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1.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 69(2): 154-8, 2008 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18755121

RESUMO

PURPOSE: to compare the economic cost of the diagnostic and therapeutic process of the community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in primary care in two periods (1999 and 2004-05). During the second period they were adapted to the recommendations of three clinical practice guidelines (CPG) on diagnosis and treatment of the pneumonia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 57 episodes of CAP in 1999 and 95 in 2004-05. The cost per episode in each period is estimated. RESULTS: The total cost of the diagnostic and therapeutic process in dropped in 2004-05 compared to 1999: 46.59 euros compared to 71.66 euros (p < 0.05). Six children were referred to the hospital in 1999 compared to 13 in 2004-05, there were no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the recommendations of the GPC produced a decrease in the cost of the diagnostic and therapeutic process of CAP without involving a decrease in rate of resolution of the disease.


Assuntos
Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/economia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/economia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Humanos , Lactente
2.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 69(2): 154-158, ago. 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-67572

RESUMO

Introducción: Se comparó el coste económico del proceso diagnóstico-terapéutico de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en atención primaria en dos períodos (1999 y 2004-2005). Durante el segundo período se adaptaron las recomendaciones de tres guías de práctica clínica (GPC) sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la NAC. Pacientes y métodos: Se contabilizaron 57 episodios de NAC en 1999 y 95 en 2004-2005. Se estimó el coste por episodio en cada período. Resultados: Se redujo el coste total del proceso diagnóstico-terapéutico en 2004-2005 respecto a 1999: 46,59 euros frente a 71,66 euros (p < 0,05). Seis niños fueron derivados al hospital en 1999 frente a 13 en 2004-2005, sin que existiesen diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: El cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de las GPC produjo una disminución del coste del proceso diagnóstico-terapéutico de la NAC sin que ello implicara un empeoramiento del porcentaje de resolución de la enfermedad


Introduction: Purpose: to compare the economic cost of the diagnostic and therapeutic process of the community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in primary care in two periods (1999 and 2004-05). During the second period they were adapted to the recommendations of three clinical practice guidelines (CPG) on diagnosis and treatment of the pneumonia. Patients and methods: There were 57 episodes of CAP in 1999 and 95 in 2004-05. The cost per episode in each period is estimated. Results: The total cost of the diagnostic and therapeutic process in dropped in 2004-05 compared to 1999: 46.59 euros compared to 71.66 euros (p < 0.05). Six children were referred to the hospital in 1999 compared to 13 in 2004-05, there were no significant differences. Conclusions: Adherence to the recommendations of the GPC produced a decrease in the cost of the diagnostic and therapeutic process of CAP without involving a decrease in rate of resolution of the disease


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Pneumonia/economia , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Alocação de Custos/métodos , Custos e Análise de Custo/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/complicações , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 10(37): 67-80, ene.-mar. 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68402

RESUMO

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia acumulada de asma y asma activo en nuestro medio mediante diagnóstico médico y construir un índice predictivo de utilización de los servicios hospitalarios por crisis aguda de asma. Material y métodos: estudio transversal efectuado en un centro de Atención Primaria que atiende a 2.300 niños menores de 15 años. Se determinó la prevalencia acumulada de asma. Los niños que presentaron síntomas en los 12 meses previos se consideraron como asma activo. Mediante análisis de regresión logística se construyó un modelo predictivo de utilización de los servicios hospitalarios. Resultados: fueron diagnosticados de asma 195 niños (8,5%; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 7,4-9,7%), cifra que corresponde a la prevalencia acumulada. Presentaron asma activo 91 (46,7%; IC 95%: 39,5-53,9%). Consultaron en urgencias del hospital de referencia 48 (24,6%; IC 95%: 18,7-31,3%). Doce (6,2%; IC 95%: 3,2-10,5%) fueron ingresados. En el análisis multivariante, la edad (odds ratio [OR]: 0,85 [IC 95%]: 0,74-0,99), el asma activo (OR: 5,7 [IC 95%]: 1,5-21,6) y el nivel de gravedad (OR: 3,6 (IC 95%: 1,3-10,6) mostraron asociación significativa con la utilización de servicios hospitalarios. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de asma en nuestro medio está situada en un rango intermedio en comparación a otros estudios. El asma activo está fuertemente asociado a un mayor uso de servicios hospitalarios, por lo que es necesario reconsiderar el tratamiento de este subgrupo de pacientes. Es necesario la realización de un gran estudio multicéntrico, emplazado en Atención Primaria, que permita elaborar un modelo predictivo de utilización de los servicios hospitalarios en España


Objective: to asses the cumulative prevalence of asthma and of active asthma in our setting using the clinical diagnosis, and to build a predictive index of utilization of hospital services by acute crisis of asthma. Material and methods: cross sectional study in a Primary Care setting attending 2,300 children less than 15 years of age. Cumulative prevalence of asthma was measured. Children presenting with symptoms in the previous 12 months were considered as having active asthma. A predictive model of utilization of hospital services was build using logistic regression analysis. Results: 195 children were diagnosed of asthma (8.5%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 7.4-9.7%), figure that corresponds to the cumulative prevalence. Ninety one presented active asthma (46.7%; CI 95%: 39.5-53.9%). Forty eight visited the emergency department of the reference hospital (24.6%; CI 95%: 18.7-31.3%). Twelve (6.2%; CI 95%: 3.2-10.5%) were admitted. In the multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.85 [CI 95%]: 0.74-0.99), active asthma (OR: 5.7 [CI 95%]: 1.5-21.6) and level of severity (OR: 3.6 (CI 95%: 1.3-10.6) were significantly associated to utilization of hospital services. Conclusions: the asthma prevalence in our setting is situated in an intermediate range compared to other studies. The active asthma is strongly associated to a higher use of hospital services, so it is necessary to reconsider the treatment in this subgroup of patients. It is necessary to implement a big multicentric study, in Primary Care, in order to build a predictive model of utilization of the hospital services in Sp


Assuntos
Humanos , Asma/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/tendências
4.
Aten Primaria ; 37(3): 127-31; discussion 131-2, 2006 Feb 28.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16527129

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine if recurrent community acquired pneumonia (RP) is a risk factor for developing childhood asthma (CA), compared with those children who only suffer one episode of pneumonia or non-recurrent pneumonia (NRP). To determine if patients with CA are more disposed to suffer RP. DESIGN: Historical cohort study. SETTING: Primary care. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 80 episodes of pneumonia identified in 65 infants between the 1st of February 1996 and 30th June 1999. PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS: The relative risk (RR) and confidence interval (95% CI) of childhood asthma in the presence of recurrent pneumonia as compared to non-recurrent pneumonia, and the RR of recurrent pneumonia in the presence of childhood asthma. RESULTS: Of the 65 children included, 18 had RP (27.7%; 95% CI, 16.8-38.6). The prevalence of CA was 49.2% (32 children) (95% CI, 37.1-61.4). The diagnosis of CA at any time was higher in children with RP (RR=4.1; 95% CI, 1.9-8.9). There were no differences between the incidence of RP and NRP in children previously diagnosed with CA (RR=1.28; 95% CI, 0.5-3.0). CONCLUSIONS: A special follow-up needs to be carried out on all children diagnosed with RP in primary care, since the possibility of presenting with CA is higher in these cases.


Assuntos
Asma/etiologia , Pneumonia/complicações , Adolescente , Asma/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/complicações , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Recidiva , Risco , Fatores de Risco
5.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 37(3): 127-130, feb. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-045809

RESUMO

Objetivo. Determinar si la neumonía recurrente adquirida en la comunidad (NR) constituye un factor de riesgo para desarrollar asma infantil (AI), comparado con los niños que padecen un sólo un episodio de neumonía o neumonía no recurrente (NNR). Determinar si los pacientes con AI están más predispuestos a padecer NR. Diseño. Estudio de cohortes históricas. Emplazamiento. Atención primaria. Participantes. Un total de 80 episodios de neumonía identificados en 65 niños entre el 1 de enero de 1996 y el 30 de junio de 1999. Mediciones principales. Riesgo relativo (RR) y su intervalo de confianza (IC del 95%) de asma infantil en presencia de neumonía recurrente frente a neumonía no recurrente, y RR de neumonía recurrente en presencia de asma infantil. Resultados. De 65 niños incluidos, 18 niños presentaron NR (27,7%; IC del 95%, 16,8-38,6). La prevalencia de AI fue del 49,2% (32 niños) (IC del 95%, 37,1-61,4). El diagnóstico en algún momento de AI fue superior en niños con NR (RR = 4,1; IC del 95%, 1,9-8,9). No hubo diferencias entre la incidencia de NR y NNR en niños previamente diagnosticados de AI (RR = 1,28; IC del 95%, 0,5-3). Conclusiones. Es necesario realizar un seguimiento especial a todo niño diagnosticado de NR en atención primaria, ya que las posibilidades de presentar AI en el futuro son mayores en estos casos


Objective. To determine if recurrent community acquired pneumonia (RP) is a risk factor for developing childhood asthma (CA), compared with those children who only suffer one episode of pneumonia or non-recurrent pneumonia (NRP). To determine if patients with CA are more disposed to suffer RP. Design. Historical cohort study. Setting. Primary care. Participants. A total of 80 episodes of pneumonia identified in 65 infants between the 1st of February 1996 and 30th June 1999. Principal measurements. The relative risk (RR) and confidence interval (95% CI) of childhood asthma in the presence of recurrent pneumonia as compared to non-recurrent pneumonia, and the RR of recurrent pneumonia in the presence of childhood asthma. Results. Of the 65 children included, 18 had RP (27.7%; 95% CI, 16.8-38.6). The prevalence of CA was 49.2% (32 children) (95% CI, 37.1-61.4). The diagnosis of CA at any time was higher in children with RP (RR=4.1; 95% CI, 1.9-8.9). There were no differences between the incidence of RP and NRP in children previously diagnosed with CA (RR=1.28; 95% CI, 0.5-3.0). Conclusions. A special follow-up needs to be carried out on all children diagnosed with RP in primary care, since the possibility of presenting with CA is higher in these cases


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Humanos , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Asma/epidemiologia , Asma/etiologia , Pneumonia/complicações , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco
6.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 7(26): 193-202, abr.-jun. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-041906

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: 1. Determinar la prevalencia de las consultas sin cita ¿consultasfuera de agenda (CFA)? en nuestro medio. 2. Determinar el porcentaje de justificaciónde dichas consultas y los factores asociados a un motivo de consulta injustificado.Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en dos consultas de pediatríade un centro de salud.Participantes: 392 niños de 0-15 años que acudieron sin cita, recogidos mediantemuestreo consecutivo entre el 7 de marzo y el 15 de septiembre de 2003. Mediciones principales:prevalencia de CFA, porcentaje de CFA injustificadas, factores que se asocian a dichainjustificación. Estadística: t de Student-Fisher, prueba de X2, regresión logística con estimaciónde Odds Ratio (OR) y sus IC 95% (IC 95%).Resultados: prevalencia de CFA: 23% (IC 95%: 21%-25%). El 52,8% de los niños eranmenores de cinco años. El 73% (IC 95%: 68,6%-77,4%) de las consultas se consideraronsubjetivas. La subjetividad se asoció al sexo femenino (OR: 1,62; IC 95%: 1,02-2,56) y auna edad inferior a 5 años (OR: 1,9; IC 95%: 1,2-2,9).Conclusiones: la prevalencia de CFA es superior a la constatada por otros autores. Factorestales como la corta edad de la mayoría de los pacientes atendidos y la excelente accesibilidadgeográfico-horaria de nuestro centro pueden contribuir a explicar este hecho


Introduction and objectives: 1. To establish the prevalence of patients’ visits withoutappointment –out of agenda visits (OAV)– in our settings. 2. To establish the rate of not justificationof these visits and the circumstances associated to a not justified visit. Material and methods: transverse descriptive study undertaken in two pediatric settingsof a Primary Care Centre.Participants: 392 children 0-15 years of age arriving without advanced appointment.They were collected through consecutive sampling between March 7th and September 15th2003. Main measurements: Prevalence of OAV; percentage of not justifiable OAV; circumstancesassociated. Statistics: Student-Fisher t test, X2 test, logistic regression with Odds Ratio(OR) estimation and their 95% IC.Results: OAV prevalence: 23% (95% IC: 21%-25%). 52,8% of children were under 5years. 73% (95% IC: 68,6%-77,4%) of visits were considered as subjective. Subjectivitywas associated to females (OR: 1,62; 95% IC: 1,02-2,56) and to children under 5 years(OR: 1,9; 95% IC: 1,2-2,9).Conclusions: our prevalence of AOV is higher than published by others. Circumstancessuch as the short age of most of the visited children and the excellent geographic and agendaaccessibility of our Center may contribute to explain this fact


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Agendamento de Consultas , Serviços de Saúde da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Assistência Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Morbidade
7.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 61(4): 298-304, 2004 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15456584

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In Spain, studies that investigate parents' beliefs on antibiotic use are lacking. Mistaken beliefs lead to inappropriate antibiotic use and encourage overuse. The aim of the present study was to determine parents' knowledge about antibiotic use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a cross sectional, descriptive study in two health centers through a self-administered questionnaire completed by 348 parents. The response variable consisted of beliefs evaluated when the parents answered the following three statements in the affirmative: a) there are currently some infections with inadequate response to antibiotic treatment; b) if antibiotics are used too often, they can cease to have an effect; c) if your child frequently receives antibiotic treatment, subsequent use may have no effect. Independent variables consisted of sex of the responder, educational level, parental age and ethnicity, attendance at school (public or private), attendance at kindergarten, usual healthcare (public-private), and number of siblings. Statistical analysis consisted of logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 31.6 % (95 % CI: 26.7-36.5) responded affirmatively to the three statements. Adequate knowledge was associated with the non-immigrant population (OR: 5.7; 95 % CI: 1.37-24.9) and high parental education (OR: 2.04; 95 % CI: 1.16-3.06). CONCLUSIONS: Parents' knowledge of antibiotic use is low compared with that in other countries. Health education programs to remedy this situation are urgently required.


Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pais/psicologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 61(4): 298-304, oct. 2004.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-35532

RESUMO

Introducción: En España no existen estudios que investiguen las creencias de los padres sobre el uso de antibióticos. Las creencias erróneas determinan el uso inadecuado de antimicrobianos, propiciando su sobreutilización. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el nivel de conocimientos de los padres sobre la utilización de los antibióticos. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en dos centros de salud (encuesta autocumplimentada por 348 padres).Creencias valoradas cuando los padres contestaron afirmativamente a tres frases (variable de respuesta): a) actualmente existen algunas infecciones que no responden adecuadamente al tratamiento con antibióticos; b) si los antibióticos se utilizan con demasiada frecuencia, es posible que dejen de hacer efecto; c) si tu hijo recibe con frecuencia tratamiento con antibióticos, es posible que cuando los vuelva a necesitar no le hagan efecto. Variables independientes: sexo de la persona que respondió la encuesta, nivel de estudios, edad y etnia de los padres, asistencia a colegio (público o privado), asistencia a guardería, asistencia médica habitual (pública-privada), número de hermanos. Como prueba estadística se aplicó la regresión logística. Resultados: El 31,6 por ciento (intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento [IC 95 por ciento], 26,7-36,5) respondió de forma afirmativa a las tres frases. Un nivel adecuado de creencias se asoció con población no inmigrante (odds ratio [OR], 5,7; IC 95 por ciento, 1,37-24,9) y nivel elevado de estudios de los padres (OR, 2,04; IC 95 por ciento, 1,16-3,06). Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimientos es bajo comparado con otros países. Urge la puesta en marcha de programas de educación sanitaria que corrijan esta situación (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pais , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Espanha , Antibacterianos , Infecções Bacterianas , Estudos Transversais , Uso de Medicamentos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Atenção Primária à Saúde
9.
Aten Primaria ; 32(6): 349-54, 2003 Oct 15.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14572398

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic usefulness of three clinical signs (temperature, cough, crepitant stertor) for diagnosing pneumonia in children. To evaluate the agreement of two radiologists in evaluating thoracic x-rays (TXR). DESIGN: Study of diagnostic tests. SETTING: Primary care. PARTICIPANTS: 350 clinical histories of children who had an urgent TXR to diagnosis pneumonia between 1st January 1996 and 30th June 1999. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: a) Prevalence of pneumonia in the entire sample and two age-based sub-groups: aged 5 years and under, and over 5; b) positive probability quotients (PQ+) and negative ones (PQ-) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The TXR was seen as the reference standard, and c) kappa index (kappa) for inter-radiologist concordance. RESULTS: Prevalence: the entire sample, 22.9% (95% CI, 18.5-27.3); children aged 5 or less, 20.4% (95% CI, 15.6-25.2); aged over 5, 31.3% (95% CI, 21.1-41.4). The signs studied were only of any use in confirming the diagnosis in children over 5: PQ+ was 3.52 (1.28-9.69). Radiologists coincided in their diagnosis in 93.1% of the TXR (kappa=0.8; 95% CI, 0.77-0.83). CONCLUSIONS: This study did not prove that there was a sub-grouping of clinical signs which confirmed unmistakably the diagnosis of pneumonia in children.


Assuntos
Exame Físico , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Instalações de Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Pneumonia/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Radiografia
10.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(6): 349-354, oct. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-29732

RESUMO

Objetivo. Determinar la utilidad diagnóstica de tres signos clínicos (fiebre, tos, estertores crepitantes) para el diagnóstico de neumonía en niños; evaluar la concordancia en la interpretación de la radiografía de tórax por dos radiólogos. Diseño. Estudio de pruebas diagnósticas. Emplazamiento. Atención primaria. Material. Trescientas cincuenta historias clínicas de niños a los que se practicó una radiografía de tórax urgente para diagnosticar neumonía entre el 1 de enero de 1996 y el 30 de junio de 1999.Mediciones principales. a) Prevalencia de neumonía en toda la muestra y en dos subgrupos de edad: igual o inferior a 5 años y superior a 5 años; b) cocientes de probabilidad positivo y negativo e intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento). Se consideró la radiografía de tórax como estándar de referencia, y c) concordancia interradiólogos-índice kappa (K).Resultados. La prevalencia de neumonía en toda la muestra fue del 22,9 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 18,5-27,3); en los niños de 5 años de edad o menores fue del 20,4 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 15,625,2), y en los mayores de 5 años, del 31,3 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 21,1-41,4). Los signos estudiados sólo tuvieron alguna utilidad para confirmar el diagnóstico en mayores de 5 años: el cociente de probabilidad positivo fue de 3,52 (IC del 95 por ciento, 1,28-9,69) y los radiólogos coincidieron en el diagnóstico en el 93,1 por ciento de las radiografías de tórax ( k = 0,8; IC del 95 por ciento, 0,77-0,83). Conclusiones. En este estudio no se constató la presencia de un subconjunto de signos clínicos que aseguren de forma inequívoca el diagnóstico de neumonía en niños (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Lactente , Humanos , Exame Físico , Prevalência , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Pneumonia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Instalações de Saúde
11.
Aten Primaria ; 29(5): 268-77, 2002 Mar 31.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11996726

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of type of infant feeding on the incidence of lower (LRTI) and upper respiratory tract infections during the first 12 months of life. DESIGN: Historical cohort study. SETTING: Primary care centers. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 250 babies born at term between October 1, 1994 and February 1, 1998. INCLUSION CRITERIA: current medical record available at a participating primary care center, participation in a Healthy Baby Program, residence in the basic health area involved in the study, birth weight #>2500 g. Interventions. Breastfeeding alone or in combination with formula feeding; artificial feeding alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: Attending day care, antecedents of atopy, fathers and mothers smoking habit, parents level of education, number of persons in the household, mothers age. There was no association between type of feeding and the incidence of respiratory infections. All 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the odds ratios (OR) included the value of 1. At age 3 months, LRTI was associated with the number of persons in the household (OR, 1,87; 95% CI, 1.18-2.95) and with antecedents of atopy (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.19-7.4). At age 6 months, LRTI was associated with the number of persons in the household (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.07-2.44) and with attending day care (OR, 4.52; 95% CI, 1.20-17.1). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study breastfeeding was not effective in lowering the incidence of respiratory infections.


Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Alimentos Infantis , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Instalações de Saúde , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Atenção Primária à Saúde
12.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 29(5): 268-277, mar. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-11012

RESUMO

Objetivo. Determinar la influencia del tipo de lactancia sobre la incidencia de infecciones del tracto respiratorio inferior (ITRI) y superior (ITRS) durante los primeros 12 meses. Diseño. Cohortes históricas. Emplazamiento. Atención primaria. Emplazamiento. Un total de 250 niños nacidos a término entre el 1 de octubre 1994 y el 1 de febrero de 1998. Criterios de inclusión: historia clínica abierta en el centro de salud; haber seguido el programa del niño sano; residencia dentro de la zona básica de salud, y peso al nacer 2.500 gramos. Intervenciones. LM: lactancia materna, exclusiva o combinada con fórmula, y LART: lactancia artificial. Mediciones y resultados principales. Asistencia a guardería; antecedentes de atopia; tabaquismo paterno y materno; nivel de estudios paternos; personas que conviven en el hogar; edad materna. No existió asociación entre tipo de lactancia e incidencia de infecciones respiratorias -todos los intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento) de odds ratio (OR) incluyeron el valor 1-; a los 3 meses de edad, la ITRI se asoció con el número de personas que convivían en el domicilio (OR, 1,87; IC del 95 por ciento, 1,18-2,95) y con antecedentes de atopia (OR, 2,96; IC del 95 por ciento, 1,19-7,4); a los 6 meses, la ITRI se asoció con el número de personas que convivían en el domicilio (OR, 1,62; IC del 95 por ciento, 1,072,44) y con la asistencia a guardería (OR, 4.52; IC del 95 por ciento, 1,20-17,1).Conclusiones. En el presente estudio la LM no se mostró efectiva para originar una disminución de la incidencia de infecciones respiratorias (AU)


Assuntos
Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Aleitamento Materno , Alimentos Infantis , Incidência , Estudos de Coortes , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Infecções Respiratórias , Instalações de Saúde
14.
Aten Primaria ; 23(7): 397-402, 1999 Apr 30.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10363391

RESUMO

MAIN OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of child pneumonia in our health district. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: to establish its clinical and epidemiological characteristics, to establish the percentage resolution of the illness within primary care (PC), to describe the treatments given, and to compare admission rates according to whether the first consultation was in PC or hospital casualty. DESIGN: A retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive study. SETTING: Primary care. PARTICIPANTS: 63 episodes diagnosed between 30-8-96 and 1-9-97 in 1604 children under 15. MEASUREMENTS: Statistical measurements included: 95% confidence intervals, the ji squared test, Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Incidence was 3.9% (CI: 3-4.9%); female predominance, 53.3% (CI: 40.7-66%); seasonal predominance, autumn-winter 64.5% (CI: 52.6-76.4%). The most common signs were: high temperature, 93.3% (CI: 87-99.6%); cough, 66.1% (CI: 54-78.2%). 90.5% (CI: 83.2-97.7%) of pneumonia cases treated in PC evolved satisfactorily. 9.5% (CI: 2.3-16.8%) needed hospital admission. Patients who attended hospital on their own initiative went into hospital more often than those who attended the PC paediatrics clinic as their first option (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of pneumonia among children is lower than in other countries. The majority are treated and resolved properly in PC. Analytic studies are needed to determine whether first attending a hospital casualty department instead of a PC paediatric clinic involves a greater risk of hospital admission.


Assuntos
Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Adolescente , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Intervalos de Confiança , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia
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