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Do informal and formal mechanisms of guardianship work together to reduce residential burglary? In this article we argue that informal guardianship moderates the relationship between formal mechanisms of guardianship and residential burglary. Formal guardianship requires some level of social cohesion and trust to be effective against residential burglary. We test this argument with the use of robust panel quantile methods controlling for time effects, spatial effects, and alternative explanations. Using Mexico City neighborhood crime and census data, we show evidence of a moderating weakening effect of informal guardianship on the previous relationship, particularly in deprived neighborhoods and only in the upper quantiles of the residential burglary distribution. In addition, the moderation effects seem to have weakened over time. In sum, the combination of guardianship mechanisms seems to have been more effective in high burglary risk deprived neighborhoods, although their combination seems to have become less relevant.
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Objectives: This study examined whether Covid-19 virus containment measures moderated the relationship between community strain and homicide rates in Mexico City neighborhoods and police quadrants. Methods: We tested the moderation effects hypothesis with the use of a mixed-effects regression to estimate fixed effects with random effects at different levels of aggregation. A sensitivity analysis was used to assess whether results of the moderation effects were affected by changes in the unit of analysis. Results: We found no evidence that virus containment measures moderated the relationship between community strain and observed changes in homicide rates. Moreover, although community strain measures were found to be statistically associated with homicide rates, the results were seemingly affected by the Modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). Conclusions: First, the link being made in the literature between the homicide drop and the Covid-19 pandemic based on strain theory premises has no universal empirical basis. Second, although homicide rates dropped on average after containment measures were implemented, these had different effects across places, making arguments based on overall average change inexact. Third, we find evidence that community strain can predict homicide rates, but results are sensitive to the MAUP. Thus, community strain explanations of homicide rates may only apply in some areas of cities and conditional on the unit of analysis.
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En el año 1990 Enrique Pérez-Castro,publicó en Archivos Españoles de Urologíael trabajo: "Como evitar ser demandado o losdiez mandamientos" (1). Su lectura despertó enmí una gran atracción.
En el año 1990 Enrique Pérez-Castro,publicó en Archivos Españoles de Urologíael trabajo: "Como evitar ser demandado o los diez mandamientos" (1). Su lectura despertó en mí una gran atracción.
Assuntos
Contagem de Leucócitos , HumanosRESUMO
Sr Director: En el último número, se ha publicado en la revista bajo el formato de Casos Clínicos, el trabajo (15): Metástasis peneana de carcinoma urotelial: Revisión de la literatura a raíz de un caso de Polancoet al. (Arch.Esp.Urol. 2021;74:208)...
Sr Director: En el último número, se ha publicado en la revista bajo el formato de Casos Clínicos, el trabajo (15): Metástasis peneana de carcinoma urotelial: Revisión de la literatura a raíz de un caso de Polancoet al. (Arch.Esp.Urol. 2021;74:208)...
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Neoplasias , Bexiga Urinária , Azocinas , HumanosRESUMO
OBJETIVOS 1. Saber que ha sido de los requerimientos judiciales por presunta mala praxis, en relación a casos de torsión testicular (TT). 2. Comentar lo ajustable a protocolo y guía clínica, en referencia a los "escrotos agudos - EA" y en concreto a lo que refiere a las TT. 3. Buscar vías que eviten los procedimientos judiciales en los EA y en concreto en las TT. 4. Conocer las conductas de riesgo e implantar las ajustadas a la normo praxis asistencial.
OBJETIVOS 1. Saber que ha sido de los requerimientos judiciales por presunta mala praxis, en relación a casos de torsióntesticular (TT). 2. Comentar lo ajustable a protocolo y guía clínica, en referencia a los "escrotos agudos EA" y en concreto a lo que refiere a las TT. 3. Buscar vías que eviten los procedimientos judiciales en los EA y en concreto en las TT. 4. Conocer las conductas de riesgo e implantar las ajustadas a la normo praxis asistencial.
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Torção do Cordão Espermático , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
No disponible
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Torção do Cordão Espermático/etiologia , Responsabilidade Civil , Decisões Judiciais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Jurisprudência , Cirurgiões/legislação & jurisprudência , Urologistas/legislação & jurisprudência , Padrões de Prática Médica/legislação & jurisprudênciaRESUMO
OBJETIVO Comentar como se podía proceder a la práctica de una uretrotomía interna, previo a la estandarización de la uretrotomía óptica bajo visión directa tipo "sachse".ONLY IN SPANISH.
OBJETIVOComentar como se podía proceder a la prácticade una uretrotomía interna, previo a la estandarizaciónde la uretrotomía óptica bajo visión directatipo "sachse".SOLO EN ESPAÑOL.
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Uretra/cirurgia , HumanosRESUMO
No disponible
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/secundárioRESUMO
No disponible
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Humanos , Cateterismo Urinário/história , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos/históriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A limited amount of research has been conducted on the association between marijuana use and adolescent crime in developing countries such as Mexico, where crime rates are high and marijuana use is increasing. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between the frequency of marijuana use and the likelihood of committing of a property crime, and to identify contextual factors explaining individual differences in the likelihood of committing a property crime. METHODS: The contribution of marijuana use to property crimes was examined based on two nationwide probabilistic surveys of public high school students, using a multilevel mixed effects logistic regression model. RESULTS: Marijuana use significantly increased the odds of committing a property crime. Differences between schools were observed in the random effects of marijuana use, suggesting that the likelihood of committing a property crime was differentially affected by contextual factors. In addition, students who were victims of bullying by peers and who had parents that abused alcohol had higher odds of committing a property crime. Perceived disorder in students' schools and neighborhoods also increased students' odds of reporting that they had committed a property crime. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of the effect of school context on the relationship between marijuana use and the commission of a property crime among Mexican public high school students seemed to increase over time. However, these results may also be due to changes in sampling designs over time.
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Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Crime/psicologia , Fumar Maconha/psicologia , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Bullying , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Grupo Associado , EstudantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In 2009, Mexico enacted a drug policy reform (Narcomenudeo) designed to divert persons possessing small amounts of illicit drugs to treatment rather than incarceration. To assess reform impact, this study examines the spatial-temporal trends of drug-related policing in Tijuana, Mexico post-enactment. METHOD: Location of self-reported arrests (N = 1,160) among a prospective, community-recruited cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana (N = 552) was mapped across city neighborhoods. Official police reports detailing drug-related arrests was triangulated with PWID self-reported arrests. Exploratory spatial data analysis examined the distribution of arrests and spatial association between both datasets across three successive years, 2011-2013. RESULTS: In 2011, over half of PWID reported being detained but not officially charged with a criminal offense; in 2013, 90% of arrests led to criminal charges. Official drug-related arrests increased by 67.8% (p <.01) from 2011 to 2013 despite overall arrest rates remaining stable throughout Tijuana. For each successive year, we identified a high degree of spatial association between the location of self-reported and official arrests (p <.05). CONCLUSION: Two independent data sources suggest that intensity of drug law enforcement had risen in Tijuana despite the promulgation of a public health-oriented drug policy reform. The highest concentrations of arrests were in areas traditionally characterized by higher rates of drug crime. High correlation between self-reported and official arrest data underscores opportunities for future research on the role of policing as a structural determinant of public health.
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Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Legislação de Medicamentos , Polícia , Política Pública , Humanos , Aplicação da Lei , MéxicoRESUMO
No disponible
