Trend of intestinal infectious diseases recorded at a tertiary care hospital in India: an ICD-10 analysis.

The World Health Organization identifies the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries as infectious and communicable diseases. Health records coded uniformly using ICD-10 can form an accurate database and conclusions drawn from this are extremely important for understanding the public health situation.The aim of this study is to analyse the trend of intestinal infectious diseases recorded at a tertiary care hospital in India.A retrospective disease index study was conducted on data comprising 5317 cases from 2012 to 2016 for intestinal infectious diseases, analysed with ICD-10.Of these, 5.5% were from the age group 0-5 years; 57.66% were male; and 85% deaths in this cohort (62/73) were due to diarrhoea and gastroenteritis of presumed infectious origin.The findings of this study highlight an urgent need for health education among the population regarding infectious intestinal diseases and to redesign health promotion and preventive strategies for addressing these problems.

Correlation between masseter muscle activity and maximum bite force among various facial divergence pattern / Correlación entre la actividad muscular masetera y la fuerza máxima de mordida entre varios patrones de divergencia facial

Objective: To comparatively assess electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter muscle and maximum bite force among various facial divergence pattern. To compare bilateral variation therefore derive the clinical importance changes in masseter EMG activity. Materials and Methods: The sample size comprised of 90 subjects, age ranging from 16-25 years. They were further classified under three subgroups-normodivergent, hypodivergent and hyperdivergennt based on the cephalometric values. Tekscan Flexiforce B201H sensor along with the associated software was used to record the bite force. The EMG of the superficial masseter muscle was recorded using Biotech Neurocare 2000 surface electromyography machine. The muscle activity was recorded bilaterally from the superficial masseter. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using ROC curve at p<0.05. Results: The bite force of the Hypodivergent group (571.83N±36.65) was more than the Normodivergent (387.26±27.20) and Hyperdivergent groups (373.21N±29.23). The EMG recording of masseter muscle activity in Hypodivergent group was significantly higher than Normodivergent and Hyperdivergent groups. (p-value= <0.01). A significant correlation existed between masseter activity and bite force. Conclusion: The bite force of Hypodivergent jaw base individuals is highest followed by Normodivergent and least in Hyperdivergent individuals.The strong correlation between the muscular activity and the bite force is definitely a contributor to the anchorage value during treatment by fixed Orthodontics.

Objetivo: evaluar comparativamente la actividad electromiográfica (EMG) del músculo masetero y la fuerza de mordida máxima entre varios patrones de divergencia facial. Para comparar la variación bilateral, por lo tanto, derive la importancia clínica de los cambios en la actividad EMG del masetero. Materiales y métodos: El tamaño de la muestra comprende 90 sujetos, con edades comprendidas entre 16 y 25 años. Además, se clasificaron en tres subgrupos: normodivergente, hipodivergente e hiperdivergénico según los valores cefalométricos. Se usó el sensor Tekscan Flexiforce B201H junto con el software asociado para registrar la fuerza de mordida. La EMG del músculo masetero superficial se registró utilizando la máquina de electromiografía de superficie Biotech Neurocare 2000. La actividad muscular se registró bilateralmente a partir del masetero superficial. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron estadísticamente utilizando la curva ROC a p<0,05. Resultados: la fuerza de mordida del grupo hipodivergente (571.83N±36.65) fue mayor que la de los grupos normodivergentes (387.26±27.20) y los hiperdivergentes (373.21N±29.23). El registro EMG de la actividad muscular masetera en el grupo hipodivergente fue significativamente más alto que en los grupos normodivergente e hiperdivergente. (valor de p=<0.01). Existía una correlación significativa entre la actividad del masetero y la fuerza de mordida. Conclusión: la fuerza de mordedura de los individuos hipodivergentes de la mandíbula es más alta seguida por la de Normodivergent y menos en los individuos hiperdivergentes. La fuerte correlación entre la actividad muscular y la fuerza de mordedura definitivamente contribuye al valor de anclaje durante el tratamiento con ortodoncia fija.