[The function of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood serum in epilepsy patients during therapy]. / Sostoianie kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy syvorotki krovi u bol'nykh épilepsiei v protsesse terapii.

Pronounced activation of serum kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) was discovered in epileptic patients. Marked therapeutic effect in 17 patients after 1 month of combined therapy (antioxidants and vitamins) was accompanied by a distinct tendency to normalization of kallikrein and prekallikrein activity and the quantity of immune complexes (IC). Therapy of such patients may consist of one course of treatment followed by supportive vitamin therapy. The increase of previously low kallikrein activity was noticed in 23 patients after the treatment and was connected with the increment of prekallikrein level in the presence of KKS activating factors, including IC. IC quantity increased in comparison to pre-treatment values. This promoted continuation of the treatment till normalization of KKS components and IC. Absence of clinical improvement combined with deterioration of biochemical parameters (in 11 patients) urges the necessity to search for more effective therapeutic measures. Determination of kallikrein, its precursors and IC allows to evaluate efficacy and duration of pathogenetic treatment of epileptic patients.

[Hormonal interrelationships in symptomatic epilepsy]. / Gormonal'nye vzaimootnosheniia pri simptomaticheskoi épilepsii.

The serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with epilepsy resultant from cerebral leptomeningitis in the fit-free intervals were examined for some hypophyseal and adrenal hormones with reference to the disease course, severity and duration, frequency of the seizures. The levels of hydrocortisone, aldosterone and STH were found stable, while those of prolactin got elevated, especially in males. Hormonal shifts in the serum and CSF appeared significantly different. STH lowered, but prolactin went up only in CSF. The latter increase was related to the seizures frequency.

[The effect of a magnesium-free solution on neuronal activity in the snail]. / Vliianie bezmagnievogo rastvora na aktivnost' neironov vinogradnoi ulitki.

This investigation has revealed that application of magnesium-free medium to snail brain preparations results in the development of paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDSs) and depolarizing afterpotentials in some neurons. The neurons studied were classified by their responses to low extracellular magnesium as active or passive. In the active neurons, typical PDSs observed were characterized by plateau potential with complete inactivation of the spike generating mechanism. In the passive neurons the magnitude of PDSs was sufficient to inactivate the mechanism of spike generation. The PDSs were synchronized in synaptically unconnected neurons. The results show that the snail brain preparation immersed to the magnesium-free solution is a suitable model of experimental epilepsy, since Helix nerve cells are easy to identify.

[The effect of a magnesium-free solution on the parameters of the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic potentials in identified snail neurons]. / Vliianie bezmagnievogo rastvora na parametry spontannykh vozbuzhdaiushchikh postsinapticheskikh potentsialov identifitsirovannykh neironov vinogradnoi ulitki.

This investigation has revealed that application of magnesium-free medium to snail brain preparation changes the parameters of excitatory input to the identified neurons of the snail: the distribution of amplitude and intervals between EPSP. The other parameters (time to peak level and duration of EPSP) remained unaltered. It is concluded that spontaneous firing activity of initially silent neurons in magnesium-free solution develops as a result of increased efficiency of excitatory input.

[The surface structures and biological properties of Klebsiella strains]. / Poverkhnostnye struktury i biologicheskie svoistva shtammov klebsiell.

The electron-microscopic method has been used to study the surface structures and biological properties (adhesiveness, antibiotic-resistance, biochemical properties) in 67 strains of Klebsiella isolated from one-year-old children with intestinal infections (56) and from healthy ones (11). It is found that bacterial cells in 58.2% of strains have fimbriae of the 3d type, in 20.9%--of the 1st type. No correlation has been revealed between the type of fimbriae and the studied properties.

[Lipid peroxidation and microviscosity of erythrocyte membranes in patients with schizophrenia]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov i mikroviazkost' membran éritrotsitov bol'nykh shizofreniei.

During examination of 27 patients with schizophrenia, a study was made of the processes of free radical lipid oxidation. It has been established that in patients with schizophrenia, the processes of lipid peroxidation are activated and microviscosity of erythrocytic membranes is increased. The rise of microviscosity of erythrocytic membranes is attended by an increase of cholesterol content and of the amount of sialic acids of gangliosides involved in the formation of the superficial charge of erythrocytes. The authors hold that the changes discovered may cause functional destabilization of erythrocytic membranes, which may play a definite part in the development of hypoxia in schizophrenic patients.

[The kinin and plasmin systems of the blood serum and cerebro- spinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia]. / Kininovaia i plazminovaia sistemy syvorotki krovi i spinno- mozgovoi zhidkosti bo'lnykh rasseiannym sklerozom i shizo- freniei.

The article deals with the role of activation of the kinin and plasmin systems in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid for increasing the blood-brain barrier permeability, immune conflict initiation and as a factor in prediction of further exacerbations of multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia.

[Ammonia release and binding processes and the activity of acid proteinase and glycolysis enzymes in the dynamics of experimental toxic adrenal encephalopathy]. / Protsessy osvobozhdeniia i sviazyvaniia ammiaka, aktivnost' kisloi proteinazy i fermentov glikoliza v dinamike éksperimental'noi toksiko-adrenalovoi éntsefalopatii.

The content of ammonium, glutamine, glutamate, aspartate and GABA, glutamine synthetase activity, acid proteinase, hexonase, phosphohexoisomerase and dehydrogenase glucose-6-phosphate were studied in dog brain homogenates after individual injections of Bacillus coli endotoxin (10 micrograms/kg) and adrenaline (75 micrograms/kg) into veins and their combined injections into the carotid artery. Isolated injections of endotoxin and adrenaline were shown to cause transient metabolic compensatory changes. Combined injections caused stable progressing brain metabolic disorders. It is suggested that neurochemical changes influence endogenous development of toxic adrenal encephalopathy.

[Lipid peroxidation in the dynamics of experimental toxic adrenal encephalopathy]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov v dinamike éksperimental'noi toksiko-adrenalovoi éntsefalopatii.

TBA-active product plasma content, unsaturated fatty acid level in erythrocyte membrane and peroxide resistance of erythrocytes 1, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after the onset of experimental toxico-adrenal encephalopathy (ETAE) have been investigated in the peripheral blood of 7 dogs. The first 30 days were characterized by an increase in the indexes indicative of lipid peroxidation (LPO) intensification and a trend towards their further normalization. It is suggested that at early stages of ETAE LPO intensification plays a predominant role in the pathological chemistry of model dystrophic process, while at later stages the leading role is played by other brain metabolism disturbances, associated with LPO activation.

[Effect of vitamin E and thymalin on the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. / Vliianie vitamina E i timalina na razvitie éksperimental'nogo allergicheskogo éntsefalomielita.

It has been established in the experiments on rats resistant to encephalomyelitis that vitamin E deficiency promoted and thymaline administration prevented the onset of the disease. The experiments on guinea-pigs sensitive to encephalomyelitis have shown that the combined administration of alpha-tocopherol and thymaline prevented the development of the disease. The results obtained make it possible to suggest that the resistance to encephalomyelitis depends on the level of membrane antioxidant defense and the condition of T-cell immunity.

[Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in the brain of the rat exposed to the cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenics]. / Biokhimicheskie i ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia v mozge krys pri deistvii likvora bol'nykh shizofreniei.

Using biochemical and ultrastructural methods of examination, the authors studied the brain of rats following the intracysternal injection of spinal fluid from schizophrenic patients. The elicited disorders of the ultrastructure of neurons of the medulla oblongata as well as alterations in the content of lipid peroxidation products, gangliosides and cerebrosides were directly correlated with disorders identified in the brain of schizophrenic patients. It was concluded on the basis of the results obtained that marked neurotoxic properties of schizophrenics' cerebral fluid appeared to be explained by the presence of antibodies to brain antigens.

[Antioxidant capacity of the blood serum of schizophrenic patients in relation to brain tissue as an index of its neurotropic activity]. / Antiokislitel'naia sposobnost' syvorotki krovi bol'nykh shizofreniei po otnosheniiu k tkani mozga kak pokazatel' ee neirotropnosti.

The authors have proposed a method of determining the neurotropic activity of the blood serum, which is based on the ability of cytotoxic anticerebral antibodies to intensify the processes of lipid peroxidation in the homogenate of the rat brain. Sera of the overwhelming majority of the 175 schizophrenics studied showed neurotropic activity. At the stage of exacerbation patients with different forms of schizophrenia showed identical neurotropic activity while at the stage of remission this activity was significantly different as compared with both the value characteristic of the exacerbation stage and the control one.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of the biological action of an endotoxin on sensorimotor cortical neurons]. / Ul'trastrukturnye osobennosti biologicheskogo deistviia éndotoksina na neirony sensomotornoi kory.

The work is devoted to the ultrastructural investigation of the state of the sensomotor cortex neurons after intravenous and intracisternal administration of endotoxin. The evidences are presented concerning ultrastructural alterations in mitochondria and the presence of compensatory reaction in them after intravenous injection of endotoxin. Besides, coated vesicles and subsurface cisternae whose formation is induced by the endotoxin action have been studied.

[Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in animal brain after intracisternal administration of the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with schizophrenia]. / Biokhimicheskie i ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia v mozge zhivotnykh pri intratsisternal'nom vvedenii likvora bol'nykh shizofreniei.

After intracisternal administration of liquor from patients with schizophrenia into rabbits and rats content of catecholamines, gangliosides and cerebrosides was decreased, while acid proteinase was activated in brain tissue. At the same time, ultrastructural impairments occurred in nervous cells. These data suggest that cytotoxic antibrain antibodies are present in liquor of schizophrenic patients.

[Effect of unithiol on the ultrastructure of the myocardium and adrenals in endotoxin shock]. / Vliianie unitiola na ul'trastrukturu miokarda i nadpochechnikov pri éndotoksinovom shoke.

Administration of unithiol to animals with endotoxin shock promotes deposition of catecholamines in chromaffin cells of the adrenals, blocks their secretion to the bloodstream and prevents the development of injuries to the cortical substance of the gland. Administration of unithiol for endotoxemia prevents damage to intracellular organelles of cardiomyocytes. However, insignificant disorders of the contractile apparatus of the cells and histohematic barriers are maintained. The capacity of unithiol to prevent the progress of destructive alterations in the heart and adrenals permits recommending it for use in combined treatment of septic conditions.

[Kallikrein-kinin system of the synovial fluid in closed injury to the knee joint]. / Kallikrein-kininovaia sistema sinovial'noi zhidkosti pri zakrytoi travme kolennogo sustava.

State of the kallikrein-kinin system components (activity of kallikrein and total esterase activity of trypsin-like enzymes) was studied in synovial fluid at the acute period of the knee joint closed injury. The kallikrein activity as well as the esterase activity of trypsin-like enzymes correlated completely with clinical manifestations of the reactive arthritis. These enzymes appear to have a definite importance in development of inflammation in the joint.

[Role of neuroallergy in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis]. / Rol' neiroallergii v patogeneze rasseiannogo skleroza.

The neurotropic effects of sera were determined in patients with multiple sclerosis and in animals with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) using some newly devised methods. When multiple sclerosis and EAE were at the stage of exacerbation, the kallikrein-kinin system was activated and immune complexes content in the blood serum increased. The authors conclude that neuroallergy plays the major role in the development of multiple sclerosis exacerbations and that the devised methods are valuable for the laboratory confirmation of multiple sclerosis diagnosis.

[Effect of brain antibodies on the lipid peroxidation process in the brain]. / Vliianie protivomozgovykh antitel na protsess perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v mozge.

The authors studies the effects of blood serum and IgG fraction from dogs immunized with brain and blood sera from patients with multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia on lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. Measured the content of diene conjugates (DC) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in the rat brain after administering the IgG fraction. It was established that antioxidant activity of blood sera and IgG fraction from control animals and donors was significantly higher as compared to experimental. Administration of the IgG fraction brought about an increase in the content of DC and MDA in the brain of experimental animals. It is concluded that complement-dependent brain antibodies present in the blood serum of patients with schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis potentiate lipid peroxidation in the cerebral tissue and that the unsophisticated and informative method for antibody determination may be used in clinical practice.