RESUMO
Introducción: Las molestias musculoesqueléticas representan uno de los principales problemas que afectan el bienestar de los usuarios de computadora y su rendimiento laboral; por tanto, demanda intervenciones con un enfoque integral donde los trabajadores participen activamente. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de un programa integral de ergonomía para reducir las molestias musculoesqueléticas y la sobrecarga postural en trabajadores usuarios de computadoras. Métodos: El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, analítico, de tipo cuasi experimental de grupos independientes con seguimiento de 3meses. Participaron 242 personas divididas en 2 grupos de 121 personas cada uno, quienes utilizaban una computadora por más de 4h diarias. El grupo experimental participó en el programa de ergonomía que incluyó capacitaciones, entrega de un folleto informativo sobre ergonomía en oficinas, adecuación del puesto de trabajo y realización de ejercicios de estiramiento. El grupo control recibió una capacitación y se entregó el folleto informativo en una ocasión. Se realizó una medición basal sobre molestias musculoesqueléticas y sobrecarga postural en ambos grupos. Al término de 3meses se realizó una segunda toma de datos y su comparación con los datos basales. Resultados: El programa de ergonomía redujo la intensidad de molestias musculoesqueléticas de manera significativa en los diferentes segmentos cervical, hombros y dorsolumbar (p<0,05), pero no redujo la frecuencia de las molestias (p>0,05). Además, el programa redujo significativamente el nivel de sobrecarga postural (p<0,05). Conclusión: El programa integral de ergonomía fue efectivo en disminuir la intensidad de las molestias musculoesqueléticas y de sobrecarga postural, pero no redujo significativamente la frecuencia de las molestias musculoesqueléticas.(AU)
Introduction: Musculoskeletal complaints represent one of the main problems that affect the well-being and work performance of computer users demanding interventions with a comprehensive approach where workers actively participate. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a comprehensive ergonomics program to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort and postural overload in computer user workers. Methods: A quantitative study with an analytical approach and quasi-experimental design with independent groups was carried out during 3-month. 242 people participated, divided into 2 groups of 121 people each, who used a computer for more than 4h a day. The experimental group participated in the ergonomics program that included training, delivery of an informative leaflet on ergonomics in offices, adaptation of the workstation and a stretching exercise program. The control group received training and only once the information leaflet. A baseline measurement of musculoskeletal discomfort and postural overload was performed in both groups. At the end of 3months, a second data collection was carried out and compared with the baseline data. Results: The ergonomics program significantly reduced the intensity of musculoskeletal discomfort in the different neck, shoulder and back segments (P<.05), but did not reduce the frequency of discomfort (P>.05). Furthermore, the program significantly reduced the level of postural overload (P<.05). Conclusion: The comprehensive ergonomics program was effective in reducing the intensity of musculoskeletal complaints and postural overload, but did not significantly reduce the frequency of musculoskeletal complaints.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Ergonomia , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas , Desempenho Profissional , Postura Sentada , Conscientização , Reabilitação , Exercícios de Alongamento MuscularRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal complaints represent one of the main problems that affect the well-being and work performance of computer users demanding interventions with a comprehensive approach where workers actively participate. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a comprehensive ergonomics program to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort and postural overload in computer user workers. METHODS: A quantitative study with an analytical approach and quasi-experimental design with independent groups was carried out during 3-month. 242 people participated, divided into 2 groups of 121 people each, who used a computer for more than 4h a day. The experimental group participated in the ergonomics program that included training, delivery of an informative leaflet on ergonomics in offices, adaptation of the workstation and a stretching exercise program. The control group received training and only once the information leaflet. A baseline measurement of musculoskeletal discomfort and postural overload was performed in both groups. At the end of 3months, a second data collection was carried out and compared with the baseline data. RESULTS: The ergonomics program significantly reduced the intensity of musculoskeletal discomfort in the different neck, shoulder and back segments (P<.05), but did not reduce the frequency of discomfort (P>.05). Furthermore, the program significantly reduced the level of postural overload (P<.05). CONCLUSION: The comprehensive ergonomics program was effective in reducing the intensity of musculoskeletal complaints and postural overload, but did not significantly reduce the frequency of musculoskeletal complaints.
