Community Activities in Primary Care: A Literature Review.

Community health promotion activities are a useful tool for a proactive approach to healthy lifestyles. However, the implementation of these types of activities at health centers is not standardized. The aim of this review was to analyse the characteristics of community activities undertaken in the primary care setting and substantiate available evidence on their health impact. We conducted a bibliographic review until November 15th, 2023 in the TRIPDATABASE, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and DIALNET databases. We included original papers on interventions, community activities, and actions and/or social prescriptions which had been implemented in a Primary Care setting, included a group approach in at least one session, and described some type of evaluation of the intervention applied. Studies targeted at professionals and those without involvement of the primary care team were excluded. The search identified 1912 potential studies. We included a total of 30 studies, comprising 11 randomized clinical trials, 14 quasi-experimental studies, 1 cohort study, and 4 qualitative studies. The issues most frequently addressed in community activities were healthy habits, physical activity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Community activities can improve the physical and psychological environment of their participants, as well as their level of knowledge about the issues addressed. That said, however, implementation of these types of interventions is not uniform. The existence of a professional community-activity liaison officer at health centers, who would help integrate the health system with the community sector, could serve to standardize implementation and maximize the health impact of these types of interventions.

Confianza y actitud tras un diagnóstico negativo de alergia a fármacos betalactámicos y/o AINE / Trust and attitude after a negative diagnosis for allergy to betalactam drugs and/or NSAIDs

Objetivo: determinar el grado de confianza en el diagnóstico de exclusión de alergia en pacientes con sospecha de hipersensibilidad a antibióticos betalactámicos y/o AINE. Adicionalmente se pretendía describir la actitud del paciente hacia la toma futura del fármaco que motivó el estudio.Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se seleccionaron 103 pacientes mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos y con un resultado negativo en las pruebas diagnósticas de alergia a betalactámicos y/o AINE. Los participantes fueron evaluados mediante un cuestionario heteroadministrado en la práctica clínica habitual de alergología.Resultados: el grado de confianza hacia la etiqueta previa de alergia fue moderado para antibióticos betalactámicos (6,4/10) y para AINE (6,1/10), elevado hacia el diagnóstico negativo de alergia (betalactámicos: 7,5/10; AINE: 7,9/10), y moderado con relación a la futura toma del fármaco estudiado, tras un diagnóstico negativo de alergia (betalactámicos: 6,7/10; AINE: 6,3/10). El grado de confianza hacia el diagnóstico de exclusión de alergia a betalactámicos o AINE aumenta con relación al conferido previamente por el de sospecha, en ambos fármacos (p= 0,01).Conclusiones: el grado de confianza de los pacientes en el diagnóstico de exclusión de alergia a fármacos betalactámicos y/o AINE es elevado. Sin embargo, la confianza para la toma futura del fármaco que motivó el estudio, tras un diagnóstico negativo de alergia, se reduce a moderada. Los profesionales de la salud deben proporcionar una educación sanitaria efectiva que resuelva las inseguridades hacia la realización de la prueba y refuerce la confianza del paciente para la toma futura del fármaco.(AU)

Objective: to determine the level of trust in the diagnosis excluding allergy in patients with suspected hypersensitivity to betalactam antibiotics and/or NSAIDs. Additionally, it was intended to describe the attitude of patients towards taking in the future the drug which motivated the study.Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted; 103 >18-year old patients were selected, of both genders and with a negative result in diagnostic tests for betalactam drugs and/or NSAIDs. Participants were evaluated through a heteroadministered questionnaire at their usual Allergology clinical practice.Results: the level of trust towards the previous allergy label was moderate for betalactam antibiotics (6.4/10) and for NSAIDs (6.1/10), high towards the negative diagnosis for allergy (betalactam drugs: 7.5/10; NSAIDs: 7.9/10), and moderate regarding taking in the future the drug under study, after a negative diagnosis for allergy (betalactam drugs: 6.7/10; NSAIDs: 6.3/10). The degree of trust towards the diagnosis excluding allergy to betalactam drugs or NSAIDs increased regarding the previous degree for suspected allergy, in both drugs (p= 0.01).Conclusions: there is a high degree of trust in patients regarding their diagnosis excluding allergy to betalactam drugs and/or NSAIDs. However, trust regarding taking in the future the drug which motivated the study, after a negative diagnosis of allergy, was reduced to moderate. Health professionals must provide effective health education that solves uncertainties in terms of conducting the test and reinforces trust by patients for taking the drug in the future.(AU)

Attitudes and Intentions toward COVID-19 Vaccination among Spanish Adults: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is postulated as the most effective measure to control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the use of other protection measures is necessary to efficiently combat the spread of the virus. The aim of the present study was to determine the attitudes and intentions toward COVID-19 vaccination among non-regular social media users in Spain and to analyze how these factors could condition the acceptance of other personal protective measures once an individual has received the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional design was used in this work. In total, 719 subjects, ≥18 years old and of both sexes, were recruited from primary public healthcare centers to self-complete a questionnaire between March and April 2021. The majority of participants had a positive attitude toward vaccination and showed high levels of intention to be vaccinated. Likewise, except those participants who considered the vaccine to be the most effective measure to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, the rest of the participants highlighted the importance of continuing to limit social interactions and/or wearing masks even after being vaccinated. Since vaccination can create a perception of total immunity against SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary that healthcare staff organize effective awareness campaigns on the importance of maintaining personal protective measures until vaccination coverage is greater.