão aumentados em pacientes com PE e inversamente correlacionados com os níveis de FCPl. Sugerimos a importância de analisar moléculas angiogênicas e pró-inflamatórias concomitantemente em mulheres com PE para compreender melhor a fisiopatologia da doença. Ambas as moléculas são fortes candidatos a serem considerados biomarcadores de PE, e trabalhos futuros poderão avaliar quaisquer mecanismos que liguem esses fatores na PE.

A systematic review of the associations between maternal nutritional biomarkers and depression and/or anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional requirements need to be met in order to adapt to pre- and postnatal changes. Our aim was to systematically review the evidence of associations between nutritional biomarkers and psychological distress during pregnancy and in the first postnatal year. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scielo, LILACS, clinicaltrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for articles from inception to 4/15/2016. Studies of maternal nutritional biomarkers in blood (fatty acids/micronutrients/amino acids) and associations with psychological distress (depression/anxiety/stress) were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data based on study designs, participants, outcomes, exposures, and association measures. RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies were included. A total of 13 studies showed divergent or no associations between serum/plasma/erythrocyte fatty acid concentrations and depression/anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum. Changes in serum cholesterol levels from pregnancy to postpartum showed a significant inverse correlation with depression in one out of three studies. Five out of seven studies found an inverse association between serum vitamin D levels and pre- and postnatal depression. Plasma tryptophan levels were inversely correlated with postnatal depression scores in three out of four studies. We identified that one out of two studies presented no significant association between vitamin B12/folate/ferritin concentrations and depression in postpartum. LIMITATIONS: There was higher variability between association measures, time and scales of depression and anxiety assessments. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of high-quality studies suggest that lower vitamin D levels may be associated with postpartum depression. However, further evidence is needed for guiding clinical practice on nutritional biomarkers.

Serum nitrate and NOx levels in preeclampsia are higher than in normal pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES: To compare nitric oxide (NO) serum levels in women with and without preeclampsia. METHODS: 106 women were classified into preeclampsia group (n = 40) and normotensive group (n = 66). NO content was measured in the serum. Clinical and laboratorial data were recorded for comparison. RESULTS: Preeclampsia presented a significant increase in nitrate and NOx levels compared to the control group. Uric acid, gestational age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and creatinine showed correlation with nitrates and NOx. CONCLUSION: Increase of NO was observed in preeclampsia women. Failure in the mechanism of action, dependent on cyclic GMP, may justify this finding.

Anticoagulação na gestação e o momento do parto: como proceder / Anticoagulation in pregnancy and birth time: how to proceed

Durante a gestação, existe um risco aumentado de ocorrência de eventos tromboembólicos. Certas condições clínicas potencializam este risco e requerem manejo tromboprofilático adequado. O uso de anticoagulantes na gestação torna-se um desafio pois, além da atenção ao binômio materno-fetal, devemos estar alertas ao momento do parto, evento de ocorrência inesperada, e com grande potencial hemorrágico e, paradoxalmente, trombogênico. Este capítulo objetiva sumarizar as principais condições para uso de anticoagulação na gestação, bem como as terapias mais seguras e adequadas e o manejo das mesmas no momento do parto.

During the pregnancy, there is an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Some clinical conditions increase this risk and require appropriate thromboprophylactic management. The use of anticoagulants during pregnancy becomes a challenge because, in addition to attention to both mother and fetus, we should be alert to the moment of birth, an unexpected event, with high hemorrhagic potential and, paradoxically, thrombogenic. This chapter aims to summarize the main conditions for use of anticoagulation during the pregnancy, as well as the safest and most appropriate therapy and administration of them at birth.