Combined dynamic studies of the bladder and urethra. Report of a method.

The authors report a method of complex urodynamic investigation. The intravesical pressure, the intrarectal pressure, the electronically computed detrusor pressure, the urinary flow and the electromyography of the anal and urethral striated sphincters are recorded simultaneously with the fluoroscopic image on 16 mm film using the kinescopic procedure. The intravesical pressure is measured per urethram. The routine examination method is described. The authors consider that the use of 16 mm film has advantages in comparison to videotape recordings. The installation was made out of existing materials except for the electronic mixing device, which was created in the research laboratory. Radiation dosis measurements show that even by extensive examination the received radiation dosis does not exceed the exposure of a standard voiding cystourethrogram.

Less radiation, better images.

It is explained in this paper that the use of fast film-screen combinations, despite their greater intrinsic unsharpness, can lead to much better image quality in the case of involuntary movements of the organs to be visualized. It is also demonstrated that in such cases the use of a large focus with high ratings can be preferable. Also discussed is the possible value of the modern intensifying screens, in which compounds of the group of the so-called 'rare earths' are contained in the luminescent layer.