High ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease ratio in a population-based registry from Córdoba, Argentina.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have described the epidemiology and clinical behavior of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in South America. The aim of this study was to report on the prevalence, phenotype, and treatment of patients with IBD diagnosis in Capital Department of the Province of Córdoba, Argentina. METHODS: Data from adult patients (≥ 18 years-old) with IBD diagnosis that attended 12 public or private centers between 05/2014 and 05/2019 were included in a common registry. RESULTS: A total of 655 patients were included (females: 53.4%). The ratio of ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 561) to Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 88) was 6.38, with age-adjusted IBD prevalence being 70.1 (95% confidence interval 70.08-70.12) cases/100,000 habitants. Extraintestinal manifestations were diagnosed in 22.8% of patients, and left-side colitis (46%) was the most frequent extension in UC patients. In CD patients, colonic involvement (55.7%) and non-stricturing/non-penetrating behavior (74%) were the most frequent presentations. Biologic therapy was used in 36.4% of CD patients and 9.1% of UC patients (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In this population registry study, IBD prevalence was similar to that reported in other series in the region. A higher UC/CD ratio was observed due to the lower prevalence of CD compared to similar studies in South America.

Cetoacidosis diabética durante el embarazo: reporte de un caso / Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy: a case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La cetoacidosis diabética es una complicación grave de la diabetes que, a menudo, resulta en una emergencia médica. Puede afectar a mujeres con diabetes tipo 1 y 2 y raramente a mujeres con diabetes gestacional (1-3% de todas las pacientes que cursan con diabetes durante el embarazo). OBJETIVO: Reportar el caso de una paciente embarazada, con cetoacidosis diabética. Por la baja frecuencia de este padecimiento resulta interesante su informe y revisar la bibliografía. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 32 años, con 40.1 semanas de embarazo, con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 descompensada. Acudió a un centro de primer nivel de atención debido a: tensión arterial 145-95 mmHg, dolor en el epigastrio, actividad uterina irregular, náusea y vómito. Fue referida al Hospital General de Chimalhuacán. La paciente ingresó al servicio de Urgencias con: presión arterial 145-96 mmHg, frecuencia cardiaca 87 lpm, temperatura 37.2 oC, frecuencia cardiaca fetal 180 lpm, sostenida. Los estudios de laboratorio reportaron: glucemia de 553 mg/dL, cetonemia, pH 7.3. Debido a la taquicardia fetal sostenida se decidió finalizar el embarazo mediante cesárea. De acuerdo con los criterios diagnósticos de cetoacidosis diabética se estableció el diagnóstico de cetoacidosis diabética moderada. CONCLUSIONES: La cetoacidosis diabética es una complicación rara y grave, con consecuencias nocivas para el feto y la madre. El reconocimiento rápido de los factores precipitantes, la administración inicial de líquidos, insulina y la corrección del desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico son prioridades para revertir la cetoacidosis diabética.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes that often results in a medical emergency. It usually occurs in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, especially newly developed, but it can also affect women with type 2 diabetes and rarely women with gestational diabetes (1-3% of all patients with diabetes during the pregnancy). OBJECTIVE: To present a case report of a pregnant woman who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis, treatment and evolution. Given the low frequency of the pathology, it is interesting to report and review the current literature. CLINICAL CASE: A 32-year-old woman, with the diagnosis of decompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus, 40.1 weeks of gestation, who goes to a first level hospital for presenting; arterial tensions of 145 / 95mmHg, pain in epigastrium, irregular uterine activity, nausea and vomiting for what is referred to the General Hospital of Chimalhuacán. The patient enters the emergency department with, blood pressure 145/96 mmHg, heart rate 87x`, temperature 37.2 °C Fetal heart rate 180 beats per minute sustained, laboratory studies found glycaemia of 553 mg/dL, ketonemia, pH 7.3, fetal heart rate 180 beats per minute sustained so it is decided to terminate the pregnancy by caesarean section. According to the diagnostic criteria of diabetic ketoacidosis, the diagnosis of moderate diabetic ketoacidosis is established. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a rare but serious complication of diabetes in pregnancy, with harmful consequences for both the fetus and the mother. Rapid recognition of precipitating factors, initial fluid therapy, insulin administration and correction of hydroelectrolytic imbalance are priorities in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis. A multidisciplinary management that includes intensive care unit for the mother and neonatal intensive care, monitoring the maternal response to treatment is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality; fetal monitoring is necessary, as this will be directly affected or benefited according to the maternal response to treatment.

La Medicina Veterinaria en el contexto del municipio colombiano: conversaciones con la ruralidad desde la práctica académica profesionalizante de pregrado Administración en Salud Animal de la Universidad de Antioquia (2005-2015) / Veterinary Medicine in the context of the Colombian municipality: Conversations with rurality from the professionalizing undergraduate academic practice in Animal Health Administration at the Universidad de Antioquia, 2005-2015 / A Medicina Veterinária no contexto do município colombiano: conversações com a ruralidade desde a prática acadêmica profissionalizante de graduação em Administração em Saúde Animal da Universidade de Antioquia, 2005-2015

Resumen La sistematización es un proceso investigativo, reflexivo, crítico y propositivo, mediante el cual se pretende estudiar, comprender, criticar, cuestionar y aprender de las prácticas. Este estudio pretendió sistematizar la experiencia de la práctica académica profesionalizante de pregrado Administración en Salud Animal (ASA) de la Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), la cual se desarrolla en municipios antioqueños. La ruta metodológica comprendió tres etapas: la construcción histórica de la práctica desde la memoria colectiva, el análisis crítico de la práctica y aprender desde la práctica para mejorarla. Se utilizaron los dispositivos de flujo del proceso, la entrevista semiestructurada, la conversación, el relato, la entrevista de salida a los expracticantes, el taller, la revisión e interpretación de documentos y el diario de campo. En total se visitaron 17 municipios y se entrevistaron 74 personas. Dentro de los resultados están la construcción del marco contextual de ASA, el listado y ubicación de municipios con presencia histórica de ASA, la construcción de la línea de tiempo con red de actores y sucesos, la construcción y análisis del discurso ordenador, la identificación de las fortalezas, las limitaciones y carencias de la práctica en los ámbitos universitario y municipal y las contribuciones para trascender las carencias y fortalecer la práctica. La práctica de ASA representa la materialización del potencial de la Universidad para propiciar el diálogo entre la Universidad y la sociedad por medio del apoyo a la función de los municipios en salud animal y salud pública, aunque requiere profundas intervenciones para explotar al máximo su potencial transformador y formativo.

Abstract Systematization is an investigative, reflexive, critical and purposeful process, which seeks to study, understand, criticize, and question practices, and learn from them. This study systematized the experience of the undergraduate professionalizing academic practice in Animal Health Administration (AHA) at the Universidad de Antioquia, which is developed in municipalities of the department of Antioquia. The methodological route involved three stages: historical construction of the practice from collective memory, critical analysis of the practice, and learning from the practice to improve it. Process flow devices were used, such as semi-structured interview, conversation, storytelling, exit interview with former participants, workshop, document review and interpretation, and field diary. In total, 17 municipalities were visited and 74 people were interviewed. Results included the construction of the contextual framework of AHA, listing and location of municipalities with AHA historical presence, construction of a timeline with a network of agents and events, construction and analysis of the guiding discourse, identification of strengths, limitations, and shortcomings of the practice in university and municipal environments, as well as contributions to transcending shortcomings and strengthening the practice. The AHA practice represents the materialization of the University's potential to foster dialogue between the University and society by supporting the role of municipalities in animal health and public health, although it requires profound interventions to exploit its transformative and educational potential.

Resumo A sistematização é um processo de pesquisa, reflexivo, crítico e propositivo, mediante o qual se pretende estudar, compreender, criticar, questionar e aprender das práticas. Este estudo sistematizou a experiência da prática acadêmica profissionalizante de graduação Administração em Saúde Animal (ASA) da Universidade de Antioquia, que se desenvolve em municípios da região de Antioquia. A rota metodológica compreendeu três etapas: a construção histórica da prática desde a memória coletiva, a análise crítica da prática e aprender com a prática para melhorá-la. Se utilizaram os dispositivos de fluxo do processo, a entrevista semiestruturada, a conversação, o relato, a entrevista de saída aos ex-praticantes, a oficina, a revisão e interpretação de documentos e o diário de campo. Em total foram visitados 17 municípios e entrevistadas 74 pessoas. Dentro dos resultados estão a construção do marco contextual de ASA, a lista e localização de municípios com presença histórica de ASA, a construção da linha de tempo com rede de atores e sucessos, a construção e análises do discurso ordenador, a identificação das fortalezas, as limitações e carências da prática nos âmbitos universitário e municipal e as contribuições para transcender as carências e fortalecer a prática. A prática de ASA representa a materialização do potencial da Universidade para propiciar o diálogo entre a Universidade e a sociedade por meio do apoio da função dos municípios em saúde animal e saúde pública, embora requeira de profundas intervenções para explorar ao máximo o seu potencial transformador e formativo.

Low phytic acid 1 mutation in maize modifies density, starch properties, cations, and fiber contents in the seed.

Monogastric animals are unable to digest phytic acid, so it represents an antinutritional factor and also an environmental problem. One strategy to solve this problem is the utilization of low phytic acid (lpa) mutants that accumulate low levels of phytic P and high levels of free phosphate in the seeds; among the lpa maize mutants lpa1 exhibited the highest reduction of phytic acid in the seed. This study indicated that the low phytic acid mutations exerted pleiotropic effects not directly connected to the phytic acid pathway, such as on seed density, content of ions, and the antioxidant compounds present in the kernels. Furthermore some nutritional properties of the flour were altered by the lpa1 mutations, in particular lignin and protein content, while the starch does not seem to be modified as to the total amount and in the amylose/amylopectin ratio, but alterations were noticed in the structure and size of granules.

Low-dose cisplatin protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from paclitaxel-induced apoptosis.

Combined anticancer therapy using platinum compounds and antitubulins has increased the risk of neurotoxicity. However, the combination of low-dose cisplatin (CDDP) with toxic doses of paclitaxel significantly reduces cellular death in a human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. To analyze the mechanisms of this protection, we evaluated various signaling molecules possibly involved in apoptosis and some relevant cell cycle regulatory proteins. CDDP does not interfere with the tubulin-stabilizing action of paclitaxel. The evaluation of molecular pathways involved in apoptosis indicates that the Bcl-2 but not the caspases may be involved in the CDDP protection of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. The increase in p53 protein and its nuclear accumulation suggests a possible involvement of p53 in CDDP protection. The use of the chemical inhibitor of p53, pifithrin alpha, excluded this possibility. The study of cyclins and the flow cytometric analysis (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) suggest that CDDP exerts a protective action by blocking cells early in the cell cycle. The determination of the mitotic index indicates that CDDP prevents cells from reaching the mitosis. We concluded that low doses of CDDP are protective against toxic doses of paclitaxel and that the possible mechanism of this protection is that the CDDP prevents human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from achieving mitosis.

Retinoic acid-induced neuritogenesis of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells is ERK independent and PKC dependent.

Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, is a natural morphogen involved in development and differentiation of the nervous system. To elucidate signaling mechanisms involved in RA-induced neuritogenesis, we used human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, an established in vitro model for studying RA action, to examine the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 in RA-induced neuritogenesis and cell survival. From immunoblotting experiments, we observed that RA induced delayed but persistent ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation (until 96 hr) that was reduced significantly by the specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126. For the subsequent studies we chose 24 hr as the reference time. Inhibition of ERK activation did not affect RA-induced neuritogenesis (percentage of neurite-bearing cells and neurite length) but significantly reduced cell survival. In addition, we analyzed the signaling pathway that mediates ERK activation. Our results suggest that RA-induced ERK phosphorylation does not follow the classic Raf kinase-dependent pathway. Protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) are possible alternative kinases involved in the ERK signaling pathway. In fact, in the presence of the specific PKC inhibitor GF 109203X, or the specific PI 3-K inhibitor wortmannin, we observed a significant dose-dependent reduction in ERK phosphorylation. RA-induced neuritogenesis and cell survival were reduced by GF 109203X in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that rather than ERK1 and ERK2, it is PKC that plays an important role during early phases of RA-induced neuritogenesis.