[A painful collapse: the flat foot management]. / Un effondrement douloureux : la prise en charge du pied plat.

Flatfoot is a progressive deformity with a collapse of the foot. Its therapeutic approach has undergone a conceptual shift. Initially focused on posterior tibial tendon insufficiency, it is now defined by a sum of anatomical alterations resulting in a three-dimensional deformity. If the deformity is symptomatic, we look for hindfoot valgus, forefoot abduction and varus, as well as valgus ankle instability. The clinical rigidity of the deformities and the weight-bearing radiological examinations help guide treatment. Although plantar supports and rigid orthoses are sufficient for mild cases, surgical treatment using bone, ligament, tendon or even prosthetics procedures are the final stage of management for severe cases.

Le pied plat est une déformation progressive avec un effondrement du pied. Son approche a fait l'objet d'un changement de concept. Initialement centré sur l'insuffisance du tendon tibial postérieur, il est maintenant défini par une somme d'altérations anatomiques engendrant une déformation tridimensionnelle. Si celle-ci est symptomatique, on recherche le valgus d'arrière-pied, l'abduction et le varus d'avant-pied ainsi que l'instabilité de cheville en valgus. La rigidité clinique des déformations et les examens radiologiques en charge permettent de guider le traitement. Bien que des supports plantaires ou des orthèses plus rigides soient suffisants pour les cas légers, un traitement chirurgical par procédures osseuses, ligamentaires, tendineuses, voire prothétiques est le stade final de la prise en charge pour les cas sévères.

Cohort Comparison of Radiographic Correction and Complications Between Minimal Invasive and Open Lapidus Procedures for Hallux Valgus.

BACKGROUND: The Lapidus procedure corrects hallux valgus first ray deformity. First tarsometatarsal (TMT) fusion in patients with hallux valgus deformity using minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a new technique, but comparative outcomes between MIS and open techniques have not been reported. This study compares the early radiographic results and complications of the MIS with the open procedure in a single-surgeon practice. METHODS: 47 MIS patients were compared with 44 open patients. Radiographic measures compared preoperatively and postoperatively were the intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA), foot width (FW), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), sesamoid station (SS), metatarsus adductus angle (MAA), first metatarsal to second metatarsal length, and elevation of the first metatarsal. Early complications were recorded, as well as repeat surgeries. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 82 (range, 31-182) months for the open group and 29 (range, 14-47) months for the MIS group. In both techniques, postoperative measures (IMA, HVA, DMAA, FW, and sesamoid station) were significantly improved from preoperative measures. When comparing postoperative measures between both groups, the IMA was significantly lower in the open group (4.8 ± 3.6 degrees vs 6.4 ± 3.2 degrees, P < .05). Differential between pre- and postoperative measures for both techniques were compared, and the open group was associated with more correction than the MIS group for IMA (12.4 ± 5.3 degrees vs 9.4 ± 4.4 degrees, P = .004) and HVA (25.5 ± 8.3 degrees vs 20 ± 9.9 degrees, P = .005). Wound complication and nonunion rates trended higher in the open group (4 vs 0) (P = .051). CONCLUSION: Both techniques resulted in good to excellent correction. However, the open technique was associated with lower postoperative IMA values and more correction power for IMA and HVA, than the MIS.

[Management of ankle osteoarthritis in the young adult]. / Arthrose de la cheville : pourquoi si jeune, et quelle option thérapeutique ?

Ankle osteoarthritis often presents in patients with a history of lower leg trauma. Hence, they are young with sportive demands and in the active labor phase, treatment must be adapted. Non-surgical treatment is based on corrective orthotics, supportive shoes, and intraarticular hyaluronic acid injections. Joint preserving surgery (JPS) represents a valid alternative to the traditional ankle fusion. JPS may restore normal biomechanics of the ankle joint, resulting in substantial postoperative pain relief, functional improvement, and slowing of the degeneration process. Overall, JPS defers the need for secondary surgeries in most of these young patients, making these patients suitable candidates for joint motion-preserving surgery, as is the case of ankle arthroplasty.

L'arthrose de la cheville survient souvent chez les patients avec des antécédents de traumatisme de cheville. Parce que ces patients sont jeunes avec une haute demande fonctionnelle, le traitement doit être adapté. Le traitement conservateur est basé sur des orthèses correctrices, des chaussures de soutien et des infiltrations d'acide hyaluronique. La chirurgie conservatrice de la cheville représente une alternative au traitement traditionnellement proposé, soit l'arthrodèse de cheville. Elle peut améliorer la biomécanique articulaire, ralentir la dégénérescence et soulager substantiellement les douleurs. Elle permet également de retarder le besoin de chirurgies secondaires, et préserve la possiblité de bénéficier d'une chirurgie conservant la mobilité de la cheville ou d'une arthroplastie totale de cheville.

Operatively treated ankle fractures in Switzerland, 2002-2012: epidemiology and associations between baseline characteristics and fracture types.

BACKGROUND: Ankle fractures are common, and their incidence has been increasing. Previous epidemiological studies have been conducted in the US, Scandinavia, and Scotland. Our objectives were to provide a current epidemiological overview of operatively treated ankle fractures and to evaluate the influence of age, sex, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities on fracture types. METHODS: We performed a population-based epidemiological study of all ankle fractures treated operatively in a 10- year period from 2002 to 2012. RESULTS: Two thousand forty-five ankle fractures were operated upon. Men and women differed significantly in age (median 41 vs. 57 years old), obesity (16% vs. 23%), diabetes (5% vs. 10%), smoking (45% vs. 24%), and accident type (daily activities 48% vs. 79%, transportation 24% vs. 9%, sports 21% vs. 8%) respectively. Overall, there were 2% Weber A, 77% Weber B, and 21% Weber C fractures; 54% were uni-, 25% bi-, and 21% trimalleolar; 7.5% of all fractures were open. Weber C fractures were much more frequent among men and with higher BMI (lowest vs. highest category: 14% vs. 32%), but slightly less frequent with older age and among current smokers. Trimalleolar fractures were twice as frequent in women and increased with age. CONCLUSION: Men and women differed substantially in age, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, accident type, and type of ankle fracture. Male sex and higher BMI were more frequently associated with Weber C fractures, whereas female sex and older age were associated with trimalleolar fracture. The risk for severe fracture increased linearly with the degree of obesity.

Development and psychometric performance of the French language version of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ).

BACKGROUND: The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) is a 16-item patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) validated for use in patients with foot and ankle pathologies. It contains three sub-scores for pain, walking/standing and social interaction dimensions. The aim of this study was to develop a French language version of the MOXFQ and to assess its psychometric properties in patients affected by foot and ankle pathologies. METHODS: According to guidelines, forward and backward independent translations were performed. The final French version was pre-tested in 45 patients. The French MOXFQ and the Short-form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were filled in by 149 patients. A retest was performed in 39 patients. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Construct validity was assessed by factor analysis, and through correlations of MOXFQ scales with SF-36 scales. RESULTS: Internal consistency coefficients were high with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.79 and 0.94. Test-retest ICCs were between 0.74 and 0.93. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. The correlations between French MOXFQ and French SF-36 subscales were moderate ranging from -0.33 to -0.71. CONCLUSIONS: The French translation of the MOXFQ revealed good psychometric properties. Our French version proved to be a reliable instrument which can be used for evaluation of patients with foot and ankle disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

[Total ankle arthroplasty†: update]. / La prothèse totale de cheville†: mise au point.

Total ankle prosthesis is increasingly recognized in the management of severe osteoarthritis and has established itself as a valid alternative to arthrodesis. However, this procedure remains delicate, indications must be targeted, and the complex surgical technique requires specific expertise from the surgeon. In recent years, ankle arthroplasty has undergone a major expansion, with improvements in design and surgical techniques. New technologies have also emerged, offering tailor-made planning and instrumentation possibilities. The influence of these techniques on long-term results has yet to be demonstrated, but benefits such as reduced operating time and improved surgical accuracy are interesting. The purpose of this article is to provide an update on ankle prosthesis in the treatment of ankle osteoarthritis.

La prothèse totale de cheville est de plus en plus reconnue dans la prise en charge de l'arthrose et s'est imposée comme une alternative à l'arthrodèse. Cependant, cette chirurgie reste délicate, les indications doivent être ciblées et la technique chirurgicale exige une expertise du chirurgien. Au cours des dernières années, la prothétique de cheville a connu un essor important et les nouvelles technologies ont fait leur apparition offrant des possibilités de planification et d'instrumentation sur mesure. L'influence de ces techniques sur les résultats au long terme reste à démontrer mais les avantages, comme la diminution du temps opératoire et l'amélioration de la précision chirurgicale, sont intéressants. Le but de cet article est de faire une mise au point sur la prothèse de cheville dans le traitement de l'arthrose de cheville.

A case report depicting patient's installation on the fracture table when an ankle spanning external fixator is already in place.

BACKGROUND: Fractures of the proximal and diaphyseal femur are frequently internally fixed using a fracture table. Moreover, some femoral neck fractures may be treated with total hip arthroplasty using a direct anterior approach and a traction table. Fracture and traction tables both use a boot tightly fitted to the patient's foot in order to: 1) obtain fracture reduction by traction and adequate rotation exerted on the slightly abducted or adducted extremity; or 2) adequately expose the hip joint using traction, rotation and extension to implant total hip arthroplasty components. In some instances, multiply injured patients may present with both a proximal or diaphyseal femur fracture and a diaphyseal or distal tibia or ankle fracture necessitating an ankle spanning external fixator on the same limb. Frequently, the tibia or ankle fracture has to be treated first, and standard use of the fracture or traction table may be thereafter difficult due to the external fixator construct preventing tight fitting of the boot to the patient's foot. CASE PRESENTATION: In order to address this situation, the authors describe a simple technique allowing rigid fixation of the limb with an ankle spanning external fixator to the traction or fracture table, providing accurate control of the position of the lower limb in all planes for adequate fracture reduction and fixation or total hip arthroplasty. The technique is exemplified with a clinical case. CONCLUSIONS: This technique allows an efficient way to: 1) timely stabilize diaphyseal or distal tibia or ankle fractures; and 2) subsequently use all the advantages of a fracture or traction table to adequately reduce and fix proximal or diaphyseal femur fractures, or optimally expose femoral neck fractures for total hip arthroplasty using a direct anterior approach.

[Does total knee arthroplasty meet patient's expectations ?] / La prothèse totale du genou répond-elle aux attentes des patients ?

Total knee arthroplasty has grown considerably over the past decade, due to the aging of the population, the increase in the prevalence of obesity, and an increasing demand. The 10-year revision rate is less than 5%. Functional outcomes, assessed by range of motion measures and functional scores, were significantly improved with the advent of more reliable and less invasive surgical techniques, better management of postoperative pain, and early high-intensity rehabilitation protocols. However, 20% of patients say they are dissatisfied with their knee replacement, either because of the persistence of pain, or because their function does not match their preoperative expectations. Improved preoperative communication between patient and surgeon is essential to match patients' expectations to realistic treatment outcomes.

L'arthroplastie du genou connaît un essor considérable en raison du vieillissement de la population, de l'augmentation de la prévalence de l'obésité et de l'augmentation de la demande. Le taux de reprise à 10 ans est inférieur à 5 %. Les résultats fonctionnels ont été incontestablement améliorés grâce à des techniques chirurgicales plus fiables et moins invasives, à une meilleure gestion de la douleur postopératoire, et à l'instauration d'une physiothérapie intense et précoce. Cependant, 20 % des patients se disent insatisfaits après prothèse totale du genou, soit en raison de la persistance de douleurs, soit en raison d'une fonction qui ne correspond pas à leurs attentes. L'adéquation des attentes, évaluées lors de la consultation préopératoire, avec un niveau de performance réaliste apparaît comme un gage de satisfaction postopératoire.

[Fractures of the distal humerus in the elderly : osteosynthesis or elbow arthoplasty ?] / Fractures de l'humérus distal chez la personne âgée : ostéosynthèse ou prothèse de coude ?

With an aging population, distal humerus fractures are becoming an emerging problem. Whereas open reduction and internal fixation has been the treatment of choice, results have not been as conclusive in elderly patients. Over two thirds of the cases in this population present with a highly comminuted articular fracture and poor bone stock, jeopardizing the quality and stability of the construct. Total elbow arthroplasty has gained popularity in the treatment of such fractures, and has shown higher results in terms of pain, function, and patient satisfaction. Nevertheless, it also has a high complication rate, such as infection, ulnar neuropathy and loosening, that should be discussed with patients before surgery. The aim of this article was thus to review the different treatment options and propose a treatment algorithm.

Face à une population vieillissante, les fractures de l'humérus distal deviennent un problème en émergence. Si l'ostéosynthèse est le traitement de choix dans ce type de fracture, les résultats ne sont pas aussi satisfaisants chez les personnes âgées qui présentent dans deux tiers des cas une fracture articulaire complexe avec un capital osseux limité, compromettant la qualité du montage. En revanche, la prothèse totale de coude a montré des meilleurs résultats en termes de douleurs, fonction et satisfaction du patient. Cependant, un taux de complications non négligeable, telles qu'infections, neuropathies ulnaires, descellements doivent être discutées avec le patient lors de l'indication opératoire. Le but de cet article est donc de mettre en perspective les différents types de traitement et de proposer un algorithme de prise en charge.