Patterns of increased incidence and survival of cutaneous melanoma in Girona (Spain) 1994-2013: a population-based study

Introduction: We conducted a population-based study on the Girona Cancer Registry (Spain) for the period 1994-2013 to determine patterns of change in the incidence of melanoma, which is increasing in many countries, and patient survival in our geographical area. Materials and methods: Using the standard registration rules for cancer registries, we calculated crude and standardized incidence rates as well as their trends. We also analysed the observed survival, 1-year conditioned survival and relative survival at 3, 5 and 10 years. Results: Our crude incidence rate was 9.13 cases/100,000 inhabitants for invasive and 2.59 for "in situ" melanomas. A statistically significant increase in incidence was found for melanomas of less than 1 mm in Breslow index and in males. 10-year observed and relative survival rates were 64.1 and 83.1%, respectively. Conclusions: We found an increasing trend in the incidence of low-risk melanoma and a survival rate similar to that reported elsewhere in Europe

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Patterns of increased incidence and survival of cutaneous melanoma in Girona (Spain) 1994-2013: a population-based study.

INTRODUCTION: We conducted a population-based study on the Girona Cancer Registry (Spain) for the period 1994-2013 to determine patterns of change in the incidence of melanoma, which is increasing in many countries, and patient survival in our geographical area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the standard registration rules for cancer registries, we calculated crude and standardized incidence rates as well as their trends. We also analysed the observed survival, 1-year conditioned survival and relative survival at 3, 5 and 10 years. RESULTS: Our crude incidence rate was 9.13 cases/100,000 inhabitants for invasive and 2.59 for "in situ" melanomas. A statistically significant increase in incidence was found for melanomas of less than 1 mm in Breslow index and in males. 10-year observed and relative survival rates were 64.1 and 83.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found an increasing trend in the incidence of low-risk melanoma and a survival rate similar to that reported elsewhere in Europe.

Trends in incidence and survival analysis in non-melanoma skin cancer from 1994 to 2012 in Girona, Spain: A population-based study.

INTRODUCTION: We present an epidemiological study focused on Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFS) and adnexal and skin appendages neoplasm (ASAN), a neoplasm understudied in cancer registries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyze trends of incidence and survival of NMSC registered with the Cancer Registry of Girona, Spain. RESULTS: We found 14389 cases of NMSC, accounting 3,474 SCC, 10729 BCC, 33 MCC, 61 DFSP and 71 ASAN. Incidence increased significantly in SCC and BCC with annual percentage of change of 1.6 and 1.5, respectively, but not in MCC, DFS or ASAN. Five-year relative survival for both sexes was 90.1% in SCC, 99.8% in BCC, 44.2% in MCC, 93.7% in DFS and 84% in ASAN. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the increasing incidence and good survival of SCC and BCC and enhances knowledge on the epidemiology of the less incidental NMSC.

Rising trends in incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma and their future projections in Catalonia, Spain: increasing impact or future epidemic?

BACKGROUND: During the past decades, there has been a substantial increase in the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) among all Caucasian populations. Spain presents one of Europe's lowest incidence and mortality rates. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse the recent trends of CMM incidence and mortality in a region with lower incidence as well as to project their future trends. METHODS: Cutaneous malignant melanoma incidence data were provided by the Tarragona and Girona population-based cancer registries and mortality data were provided by the Mortality Registry of Catalonia. Time trends of incidence and mortality rates by CMM were assessed through the estimated annual percentages of change of the incidence and mortality age-standardized rates to the World Standard Population. Projections were based on a Bayesian age-period-cohort model using second order autoregressive effects on age. RESULTS: During the last 20 years CMM incidence has increased substantially at a faster rate than any other neoplasms in Catalonia, particularly among women and this trend will probably continue for the next several years. Nevertheless, CMM mortality trends have been and probably will remain stable during this period. CONCLUSION: Improvements in preventive activities should be implemented to decrease incidence and mortality from this cancer. Monitoring stage-specific trends in CMM incidence can assess the impact of preventive strategies; for this reason more complete information on diagnostic features of CMM patients in the Spanish population-based cancer registries are necessary.

[Skin dimpling: a complication of amniocentesis]. / Hoyuelos cutáneos: una complicación de la amniocentesis.

Second trimester amniocentesis is widely used for the prenatal diagnosis of congenital disorders. Direct fetal injury from needle puncture can cause cutaneous scarring and rarely leads to severe visceral complications. Before the advent of real-time ultrasonography, the incidence of cutaneous lesions after amniocentesis ranged from 0.1 % to 9 % in the different series. Few reports of cutaneous lesions after amniocentesis have been published since the advent of real-time ultrasonography, although the real incidence is unknown. Eight children with typical skin dimpling caused by needle puncture during second trimester amniocentesis are presented. Current amniocentesis has not completely eliminated the risk of needle puncture scarring of the fetus. Dermatologists, pediatricians and obstetricians should be aware of this complication, which may have medical and legal consequences.

Hoyuelos cutáneos: una complicación de la amniocentesis / Skin dimpling: a complication of amniocentesis

La amniocentesis durante el segundo trimestre de gestación se realiza para el diagnóstico de alteraciones congénitas. La punción del feto durante la técnica puede conllevar lesiones cutáneas que raramente se acompañan de lesiones viscerales graves. Antes del uso de la ultrasonografía durante el procedimiento la incidencia de lesiones cutáneas variaba del 0,1 al 9 %. Con el uso de amniocentesis eco-guiada existen pocos casos publicados de lesiones cutáneas, si bien su incidencia no se conoce con exactitud. Presentamos 8 pacientes con hoyuelos cutáneos causados por la punción del feto durante amniocentesis del segundo trimestre de gestación. La amniocentesis actual (eco-dirigida) no ha eliminado completamente el riesgo de punción del feto durante la técnica. Dermatólogos, obstetras y pediatras deberán conocer esta complicación que puede conllevar consecuencias médico-legales

Second trimester amniocentesis is widely used for the prenatal diagnosis of congenital disorders. Direct fetal injury from needle puncture can cause cutaneous scarring and rarely leads to severe visceral complications. Before the advent of real-time ultrasonography, the incidence of cutaneous lesions after amniocentesis ranged from 0.1 % to 9 % in the different series. Few reports of cutaneous lesions after amniocentesis have been published since the advent of real-time ultrasonography, although the real incidence is unknown. Eight children with typical skin dimpling caused by needle puncture during second trimester amniocentesis are presented. Current amniocentesis has not completely eliminated the risk of needle puncture scarring of the fetus. Dermatologists, pediatricians and obstetricians should be aware of this complication, which may have medical and legal consequences

An accessory belly of the abductor digiti minimi muscle: a case report and embryologic aspects.

Accessory fasciculi of the hypothenar muscles have been involved in vascular and nerve compressions. During a routine dissection an accessory belly of the abductor digiti minimi muscle arising from the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle was found in the lower third of the forearm. The accessory fasciculus ran through Guyon's canal enclosing the ulnar nerve and vessels. It was attached by means of two tendons where the fibres of the abductor digiti minimi muscle ended in a single pennate form. This anatomic variation was associated with a marked reduction of the caliber of the fourth tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle and a split of the median nerve. The nerve supply arose from the ulnar nerve. A fibrous band originating from this accessory muscular belly was found covering the median nerve. Based on the development of muscles and fibrous structures within the hand and forearm, as well as on our results, we consider the present anomalies as an unusual persistence of an undifferentiated group of mesenchymal cells. These belong to the superficial muscular anlagen layer of the hand, just between the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle blastema (which has the capacity of migration) and that for the abductor digiti minimi muscle.